Macroecological and environmental patterns of urban algal biodiversity in Central Europe

Bohuslav Uher, Kateřina Kintrová, Milan Chytrý, Zdenka Lososová & Zdenka Otýpková

[email protected]

Macroecological and environmental

patterns of urban algal biodiversity

in Central Europe

IAC, 16.-20. August 2010, České Budějovice

MASARYK UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Science

Czech Republic

Urban microflora

European urban microfloras are at the periphery of scientific interests in phycology…

Our question

Are species richness, diversity and composition in Central European cities more strongly controlled by habitat, substrata or climatic conditions?

Which species of microalgae are diagnostic for assemblages in Central European cities?


● Ljubljana

● Linz

● Maribor

● Budapest● Freiburg

● Utrecht

● Antwerpen

● Bratislava

● Szczecin

● Debrecen

● Brno

●Augsburg

● Halle

● Regensburg

● Köln

● Salzburg● München

● Krakow

● Groningen

● Amsterodam

● Stuttgart

● Berne

● Praha

● Košice

● Ostrava

● Oldenburg

● Kassel

● Würzburg

● Chemnitz

● Innsbruck

● Hamburg

● Geneve

t < 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t < 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t < 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 t < 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19

t > 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t > 9°C; precipitation < 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19 t > 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I >19 t > 9°C; precipitation > 700 mm; temp. difference VII-I <19

Studied cities


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● Budapest●

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Mean annual temperature

Chemnitz 7.4°C

Budapest 11.2°C

● Chemnitz


● Ljubljana

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● Budapest●

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● Halle

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● Chemnitz

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Chemnitz 7.4°C

Budapest 11.2°C

Mean

ann

ual rain

fall

Halle 539 m

m

Lju

bljan

a 1312 mm


● Ljubljana

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● Budapest●

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● Debrecen

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● Halle

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● Amsterodam

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● Chemnitz

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Chemnitz 7.4°C

Budapest 11.2°C

Mean

ann

ual rain

fall

Halle 539 m

m

Lju

bljan

a 1312 mm

Mean July-January temperature difference

Amsterdam 14.2°C

Debrecen 23°C


Sampling design

June–August; 2007–2009

four different urban habitats (cetre - tree bark, park - tree bark, centre - sandstone, park - sandstone)

1 m above the ground

presence/absence data

species were characterized according to their taxonomy and autecology (7 taxonomic groups)

Cultivation

Media BBM, Z and bi-phase (water-soil)

Statistical analysis

CANOCO version 4.5, JUICE


Habitat Sampling site

Detail of substrate

Petri dishes

Culture

Microscopy


Centre

Centre - bark Centre - sandstone


City park


City park – bark City park - sandstone

RESULTS

• Total species richness: 129 taxa

• Frequence of species: 0-55 Centre (mean 10), 0-56 Bark (mean 17)

• All habitats: min 9 max 53 (mean 28)

• Habitat Centre: min 9 max 41 (mean 20)

• Habitat Park: min 19 max 53 (mean 35)


Ratio of each algal class in urban habitats

42%

25%

7%10%6%

8%2%

Chlorophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Trentepohliophyceae

Xanthophyceae Bacillariophyceae Klebsormidiophyceae

Cyanophyceae

Explained variation in species composition

climate urban habitat type (substrate+environment)

RDA analysis


11.79.3

14.98.5

11.412.1

Trebouxiophyceae

all species

Klebsormidiophyceae

Ordination by partial PCA, with habitat types used (substrate+environment) as passively projected variables and climate data as covariables


-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

CenBark

CenStone

ParkBark

ParkStone

SAMPLES

centre - bark

centre - stone

park - bark

park - stone

SUPPL. VARIABLES

NOMINAL SUPPL.VARIABLES

axis 1

axi

s 2

Ordination by partial PCA, with habitat types used as passively projected variables and climate data as covariables


-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

ApatLoba

DictSp.

DiplChod

IntePara

NeocPyre

NeocTexe

PseuMino

PseuSimp

ScotOocy

ScotTerr

TetrExce

ElliSubs

ChloSacc

ChloVulg

LoboLobo

LoboPyre

MyrmGlob

MyrmInci

ParaKess

PrasSp.

SticExig

SticUndu

TrebArbo

PhycSp.

TrenAureTrenIoli

BotrCall

BotrSp.

DiadCont

LutiSp.

KlebFlac

LeptSp.

CenBark

CenStone

ParkBark

ParkStone

axi

s 2

axis 1

SPECIES

HABITAT OPTIMUM


RDA analysis, for species and climate

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

CoelMult

DesmEndo

DesmOliv

DilaArthEcdyObli

GloeSp.

ChloMino

MychHomo

NeosPunc

PseuAdha

PseuSimp

ScotSp.EllpBilo

ElliSubs

ChloFusc

ChloVulg

PrasSp.

SticAlla

SticExig

SticUndu

TrebDeco

AsteGlom

PhycSp.

TrenIoliTrenAbie

BotrSp.

HeteSp.

XantDebi

EustMagn

ChamSp.LutiSp.

KlebCren

KlebMont

KlebNite

KlebSter

MesoChla PseuPrin

T_yearT_July

Precipitation

Continentality

axi

s 2

axis 1

SPECIES

ENV. VARIABLES


RDA analysis, for species and habitat types

-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

ApatLoba

CoccConfCoelAero

CoenSign

ChloVari

IntePara

MuriDeco

MuriTerr

NeosGela

ScotTerr

ElliSubs

ChloElli

ChloSacc

ChloVulg

LoboPyre

MyrmGlob

MyrmInciOocyMinu

OocySp.

SticMinu

SticSp.

SticUndu

TrebArbo

TrenAure

TrenIoli

TrenAbie

BotrSp.

DiadCont

DiadSp.

HantAmph

KlebFlac

KlebMont

LeptSp.

GloeDerm

CenBark

CenStone

ParkBark

ParkStone

axi

s 2

axis 1

SAMPLE OPTIMUM

SPECIES

-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

PhycSp.

PrinLage

TrenAure

TrenIoli

TrenMoni

TrenAbie

TrenUmbr

T_year

Precipitation

Continentality

T_July

AMSTERDAM

ANTVERPEN

AUGSBURG

BERN

BRATISLAVA

BRNO

BUDAPEST

DEBRECEN

FREIBURGGENEVE

GRONINGEN

HALLE

HAMBURG

CHEMNITZ

INNSBRUCK

KASSEL

KOLN

KOSICEKRAKOW

LINZ

LJUBLJANA

MARIBOR

MUNCHEN

OLDENBURGOSTRAVA

PRAHA

REGENSBURG

SALZBURG

STUTTGART

SZCZECIN

UTRECHT

WURZBURG

SPECIES

ENV. VARIABLES

SAMPLES

centre - bark

centre - stone

park - bark

park - stone


RDA analysis, for Trentepohliophyceae and climate with cities

axi

s 2

axis 1

CITIES

SPECIES

ENV. VARIABLES


DIAGNOSTIC SPECIES OF URBAN MICROALGAL ASSEMBLAGES(JUICE - Cluster analysis)

• Synoptic table with 129 taxa• 8 clusters• Interpretable only clusters 6, 7 and 8• Cluster 6 – Park habitat in eastern part of

Central Europe• Cluster 7 – Tree Bark in western part of

Central Europe• Cluster 8 – Sandstone in western part of

Central Europe


Continental climate, in Park habitat - Diagnostic species

• Pseudococcomyxa adhaerens • Desmococcus olivaceus • Tetracystis excentrica • Xanthonema pascheri • Tetracystis sarcinalis • Chlorella fusca • Neochloris pyrenoidosa

Pseudococcomyxa

DesmococcusXanthonema


Oceanic climate in Park on Bark - Diagnostic species

• Prasiola sp. • Luticola sp. • Pseudendoclonium printzii • Dilabifilum arthropyreniae • Chamaepinnularia sp. • Botrydiopsis callosa • Spongiochloris sp. • Stichococcus exiguus • Klebsormidium nitens • Mesotaenium

chlamydosporum • Phycopeltis sp.

Prasiola

Luticola

Pseudendoclonium


Oceanic climate, in Park on Sandstone - Diagnostic species

• Trentepohlia aurea • Trentepohlia iolithus • Parachlorella kessleri • Botrydiopsis sp.

Trentopohlia

Trentopohlia

Parachlorella

Conclusions• Differences among urban habitats and substrata cause the most important changes in species composition and diversity of urban phycoflora (except class Trentepohliophyceae – climatic conditions)

• The climatic conditions (continentality) are important predictors for significant differences in microalgal assemblages

•Diagnostic species were found only for three interpretable assemblages because of suboceanic gradient across Central Europe


Acknowledgements

Project was supported by GA AV ČR

Thanks for your attention


Macroecological and environmental patterns of urban algal biodiversity in Central Europe

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