Algal Products

62

Click here to load reader

description

This is a presentation that discusses Algal products of marine biotechnology.

Transcript of Algal Products

Page 1: Algal Products

ALGAL PRODUCTS

Page 2: Algal Products

ALGAE

•are a diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that are used for various products.

Page 3: Algal Products

2 TYPES OF ALGAE:

•1. MICROALGAE

•green algae

•cyanobacteria

Page 4: Algal Products

•2. MACROALGAE

•seaweeds

Page 5: Algal Products

3 MAJOR GROUPS OF EUKARYOTIC MACROALGAE

•1. Chlorophyta - green

•2. Rhodophyta - red•3. Phaeophyta - brown

Page 6: Algal Products

•MACROALGAE

Page 7: Algal Products

•Algae are harvested in wild as well as produced in culture.

Page 8: Algal Products

•Brown algae or the Kelp is produced and harvested in California.

Page 9: Algal Products

• The CALIFORNIA KELP FOREST called MACROCYSTIS or also known as GIANT KELP can grow up to 30m.

Page 10: Algal Products

KELP•was used as fertilizer, source of potash, and acetone for the production of explosives.

Page 11: Algal Products

KELP• used as food supplement,

an impoprtant source of potassium, iodine, other essential minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins.

Page 12: Algal Products

ALGINATES• are the main structural components of the cell wall and intercellular matrix of brown seaweeds.

Page 13: Algal Products

ALGINATES• they are used as food

thickeners and stabilizers bec. they can retain moisture, assure smooth texture, and uniform thawing of frozen foods.

Page 14: Algal Products

ALGINATES

• added to desserts, dairy products, canned foods, salad dressing, cake mixes, and in beer for foam stabilization.

Page 15: Algal Products

ALGINATES• used in paper coating and

textile printing.

• used in pharmaceuticals like antacids, pill coating, and capsules

• used in cosmetics

Page 16: Algal Products

•FOOD AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ALGINATES

Page 17: Algal Products

WATER HOLDING• maintains smooth and soft

texture

• controls puring consistency

• provides heat-shock protection

Page 18: Algal Products

GELLING• produces clear, firm, stable quick setting colloids that provides unique binding system under a wide range of conditions.

Page 19: Algal Products

EMULSIFYING

•stabilizes various types of dressing

•provides viscosity

Page 20: Algal Products

STABILIZING• prevents freezethaw breakdown

• thickens, controls and provides smooth creamy body.

Page 21: Algal Products

•CULTURING ALGAE

Page 22: Algal Products

• The RED ALGAE Phorphyra or known as NORI has been a food source in Japan for over 400 yrs.

Page 23: Algal Products

RED ALGAE

• It is cultured by collecting reproductive spores and allowing them to grow on horizontal nets and the algae is harvested, dried, and processed.

Page 24: Algal Products

BROWN ALGAE

• The BROWN ALGAE - Undaria or known as WAKAME and Laminaria or known as KOMBU are grown off the coast of Japan and China.

Page 25: Algal Products

BROWN ALGAE

• Wakame and Kombu are grown by seeding the ropes with spores, placing the ropes in tanks and allowing the algae to grow before they are harvested and dried.

Page 26: Algal Products

BROWN ALGAE

•Undaria and Laminaria are used in noodles, soups, salads, and meats

Page 27: Algal Products

• Alginic acids (alginates) from brown algae

• Phycocolloid polysaccharides ( agar and carageenans ) from red algae

--are used in food, industrial products, fertilizers and anergy production.

Page 28: Algal Products

ALGINATES

• textile industry

•foods

•pharmaceuticals

•paper

Page 29: Algal Products

CARAGEENANS

•food extenders such as evapoprated milk. ice cream, toothpaste and in cosmetics.

Page 30: Algal Products

AGARS

• used in pharmaceuticals as a component in capsules holding medications.

• used in scientific laboratories for making gels like gel electrophoresis and solidified culture media.

Page 31: Algal Products

ALGAL CELL CULTURE

•is being examined as a way to increase the yield of products such as agar.

Page 32: Algal Products

•MICROALGAE

Page 33: Algal Products

• comprise a diverse group of both eukaryotic algae like green algae and prokaryotic photosynthetic bacteria like the blue-green algae or the cyanobacteria.

Page 34: Algal Products

MICROALGAE

• are a source of pigments such as :

• PHYCOERYTHRIN

• PHYCOCYANIN

• β- CAROTENE

• ZEAXANTHIN

Page 35: Algal Products

FIVE TYPES OF MICROALGAE

•1. Dunaliella•2. Scenedesmus•3. Spirulina•4. Porphyridium•5. Chlorella

Page 36: Algal Products

MASS CULTURING

•allows large quantities of microalgae to be grown and harvested in outdoor ponds.

Page 37: Algal Products

ARACHIDONIC ACID

• is an essential dietary fatty acid and precursor to prostaglandins and other important compounds.

Page 38: Algal Products

Porphyridium• a natural source which has the highest concentration of arachidonic acid.

• an excellent source of Phycobiliproteins.

Page 39: Algal Products

• PHYCOBILIPROTEINS are pigments involve in algal photosynthesis and can be used as Phycofluors.

Page 40: Algal Products

• PHYCOFLOURS are used to label or tag biologically active molecules such as IMMUNOGLOBIN, PROTEIN A, and BIOTIN.

Page 41: Algal Products

USES OF ALGAE:

•1. Pharmacological potential

•2. Agricultural fertilizer

•3. Energy biomass

•4. Algal cell culture

Page 42: Algal Products

ß- carotene

• found in green plants.•also found in unicellular green algae

Dunaliella salina.

Page 43: Algal Products

FUELS

FROM

ALGAE

Page 44: Algal Products

COAL

• major source of air pollutants contributing to 66% of total sulfur dioxide emission and 36% of greenhouse gases.

Page 45: Algal Products

NON-RENWEABLE FOSSIL FUELS

•provides most of the world's energy amonting to 78%.

Page 46: Algal Products

PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY GENERATED BIOMASS

• an alternative to fossil fuel and a resource that is renweable and will not damage the environment.

Page 47: Algal Products

PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS

• these are small algae and cyanobacteria that takes up carbon dioxide and uses energy from the sun to produce sugars and oxygen.

Page 48: Algal Products

examples:

•1. seaweeds•2. phytoplankton•3. seagrasses

Page 49: Algal Products

Bacteria that can ferment glycerol from Dunaliella biomass to higher energy:

• Klebsiella sp.

• Clostridium pasteurianum

• Bacillus sp.

Page 50: Algal Products

Non-viscous compound that can be used as liquid fuels and have higher energy content than glycerol:

* Ethanol

* Butanol

* 1,3 Propanediol

Page 51: Algal Products

• GASOHOL - a gasoline GASOHOL - a gasoline with an ethanol additive with an ethanol additive produced from the produced from the bacterial fermentation of bacterial fermentation of corn.corn.

Page 52: Algal Products

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ALGAE

•can synthesize gasoline type fuels such as a cyclic hydrocarbon like Alkene and Alkanes.

Page 53: Algal Products

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ALGAE

Examples:

• Brown Algae - macrocystis

• Cyanobacteria - Anacystis nidulans

• -- can already synthesize small amounts of fuels from fatty acids.

Page 54: Algal Products

ALGAL

CELL

CULTURE

Page 55: Algal Products

•used to generate biomass from which cells and metabolites can be isolated.

Page 56: Algal Products

•used to maximize the production of high cost or rare compounds.

Page 57: Algal Products

•culturing often takes place in large ponds or raceways in a fermenter or bioreactor.

Page 58: Algal Products

Macroalgae :

• red algal cell like the valuable agar and agarose ( polysaccharide-containing polymers)

• -- are used in research and diagnostic laboratories.

Page 59: Algal Products

CHLORELLA

•are green algae that produce a large quantity of amino acid that gives 30% more PROLINE.

Page 60: Algal Products

CHLAMYDOMONAS

•green algae that can produce rare amino acid OCTAPAMINE.

Page 61: Algal Products

IMMOBILIZED MICROALGAL CELLS

• produces industrial compounds like dihydroxyacetone, gluconic acid, hydrogen and acetic acid.

Page 62: Algal Products

•THAT'S ALL...... THANK YOU FOR LISTENING....