Fluid Power Application
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Fluid Power Application
Hydraulics & Pneumatics KMD 3133
By,
Mohd Shukri Bin Yob
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What is Fluid Power?
Technology that deals with the generation, control, and transmission of power using pressurized fluids.
The muscle that moves industry. Most modern machines driven by it.
Applications, fluid power steering & brakes automobiles,
drives machine tools, controls airplanes, moves earth (excavation), even drills teeth.
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Power Steering
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Braking System
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Wing of an aircraft5
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Fluid Transport? or Fluid Power?
Should be realized that there are actually 2(two) different types of fluid systems.
1. Fluid transport Sole objective is to deliver a fluid from one
location to another to accomplish some useful purpose.
2. Fluid power Designed specifically to perform work.
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Fluid Power
The work is accomplished by a pressurized fluid acting on a fluid cylinder or fluid motor. A fluid cylinder produces a force. A fluid motor produces a torque. Fluid cylinders & motors provide the muscle
to do desired work.
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Fluid Power - History
Known as hydraulics & pneumatics due to the working fluid can either be liquid or gas.
Working on the Pascal’s Law “Pressure is transmitted undiminished in a
confined body of fluid” Pascal found that when he rammed a cork into
a jug completely full of wine, the bottom of the jug broke and fell out.
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Fluid Power - History
Pascal’s law indicated that the pressures were equal at the top and bottom of the jug, however, the jug has a small opening area at the top and a large area at the bottom, thus the bottom absorbs greater force due to its larger area.
Pressure
Pressure Transmitted
Acting Area 2
Acting Area 1
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Fluid Power - History
While Bernoulli developed his law of conservation of energy for a fluid flowing in a pipeline.
Pascal’s & Bernoulli’s law is the working principle of all fluid power applications and are used for analysis purposes.
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Fluid Power – Hydraulics
Hydraulics Systems Uses liquids such as mineral oils, water, synthetic oils,
even molten metals. Water was the 1st hydraulic fluids
Not very suitable due to several deficiencies, such as freezes, poor lubricant & corrosive characteristics.
Oils are superior and widely used. Liquids provides very rigid medium (uncompressible)
for transmitting power & thus provides huge forces moving loads (with accuracy & precision)
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Fluid Power – Pneumatics
Pneumatics Systems Uses air as the gas medium due to abundant
supply and can be readily exhausted to the atmosphere.
Other gasses are not favorable due to cost, efficiency reasons but might be considered for special/critical purposes, should there be.
Gas exhibits spongy characteristics due to compressibility of gas.
However it is less expensive to build, operate & maintained.
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Applications
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Applications
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Advantages of Fluid Power
3 basic methods of transmitting power; Electrical Mechanical Fluid Power
Efficient overall system – using combination of all above.
Fluid systems can transmit power more economically over greater distance than mechanical system. However, restricted to shorter distances compared to electrical systems
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Advantages of Fluid Power
Fluid power secret is its versatility and manageability.
Not constrain to the physical geometry of the machine compared to mechanical systems. E.g. automotive braking systems.
Power transmitted in almost limitless quantities.
Not constrained by the physical limitation of materials such in an electrical systems. (E.g. Electromagnets, depends on saturation limit of steel)
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Advantages of Fluid Power
Main advantages of Fluid Power systems are:1. Ease and accuracy of control.
2. Multiplication of force.
3. Constant force or torque.
4. Simplicity, safety & economy.
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Drawbacks of Fluid Power
In spite of all highly desirable of fluid power, it is not the answer of all power transmission problems. Hydraulics oil are messy. Leakage is virtually impossible to eliminate
completely. Safety issue – hydraulics lines might burst
resulting to injuries if proper design are not implemented.
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
Pneumatic powered Dextrous articulated artificial limb
Courtesy of ,
Shadow Robot Company
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Applications of Fluid Power
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Applications of Fluid Power
Pneumatic powered artificial muscle. Air Muscle, Courtesy of Shadow Robot Company
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Hydraulic System) 6(six) components
1. Tank (reservoir) – holding the liquid/storage.
2. Pump – force liquid
3. Electric motor -drive the pump.
4. Valves –direction, pressure & flow rate.
5. Actuators – convert energy
6. Piping – Carries the liquid
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Hydraulic System)
Figure 1-21
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Hydraulic System)
Figure 1-20
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Hydraulic System)
Complexity of hydraulic-depending applications Complete packaged power system containing:
1. Electric motor
2. Pump
3. Shaft coupling
4. Reservoir (oil tank)
5. Miscellaneous piping, pressure valves and
6. Other components -such as pressure gages.
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Hydraulic System)
Figure 1-22
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Pneumatic System) There are also 6(six) basic components
1. Air Tank (reservoir) – storing compressed air.
2. Compressor – Compresses air
3. Electric motor –drive compressor
4. Valves – direction, pressure & flow rate.
5. Actuators – convert energy
6. Piping – distribute
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Pneumatic System)
Fig 1-23
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Pneumatic System)
Complexity of pneumatic –depending applications
Self-contained pneumatic power unit is consist;
Electric motor Compressor Shaft coupling Reservoir (Air tank) Miscellaneous piping, pressure valves and Other components -such as pressure gages.
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Components of a Fluid Power System (Pneumatic System)
Should be noted;
Pneumatic-air exhausted back to the atmosphere
Hydraulic- drains back to th reservoir,reused, filter
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Closed-Loop vs. Open Loop System
Fluid powerclosed-loop open-loop type.
Closed-loop System feedback. difference between command signal feedback
signals, action will be taken automatically to correct servo systemsservo systems, valves used to direct fluid are
typically called servo valves.
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Closed-Loop vs. Open Loop System
Open-loop System Not using feedback. Individual components No input / output compensation occur. Most hydraulic circuits are of the open-loop type,not
complex ,precise Errors due to slippage Example,
Leakage past seals inside pumps due to viscosity change of fluid which affected to the rise of operating temperature.
Leading to pressure and speed of actuators to drop.
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Closed-Loop vs. Open Loop System