Magnetic Materials and Electromagnets
description
Transcript of Magnetic Materials and Electromagnets
Magnetic Materials and
ElectromagnetsPurposeBackgroundEquipment ListProcedureDataDiscussionConclusion
PurposeThe purpose of this experiment was
to investigate the magnetic properties of matter.
This investigation included evaluating the properties of various permanent magnets, as well as measuring the variations of an electromagnet as a function of coil current.
Equipment List• Neodymium-Iron-Boron Disk Magnet• Ceramic Permanent Magnets• Cardboard Spacers• Cenco Electromagnet• Power Supply• Multimeter• F.W. Bell Guass/Tesla Meter
Background information
• The beginning of Magnets• Domain Theory• Permanent Magnets• Electromagnets• Magnets as we know them in the
world today.
Materials Commonly Used to Make
Permanent Magnets• Neodymium Iron Boron• NeoForm-B Bonded NdFeB• Samarium Cobalt• Alnico• Ceramic Ferrite
Neodymium Iron Boron
• Became Available in mid-1980• most commonly Produced Magnet• Maximum Magnetic Energy - 26-28
MGOe’s• Maximum Operating Temperature is
1500 C• Less Brittle than other magnets• High resistance to Demagnetization
Ceramic Ferrite Magnets
• Have been around since the mid 1950’s• Have a very Low relative cost• Maximum Magnetic Energy - 4 MGOe’s• Maximum Operating Temperature - is 3000
C• Moderate Resistance to Demagnetization• Small Cracks and Chips are common
Convert Electrical Energy to Physical
Motion
Convert Physical Motion to Electrical
Energy
Produce Mechanical Energy
Control, Shape or Direct an Object or
Substance
Procedure• Measured the Gap Length for
Neodymium-Iron-Boron Magnets and for Ceramic Magnets
• Measured how the Flux density changed as a function of magnet volume.
• Measured the Flux Density as a function of current for an electromagnet
Data - NdFeB Permanent Magnet
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gap Length (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
NdFeBMagnets
Data - NdFeB Permanent Magnet
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Magnet Volume (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
NdFeBMagnets
Data - Ceramic Permanent Magnet
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Gap Length (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
CeramicMagnets
Data - Ceramic Permanent Magnet
8
8.2
8.4
8.6
8.8
9
9.2
9.4
9.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Magnet Volume (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
CeramicMagnets
Data - Electromagnet
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Current (Amps)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
Discussion• Problems I encountered with the
experiment• Possible Sources of Error• Interpretation of Data• Possible Methods of Improving this
experiment for accuracy.• Other interesting Experiments that
could be done on this subject.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Magnet Volume (mm)
Flu
x D
ensi
ty (
G/T
)
NdFeB
Ceramic
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
Gap Length (mm)
Flu
x D
en
sity
(G
/T)
NdFeB
Ceramic
Discussion• Problems I encountered with the
experiment• Possible Sources of Error• Interpretation of Data• Possible Methods of Improving this
experiment for accuracy.• Other interesting Experiments that
could be done on this subject.
Conclusion• NdFeB magnets vs. Ceramic
Magnets• Electromagnets
ReferencesHistory was provied by
The National Museum of Science and Technology at http://www.science-tech.nmstc.ca/engine.cfm?function=link&idx=1367&language=english#whatare
Information about magnets was provided by
Dexter Magnet Technologies at http://www.dextermag.com/