MadMax: a new QCD Dark Matter Axion search...2016/06/23 · MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion...
Transcript of MadMax: a new QCD Dark Matter Axion search...2016/06/23 · MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion...
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 1
MadMax: a new QCD Dark Matter Axion search
• Axion to photon conversion at surfaces
• The open structure idea & simulations of boost factor
• Experimental idea & first measurements
with Seed project setup
• Design ideas for magnet
• Further plans
A. Caldwell, G. Dvali, C. Gooch, A. Hambarzumjan, B. Majorovits,
A. Millar, G. Raffelt, O. Reimann, F. Simon, F. Steffen
MPI für Physik, München, Germany
J. Redondo
University of Zaragoza, Spain
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
Axion to photon conversion at surfaces:
Axion mixes with photon in a static
B-field
At surfaces (reflecting or change in
refractive index): emission of
photons in both directions
(P/A)single surface ~ 2 ∙ 10–27 W/m2 ∙ (B║/10T)
2 ∙ cγ2 ∙ f(εm1, εm2)
D. Horns, J. Jaeckel, A. Lindner, A. Lobanov, J. Redondo and A.
Ringwald JCAP 1304 (2013) 016 [arXiv:1212.2970].
2
εm1 ,εm2 dielectric constant of media I and II
f(εm1, εm2) increases with increasing Δ(εm1, εm2)
Vacuum-mirror transission: f(0,∞)=1
Axion to photon conversion appears as source term in Maxwell equations
http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.1103
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 3
Boost factor β:
power emitted by
resonator/power emitted
on single metallic (εr=∞)
surface
(P/A)resonant cavity ~ 2 ∙ 10–27 W/m2 ∙ (B║/10T)
2 ∙ cγ2 ∙ f(εm1, εm2) ∙ β
J. Jaeckel and J. Redondo, Phys. Rev. D 88
(2013) 115002 [arXiv:1308.1103]
β : Boost factor, depends on:
frequency (axion mass), ε of materials, number of surfaces,
displacement between surfaces, etc.
Axion to photon conversion at surfaces:
Many surfaces:
→ constructive interference of photon part of wave function
→ “photon boost”
Axion to photon conversion appears as source term in Maxwell equations
Can treat problem classically!
http://arxiv.org/abs/1308.1103
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 4
20 plates with εr = 24 (LaAlO3) for bandwith 250 MHz
Here: bandwidth per setting: ~250MHz
Estimated precision of placement of discs needed: ~few μm
Frequency [GHz]
Boost
Facto
r, β
First simulations: the boost factor
It is possible to adjust disc setting to reach sizeable β over broad bandwidth
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
First simulations: the boost factor
Area (β · bandwidth) as function of number of dielectrics
Area of boost peak scales ~linearly with number of discs
Simulations: disc placement (80 discs) with precision of ~ μm
enough for β~105 with bandwidth of tens of MHz
Boost factor can be probed by reflectance and
transmittance measurements
Number of dielectrics
5
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
4 K
cryosta
t
Cold
preamp
Feedthrough
to 4K
~80 high dielectric plates spacing ~mm
to cm range for boost in the frequency
band 10 to 100 GHz
10 Tesla dipole magnet
Metallic disc
(ε=∞)
Disc su
spen
sion
Disc
positioning
motors
Experimental idea
6
< 200cm
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
Experimental idea
→ Sapphire (Al2O3) @ 300K, 10 GHz:
Chose dielectric material:
▫ High dielectric constant 𝜺 (for large boost & conversion)
▫ Low loss → low tan δ (reduce photon losses)
▫ Stable
▫ Cheap
→ Lanthanide Aluminate (LaAlO3) @ 77K
→ Titanium dioxide – Rutil (TiO2)
𝜺~𝟐𝟒; 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜹~𝟑 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
𝜺~𝟏𝟎; 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜹 ~ 𝒇𝒆𝒘 ∙ 𝟏𝟎−𝟓
𝜺~𝟏𝟎𝟎; 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜹~???
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
First measurements: sensitivity
0.595
0.6
0.605
0.61
0.615
0.62
0.625
x 10-9
1350 1360 1370 1380 1390
x 106
• Inject fake axion signal with 3.10-21 W power
• Measurement for one week (integrate signal):
Receiver at Room Temp.
Independent „blind“ analysis
found > 6σ signal succesfully
At LHe: noise level factor 100 better
Sensitivity at the level of 10-23 W expected
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
Expected 4σ detection sensitivity with and without boost
for 80 discs, 1m2 disc surface, 10T B-field, τ=200h, 50MHz boost bandwidth,
First measurements: sensitivity
9
10
4 b
oo
st
10-5 10-3 0.1
10-16
10-10
10-12
10-14
Couplin
g c
onsta
nt
gAγγ [G
eV
-1] Δνa=10
-6 ; Cryogenic preamp @ 8 K
Axion mass [eV]
In case of 4σ evidence: re-
scan frequency range to
achieve > 6σ sensitivity
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
First prototype setup at MPI
Water / Myon-Veto (Č)
Cryo-tank
Germanium Array
Wave
guides
Removable
copper
mirror
Dielectric discs
Mirror
Horn
antenna
Mirror
Precision
motors
Slides for
discs
10
Prototype setup
partly funded as
seed project by:
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
First prototype setup at MPI
Prototype setup
partly funded as
seed project by:
• Test correlation btw.
transmission and boost factor
• Test needed disc precision
• Evaluate uncertainties
• R&D on tiling 11
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 12
First prototype setup at MPI
Prototype setup
partly funded as
seed project by:
• Test correlation btw.
transmission and boost factor
• Test needed disc precision
• Evaluate uncertainties
• R&D on tiling
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 13
First prototype setup at MPI Transmission and reflection measurements
Prototype setup
partly funded as
seed project by:
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 14
10,0G 12,0G 14,0G 16,0G 18,0G 20,0G 22,0G 24,0G0,0
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1,2
Measurement
Filtered Measurement
Simulation
Re
so
na
tor
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Frequency (Hz)
• 2 AlO3 discs with diameter 200mm Disc positions
transmission curve
• Prediction (red) fits measurement (black) well.
Transmission measurements: 2 discs
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 15
10,0G 12,0G 14,0G 16,0G 18,0G 20,0G 22,0G 24,0G0,0
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1,0
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Measurement
Filtered Measurement
Simulation
Re
so
na
tor
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Frequency (Hz)
Transmission measurements: 3 discs
• 3 AlO3 discs with diameter 200mm Disc positions
transmission curve
• Prediction (red) fits measurement (black) well.
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 16
10,0G 12,0G 14,0G 16,0G 18,0G 20,0G 22,0G 24,0G0,0
0,2
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0,8
1,0
1,2
Measurement
Filtered Measurement
Simulation
Re
so
na
tor
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Frequency (Hz)
Transmission measurements: 4 discs
• 4 AlO3 discs with diameter 200mm Disc positions
transmission curve
• Prediction (red) fits measurement (black) well.
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 17
10,0G 12,0G 14,0G 16,0G 18,0G 20,0G 22,0G 24,0G0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
Measurement
Filtered Measurement
Simulation
Re
so
na
tor
Tra
nsm
issio
n
Frequency (Hz)
Transmission measurements: 5 discs
• 5 AlO3 discs with diameter 200mm Disc positions
transmission curve
• Prediction (red) fits measurement (black) well.
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 18
• 4 AlO3 discs with diameter 200mm plus mirror
reflection curve
• Prediction (red) fits measurement (black) well.
Needed precision of disc placing according to expectations
Gives confidence in boost factor calculation
Reflectivity measurement: 4 discs + mirror
10,0G 12,0G 14,0G 16,0G 18,0G 20,0G 22,0G 24,0G-1,0n
0,0
1,0n
2,0n
3,0n
4,0n
5,0n
6,0n Measurement
Simulation (dD=10mm)
Gro
up D
ela
y D
iffe
rence
(s)
Frequency (Hz)
Nominal Antenna Range
>1 Mode
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 19
0 7200 14400 21600 28800 36000 43200 5040015,654
15,655
15,656
15,657
15,658
15,659
15,660
15,661
15,662
04:50h
Center of group delay peak
BW
= 1MHzF
requency (
GH
z)
Time (s)
21:50h
Temperature cycle
from air conditioning
Reflectivity measurement: 4 discs + mirror
Variation of group delay peak position ~1MHz
Long term stability of boost peak seems ok
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24
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The 10T dipole magnet challenge:
Remember: P ∝ Amirror ∙ 𝑩||𝟐
Sensitivity goal assumes use of 10T dipole magnet with 1m aperture!
Two design concepts available:
Berkeley superconducting magnet group:
Canted-Cosine-Theta magnet
CEA-IRFU Saclay magnet group:
4 racetracks actively shielded configuration
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 21
Further plans 2016:
• Finish first test measurements at room temperature at MPI
• Test noise of preamplifier at LHe temperature
• Find additional collaborators for specific parts of project.
presently in discussion with:
DESY, MPI-Radio astronomy, CEA-Saclay, LBNL-Berkeley
• Order design study of 10T magnet
• Start to develop technique to cover frequencies above 40 GHz
• R&D on production of large diameter high-ε discs
2017-2020:
• R&D and Prototype experiments, tests in high B-field
• Design (and construction) of full scale experiment
2020 (?) :
• Start full scale experiment
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 22
C O N C L U S I O N S
• Axions in mass range ~40-400 μeV
could solve strong CP & Dark Matter
problem
• Open dielectric structure with
~ 80 discs expected to
boost axion detection rate by
~5 orders of magnitude
• First measurements with low noise
preamp promising: 80 big enough
discs in 10 T B-field:
sensitivity enough to probe models
• First results from proof of principle
setup are promising
• Magnet issue seems solvable (price?)
• We are ready to „go official“
10,0G 12,0G 14,0G 16,0G 18,0G 20,0G 22,0G 24,0G0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
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1,2
Measurement
Filtered Measurement
Simulation
Resonato
r T
ransm
issio
n
Frequency (Hz)
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MadMax: A new QCD Dark Matter Axion search B. Majorovits
12th PATRAS workshop on Axions, WIMPs and WISPs, 2016 June 20-24 23
1E-4 1E-3 0,01 0,1 110
100
1000
10000
100000
Center of group delay peak
BW
= 1MHz
FFT
Smoothed
De
via
tion
(H
z)
Frequenz (Hz)
1/f line
Longitudinal table
oscillation?