Maiine Fluid Power Application
-
Upload
oladokun-sulaiman-olanrewaju -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Maiine Fluid Power Application
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
1/86
Marine Fluid Power Application
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
2/86
Learning Objective:Learning Objective: Acquire generalAcquire general
knowledge on the common deck machineriesknowledge on the common deck machineriesonboard ships.onboard ships.
Specific Objectives:Specific Objectives:
At the end of this module, the participants shouldAt the end of this module, the participants should
be able to:be able to: State the various deck machineries and theirState the various deck machineries and their
usesuses Describe windlass operationDescribe windlass operation
Describe winch operationDescribe winch operation Describe deck crane operationDescribe deck crane operation Sketch a typical hydraulic systemSketch a typical hydraulic system
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
3/86
APPLICATION
Deck Hull machineries-> Windlasses, Winches,Capstans, Cranes, Lifeboats, Anchor
Hull machineries ->Fins Stabilisers, Thrusters
Waterways activities->Dredgers, navigation lock,
Marine system fluid transport-> Ballast water, Offshore-> drilling
Hydraulics used in many applications: Steering/control systems (rudder, planes)
Deck machinery (anchor windlass, capstans, winches) Masts & antennae on submarines Weapons systems (loading & launching) Other: elevators, presses
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
4/86
A General Cargo Ship
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
5/86
WindlassDuty is to lift the anchors and assist inwarping the ship.
Size and power depends upon the massesof anchors and cable, and full load hauling.
It may be powered by steam engine orelectric motors.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
6/86
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
7/86
Windlass
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
8/86
Windlass
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
9/86
Windlass
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
10/86
Windlass
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
11/86
Chains .
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
12/86
Winch WindlassesUtilizes a forward mooring winch to drive awindlass unit thus reducing number of primemovers required.
Port and starboard units are normally inter-connected both mechanically and for powerin order to provide stand-by drive.
It also utilize the power of both winches onthe windlass should this is required.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
13/86
Winch Windlasses
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
14/86
Winch
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
15/86
Winch drive
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
16/86
Capstan A vertical-barrelled, rotative device arrangedfor either hand operation or hand and power
operation with pawls at its base to prevent it
from reversing.
Generally used for warping or pulling objects
in a horizontal direction.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
17/86
Capstan
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
18/86
CARGO HANDLING
The duty of a deck winch is to lift and lower a load by means of afixed rope on a barrel, or by means of whipping the load on the warpends; to top or luff the derricks, and to warp the ship.
In fulfilling these duties it is essential that the winch should becapable of carrying out the following requirements:
(a) lift the load at suitable speeds; (b) hold the load from running back;
(c) lower the load under control; (d) take up the slack on the slings without undue stress;
(e) drop the load smartly by answering the operatorsapplication without delay;
(f) allow the winch to be stalled when overloaded, and to start upagain automatically when the stress is reduced;
(g) have good acceleration and retardation:
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
19/86
CARGO HANDLINGIn addition when the winch is electrically driven the requirements are:(a) prevent the load being lowered at a speed which will damage the motor
armature;
(b) stop the load running back should the power supply fail;(c) prevent the winch starting up again when the power is restored until the
controller has been turned to the correct position.
Hydraulic winch systems are now quite common but electric drives for cargo winches
and cranes are most widely used.
For the conventional union purchase cargo handling arrangement or for slewingderrick systems handling loads up to 20 tonne, standard cargo winches are normallyused for hoist topping and slewing motions, the full load duties varying from 3-10tonne at 0.65 to 0.3 m/sec
For the handling of heavy loads, although this may be accomplished withconventional derrick systems using multipart tackle, specially designed heavy liftequipment is available.
The winches used with these heavy lift Systems may have to be specially designedto fit in with the mast arrangements and the winch duty pull may be as high as 30tonne.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
20/86
Cargo winches It is usual to select the number and capacity of and to group the
winches in such a way that within practical limits all hatches may be workedsimultaneously and having regard to their size (and the hold capacity beneath
them) work at each is carried out in the same period.
Reduction of the cycle time during cargo handling is best accomplished by the useof equipment offering high speeds say from 0.45 m/see at full load to 1.75 m/seclight, the power required varying from 40 kW at 7 tonnes to 20 kW at 3 tonnes; thisfeature is available with electro-hydraulic and d.c. electric drives as they offer anautomatic load discrimination feature.
However, the rationalisation of electrical power supply on board ship has resultedin the increased use of a. c. power and the majority of winch machinery nowproduced for cargo handling utilises the polechanging induction motor.
This offers two or more discrete speeds of operation in fixed gear and amechaincal change speed gear is normally provided for half load conditions.
Normally all modern cargo handling machinery, of the electric or electrohydraulictype is designed to fail safe.
A typical example of this is the automatic application of the disc brake on anelectric driving motor should the supply fail or when the controller is returned to the
OFF position
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
21/86
Derricks
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
22/86
Derrick A lifting device composed of one mast or pole
which is hinged freely at the bottom.
It is controlled by (usually 4) lines powered bysome such means as man-hauling or motors,so that the pole can move in all 4 directions.
A line runs up it and over its top with a hookon the end, like with a crane.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
23/86
Derrick
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
24/86
Derricks Most older ships and some recent ones use winches in conjunction
with derricks for working cargo.
The derricks may be arranged for fixed outreach working or slewingderricks may be fitted.
A fixed outreach system uses two derricks, one topped to a positionover the ships side and the other to a position over the hold.
The disadvantages of the fixed outreach systems are
that firstly if the outreach requires adjustment cargo work must beinterrupted, and secondly the load that can be lifted is less than thesafe working load of the derricks since an indirect lift is used.
Moreover considerable time and man power is required to prepare aship for cargo working.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
25/86
Union purchase rig
The commonest arrangementadopted, known as Union Purchaserig.
The main advantages of the system
are that only two winches arerequired for each pair of derricks and
it has a faster cycle time than the
slewing derrick system.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
26/86
Slewing derrick
The slewing derrick system,
one type of which has the
advantages that there is no
interruption in cargo work foradjustments and that Cargo can
be more accurately placed in the
hold; however in such a system
three winches are required for
each derrick to hoist luff and
slew.
D k C
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
27/86
Deck Crane
Cranes have replaced derricks on modern ships.
Positioned between holds, on a platform which can berotated through 360 degrees.
Three separate drives of hoisting motor for lifting,motor for raising or lowering the jib, and slewing
motor for rotating the crane.
Operating medium may be hydraulic or electric.
Double gearing is a feature of most designs providing ahigher speed at lighter load.
For heavy load operation, twinning with a single operator
using a master and slave control system in the two cranes.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
28/86
Deck Crane
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
29/86
Deck Crane
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
30/86
Deck cranes
A large number of ships are fitted with deck cranes.
These require less time to prepare for working cargo thanderricks and have the advantage of being able to accuratelyplace (or spot) cargo in the hold.
On container ships using ports without special containerhandling facilities, cranes with special container handling gearare essential.
Deck-mounted cranes for both conventional cargo handling andgrabbing duties are available with lifting capacities of up to 50
tonnes.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
31/86
Stulken derrick (Blohm and Voss)
Ships specialising incarrying very heavy
loads however, areinvariably equippedwith special derricksystems such as theStulken
These derrick systems
are capable of lifting
loads of up to 500
tonnes
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
32/86
Deck cranes motor
Crane motors may rely upon pole changing for speed
variation, Ward Leonard and electro-hydraulic controls are those
most widely used.
One of the reasons for this is that pole-changing motors can only give arange of discrete speeds but additional factors favouring the twoalternative methods include less fierce power surges since the Ward.Leonard motor or the electric drive motor in the hydraulic system runcontinuously and secondly the contactors required are far simpler and
need less maintenance since they are not continuously being exposedto the high starting currents of
pole-changing systems
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
33/86
Deck cranes
Deck cranes require to hoist, luff and slew and separate electric orhydraulic motors will be required for each motion.
Most makes of crane incorporate a rope system to effect luffing andthis is commonly rove to give a level luff where the cablegeometry is such that the load is not lifted or lowered by the actionof luffing the jib and the luffing motor need therefore only be rated
to lift the jib and not the load as well.
Generally, deck cranes of this type use the Toplis three-partreeving system for the hoist rope and the luffing ropes are rovebetween the jib head and the superstructure apex which gives
them an approximately constant load, irrespective of the jib radius.
-
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
34/86
-hoisting
This load depends only on theweight of the jib, the resultant
of loads in the hoisting ropedue to the load on the hookpasses through the jib to the jibfoot pin
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
35/86
Deck cranes If the crane is inclined 5 in the forward direction due to heel of the
ship the level-luffing geometry is disturbed and the hook loadproduces a considerable moment on the jib which increases the pullon the luffing rope.
In the case of a 5 tonne crane the pull under these conditions isapproximately doubled and the luffing ropes need to be over-proportioned to meet the required factor of safety.
If the inclination is in the inward direction and the jib is near
minimum radius there is a danger that its weight moment will not besufficient to prevent it from luffing up under the action of the hoistingrope resultant.
Swinging of the hook will produce similar effects to inclination of thecrane.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
36/86
Deck cranes
In the Stothert Pitt Stevedore electro-hydraulic
crane the jib is luffed by one or two hydraulic crains.
Pilot operated leak valves in the rams ensure that the jibis supported in the event of hydraulic pressure being lostand an automatic limiting device is incorporated whichensures that maximum radius can not be exceeded.
When the jib is to be stowed the operator can overridethe limiting device.
In the horizontal stowed position the cylinder rods arefully retracted into the rams where they are protectedfrom the weather .
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
37/86
Deck cranes
Some cranes are mounted in pairs on a common platform which can berotated through 360 .
The cranes operate independently or locked together and operate as atwin-jib crane of double capacity", usually to give capacities of up to 50tonnes.
Most cranes can, if required, be fitted with a two-gear selection to givea choice of a faster maximum hoisting speed on less than half load.
For a 5 tonne crane full load maximum hoisting speeds in the range 50-75 m/min are available with slewing speeds in the range1-2 rev/min.
For a 25 tonne capacity crane, maximum full load hoisting speeds in
the range 20-25 m/min are common with slewingspeeds again in the range 1-2 rev/min.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
38/86
Drive mechanism and safety
features
In both electric and electro-hydraulic cranes it is usual to find that thecrane revolves on roller bearings.
A toothed rack is formed on them periphery of the supporting seat anda motor-driven pinion meshes with the rack to provide drive.
Spring-loaded disc or band brakes are fitted on all the drive motors.
These are arranged to fail safe in the event of a power or hydraulicfailure. The brakes are also arranged to operate in conjunction with motor
cut-outs when the crane has reached its hoisting and luffing limits, orif slack turns occur on the hoist barrel.
In the case of the electro-hydraulic cranes it is normal for one electricmotor to drive all three hydraulic pumps and in Ward-Leonard electriccrane systems the Ward-Leonard generator usually supplies all threedrive motors
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
39/86
Other deck and Hull andmachineries
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
40/86
Hatch covers
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
41/86
Hatch covers
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
42/86
Hatch covers
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
43/86
Bow Thruster A propulsion device built into, or mounted to,
the bow of a ship or boat to enhance itsmaneuverability.
Bow thrusters make docking easier, sincethey allow the Captain to turn the vessel toport or starboard without using the mainpropulsion mechanism which requires some
forward motion for turning.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
44/86
Bow Thruster
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
45/86
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
46/86
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
47/86
Thruster
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
48/86
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
49/86
INTRODUCTION
1.Surging
2. Swaying
3. Heaving
4. Rolling
5. Pitching
6. Yawing
1. Surge2. Sway3. Heave4. Roll
5. Pitch6. Yaw
Linear
Rotational
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
50/86
Fins stabilizer
There is a limit to the extent to which amplitudes ofmotion can be reduced in conventional ship formsby changes in the basic hull shape.
Fortunately, con-siderable reductions in rollamplitudes are possible by other means, roll beingusually the most objectionable of the motions asregards comfort.
In principle, the methods used to stabilize against
roll can be used to stabilize against pitch but, ingeneral, the forces or powers involved are too greatto justify their use.
(a) Active systems
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
51/86
(a) Active systems
In these systems, the moment opposing roll isproduced by moving masses or control surfaces bymeans of power.
They also employ a control system which senses therolling motion and so decides the magnitude of thecorrecting moment required. As with the passive
systems, the active systems may be internal orexternal to the main hull.
The principal active systems fitted are: Active fins
Active tank system Active moving weight Gyroscope.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
52/86
STABILISATION SYSTEMSTABILISATION SYSTEM
Active systems
Active Fins
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
53/86
STABILISATION SYSTEMSTABILISATION SYSTEM
Active systems
Active Weights
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
54/86
STABILISATION SYSTEMSTABILISATION SYSTEM
Active systems
Active Tanks System
(b) Passive systems
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
55/86
(b) Passive systems
In these systems, no separate source of power is required and
no special control system. Such systems use the motion itself to create moments opposing
or damping the motion. Some, such as the common bilge keel, are external to the main
hull and with such systems there is an added resistance to
ahead motion which has to be overcome by the main engines. The added resistance is offset, partially at least, by a reduction in
resistance of the main hull due to the reduced roll amplitude. Other passive systems, such as the passive anti roll tanks, are
fitted internally. In such cases, there is no augment of resistance
arising from the system itself. The principal passive systems (discussed presently) fitted are: Bilge keels (and docking keels if fitted) Fixed fins Passive tank system
Passive moving weight system.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
56/86
STABILISATION SYSTEMSTABILISATION SYSTEM
Passive systems
Bilge Keels
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
57/86
STABILISATION SYSTEMSTABILISATION SYSTEM
Passive systems
Fixed Fins
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
58/86
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
59/86
STABILISATION SYSTEMSTABILISATION SYSTEM
Passive systems
Passive Moving Weight System
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
60/86
Fin stabilizer
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
61/86
Fin stabilizer
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
62/86
Thruster and fins stabilizer
Shiphandling: Twin Screw Ships
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
63/86
Ship AheadBoth Propellers Ahead
Shiphandling: Tug Tie-Ups
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
64/86
Single Headline
Simplest Tie-up
Best to allow tug to
push or pull only
Not good if complex tug
maneuvers required.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
65/86
TUG BOAT
Svitzer multipurpose tugs Rolls-Royce thrusters and winches
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
66/86
Svitzer multipurpose tugs Rolls-Royce thrusters and winches
Prime mover ->1,800kW diesel engine. A maximum ahead speed of13.8 knots, an astern speed of 13 knots
Efficient propulsion and impressive maneuverability for the 30.3m-long/228 dwt ASD tugs are provided by twin Ulstein AquamasterUS205CP azimuthing thrusters
manoeuvrability further enhanced by a 200kW Kamewa Ulstein bowthruster.
bollard pull ahead of 66 tons are reported,
towing equipment outfit is based on a Rolls-Royce 30/160 winch forwardand an aft towing hook of 65 tonnes swl capacity. A five tonne capacitycapstan was also provided by Rolls-Royce. The specification allows fire-fighting duties to be undertaken, twin monitors mounted on thewheelhouse roof having a combined output of up to 2,400m3/h.
These valuable additions to its fleet are enabling Svitzer to enhanceservices in all the main ports, assisting tonnage entering and departing.
executes diverse heavy lift transportation and towage services as wellas salvage projects.
A range of over 5,000 nautical miles from the new tugs underwrites acapability to carry out long haul towage tasks, with accommodationarranged for up to six crew members.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
67/86
Navigation lock and flood protection
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
68/86
Dredgers
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
69/86
Open Loop System
The system takes oil from the tankand pumps it into the hydraulic motor.
A control valve is positioned in parallelwith the motor.
When it is open, the motor isstationary; when it is throttled or closedthe motor will operate.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
70/86
Open Loop System
The exhaust oil returns to the tank
Commonly used in low pressure
system and are simple in design as wellas reliable.
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
71/86
Open Loop System
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
72/86
Closed Loop System
In the system, the exhaust oil isreturned direct to the pump suction.
Since the oil does not enter an opentank, the system is considered closed.
Suitable for medium pressure system inmarine application .
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
73/86
Closed Loop System
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
74/86
Centralized Hydraulic Power System
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
75/86
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
76/86
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
77/86
Centralized system arrangement
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
78/86
Global Explorer ROV
Highly maneuverable 3,000 m depth
capability
High DefinitionVideo Suction samplers
for organisms Portable for use on
any ship
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
79/86
MOCNESS Midwater Trawl
Standard samplingsystem formacroplankton andfish
10 m2
trawl net 6 nets for depth-stratified samples
Monitorstemperature,
salinity, depth andoxygen
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
80/86
Ballast water
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
81/86
Electrohydraulic Speed Gear
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
82/86
Control of System
Remote control Normal method
Control from bridge
Emergency Take local control
Manually position control surface/rudder
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
83/86
Advantages Convenient power transferConvenient power transfer Few moving parts
Low losses over long distances
Little wear
FlexibilityFlexibility Distribute force in multiple directions
Safe and reliable for many uses
Can be stored under pressure for long periods Variable speed controlVariable speed control Quick response (linear and rotary)
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
84/86
Disadvantages
Requires positive confinement (to give
shape)
Fire/explosive hazard if leaks or rupturesFire/explosive hazard if leaks or ruptures
Filtration critical - must be free of debris
Manpower intensive to clean up
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
85/86
Summary
Operations: Mooring, Anchoring, LoadingDischarging etc.,
Machinery Functions for operations
Prime movers: Steam, Electric & HydraulicWinches, Windlasses, Cranes etc.,
Specific Topics: Bow thrusters, Deck Hydraulics
-
8/14/2019 Maiine Fluid Power Application
86/86
Questions?