Lv genset protection

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LV gene ratorprotec tion

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Contents

The Generator Set and Electrical Distribution 3

1.1. The 2 applications 41.1.1. Replacement energy 41.1.2. Energy production 6

1.2. Quality Energy 8

1.3. Services to be provided 10

The Generator Set application in LV 12

2.1. Choice of HV or LV system 12

2.2. Transfer device 132.2.1. Layout of feeders 132.2.2. Sequence 14

Protection and Monitoring of a LV Generator Set 16

3.1. Generator protection 153.1.1. Overload protection 163.1.2. Short-circuit current protection 16

3.2. Downstream LV network protection 183.2.1. Priority circuit protection 193.2.2. Safety of persons 19

3.3. The monitoring functions 193.3.1. Capacitor banks 203.3.2. Motor restart and re-acceleration 203.3.3. Non-linear loads - Example of a UPS 21

3.4. Generator Set parallel connection 253.4.1. Parallel operation 253.4.2. Grounding a parallel-connected Generator Set 26

3.5. The installation standards 273.5.1. Power definition 273.5.2. Safety standard requirements 27

The Schneider protection solution 29

4 .1. Micrologic and generator protection 294.1.1. Long Time Delay protection of the “Inverse Definite MinimumTime Lag” type of phases (3) 294.1.2. Generator protection 30

4.2. Micrologic P & H for generator monitoring 314.2.1. Implementation 314.2.2. The monitoring functions 31

4.3. Micrologic for insulation fault protection 384.3.1. The ground protection 384.3.2. Residual current device (RCD) protection 39

Summary 40

5.1. Diagram 40

5.2. Comments 41

5.3. Summary 42

"Additional technical informations" chapter 43

3

The Generator Set andElectrical DistributionUsers’ LV electrical distribution is normally supplied by an electrical utility bymeans of HV/MV and MV/LV voltage transformers.To ensure better continuity of the electricity supply, the user can implement adirect supply from an independent thermal source (Generator Set or GS) as aReplacement source. On isolated sites or for economic reasons, he can use thisenergy source as the Main source.This Generator Set mainly consists of:b a thermal motorb a generator converting this mechanical energy into electrical energyb an electrical cubicle performing the excitation regulation and control/monitoringfunctions of the various Generator Set components (thermal and electrical).Generator Set installation must conform to installation rules and satisfy the safetyregulations applicable to the premises on which they are installed or to theequipment that they are intended to supply.

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Generator Sets (GS) are used in HVand LV electrical distribution.In LV they are used as:b replacement sourceb safety sourceb sometimes as a ProductionSource.When the need for Energy Quality isessential, the Generator Set isassociated with an UninterruptiblePower Supply (UPS).

The Protection Plan and Monitoringof downstream LV distribution mustbe defined specifically taking thegenerator characteristics intoaccount.

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1.1.The 2 applications

According to the application - Main electrical power supply source (ProductionSet) or Replacement source of the Main source - the sizing characteristics of theGenerator Sets vary (power, output voltage, MV or LV generator, etc.).

1.1.1. Replacement energy

PrincipleAs a Replacement source, the Generator Set operates only should the mainssupply fail.Mains failure can be due to:b a random cause: fault on the networkb a voluntary cause: placing the network out of operation for maintenancepurposes.

OperationIn the Replacement source function, the Generator Set supplies the loads via asource changeover switch.As operation is exceptional, the Generator Set is sized strictly to supply thepower P required. The power of these Generator Sets is rarely greater than anMVA. The power of the Replacement source LV Generator Sets ranges typicallyfrom 250 to 800 kVA.

Mainsource

Replacementsource

NC

MV

NO

LV

GS

NC: normally closed.NO: normally open.

Figure 1 : Replacement source GS.

The Generator Set andElectrical Distribution

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ImplementationThe Generator Sets normally operate independently without connection to themains supply, but can be connected if necessary (parallel-connected GeneratorSet) in the case of high power requirements.


Figure 2 : Block diagram of a high power LV replacement GS.

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GS GS

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1.1.2. Energy production

PrincipleThe Generator Set operates in the “Main” operating mode: it must be able towithstand operating overloads:b one hour overloadb one hour overload every 12 hours (Prime Power)For example: independent energy production for a cement works.

OperationPowers are normally high or very high (up to several tens of MVA).

Note 1: The production source Set can be LV - if it is low or medium power - anddirectly supply a LV/MV step-up transformer. In this case, we can consider thatthe Generator Set management functions, excluding generator protection, are atMV level (Generator Set + MV/LV transformer global function).

HVbusbar

NCLV

LV

HV

GS


Figure 3 : Block diagram of a LV production GS with step-up transformer.

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Note 2: If there is an MV Set in Production, it may be useful to have one or moreReplacement Sets in LV according to network typology (maintenance of network,Production Set, MV fault, etc.) (maintenance du réseau, du Groupe deProduction, défaut HTA, ...).

GSGSGS

MV production setLV replacement set

NC

LVLV

NCNC


Figure 4 : Block diagram of an MV production GS with LV replacement GS.

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1.2.Quality Energy

To supply sensitive loads (computer, etc.), a quality energy must be implementedthat is free from breaking and with a perfectly regulated voltage.A number of systems can be used to ensure break-free switching. Thesesystems are implemented in the LV system:b reversible synchronous machinethe Set generator is permanently connected to the mains supply:v when operating in the Main function, it operates as a synchronous motor drivingits inertia flywheelv when operating in the Replacement function. When the Mains supply fails, thesynchronous machine, driven by its flywheel, starts to operate as a generator.The Set’s thermal motor starts (off-load) and automatically connects as soon as itreaches its speed at the generator.When the Main source is restored, the Set is then synchronised on the Mainsource, the Main source circuit-breaker closes and the thermal motor isdisengaged and stopped.

Electrical utility network

SNmainsource

Synchronousmachine(compensatoror generator)

Flywheel

Magneticcoupling

Thermalmotor

NCNC

Backed upfeeders

Non-backed upfeeders


Figure 5 : Block diagram of a reversible synchronous machine.

This type of solution is not very common as it is relatively expensive toimplement.b generator Set associated with a UPSthe generator set ensures continuity of the electrical supply. Electrical supplyinvolves breaking (from a few minutes to a few seconds). Energy Quality(elimination of outages/brownouts and waveform) is obtained by anUninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) - equipped with a battery- which continuallysupplies sensitive loads in LV.This type of solution is advantageous as it provides sensitive loads with qualityenergy during use on a Main or Replacement source.


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Replacement Set or Safety Set.The same functions are required:ensure continuity of the electricalsupply should the main source fail.However, a Safety Set must satisfyfar more exacting operatingrequirements in order to guaranteesafety of the electrical installation atall costs.

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Electrical utilityHV incomer

NC

Mains 1feeder

Mains 2feeder

Sensitive feeders

Uninterruptiblepower supply

Non-sensitiveload


Figure 6 : Replacement GS and UPS.

Note: for very sensitive applications, should the UPS stop, the operator can asknot to be switched to the MS in operation on Generator Set. In this case the MS isreplaced by a redundant UPS.This system is naturally compulsory if frequency of the upstream (source) anddownstream (application) networks is different (for example source in 50 Hz,application in 60 Hz).

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1.3.Services to be provided

According to the choice of customer or the type of risk anticipated, the GeneratorSet is defined in priority as:

Safety Source onlyA separate Set manages the Replacement Source function. Safety regulations,mainly concerning buildings open to the general public such as hospitals, publicbuildings, etc. define in detail electrical distribution for safety equipment(emergency lighting, fume extraction, etc.).These regulations aim at:b providing fire protection (defective main source, supply of extinguishing means)b evacuating people in the best possible conditions (emergency lighting,evacuation path, elevator supply, etc.).The Safety Set only supplies the loads necessary for the Safety function.

NC

Semi-lighting1

Semi-lighting2

Fumes extraction, elevator,water supply, telecommunication,other specific equipment

Otherinstallation

SafetyMain or replacement

Electrical safety supply

Safetysource

GS

Replacementsource

Mainsource

NC

NCNC

Safetyswitchboard

Main safetyswitchboard

Safety

Main


Figure 7 : Block diagram of an installation with a replacement GS and a safety GS.

Note: the various switches can be replaced by circuit-breakers if required bytheir need for protection.


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Replacement SourceThe Set’s purpose is to perform process controlled shutdown correctly. The“energy quality” function, if necessary, is taken into account thanks to supplyingof sensitive loads via an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) downstream fromthe Set.The Set can be specifically dedicated to the Replacement source function, but itis allowed to operate as a Safety source if the specific Safety functionrequirements are fully satisfied: for example maximum time of 10 s to obtainvoltage and frequency.This allows more frequent operation of these Sets and thus allows them to bemore operational if necessary.

Autonomous Production SourceAs a rule the set is implemented:b to supply electrical power at lesser cost (isolated site)b to guard against serious long-term energy downtime risks (areas with seismicrisks, etc.).

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2.1. Choice of HV or LV system

Supply voltage is chosen mainly with respect to Generator Set powerrequirements.

Generator Set as HV sourceThe Generator Set is normally a generator activated by a diesel motor or a gasturbine.The production Set application, requiring high installed powers, is thus normallycarried out using the MV system.

Generator Set as LV sourceThe Generator Set is normally a generator activated by a diesel motor.

The following table summarises the system choice criteria:

criteria LV HV comments

power < 2500 kVA > 2500 kVA

facility +++ +

regulations ++

LV Generator Set applicationsLV Generator Sets are mainly used:b to supply safety equipmentb to replace the Main sourceb to supply temporary installationsThe sectors of activity where it is necessary to have a Replacement and/orSafety source, are very vast ranging from Tertiary to Industry.The following table lists the main application sectors:

tertiary industrial

hospitals process,computer Centre (bank, etc.) cement works (furnacepublic building motor), …

The Generator SetApplication in LV

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A LV Generator Set normally has apower of less than 2 500 kVA: thetypical value is around 800 kVA.The LV Generator Set is mainlyused as a replacement and/orsafety source. The main source isswitched to the replacement source:b with load-shedding of non-priorityloadsb by means of an automatic sourcechangeover switch controlled byvoltage.

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2.2. Transfer device

It is interesting to make the source transfer (or source switching) device usingstandard switchgear, adding specific features. Thus the devices will be:b withdrawable for easier maintenanceb electrically and mechanically lockedFor implementation, the distribution architecture and transfer sequence must bestudied.

2.2.1. Layout of feedersAs a rule it is not necessary to back up the entire installation. An economicmeasure is to size the Generator Set for supply of the priority feeders only.For example: sizing the Generator Set at 700 kW for a LV distribution of 2000 kVA(only one third of feeders are considered priority).Transfer of load supply to the replacement source can be considered in 2 ways.

Transfer with load-shedding of non-priority loadsPriority and non-priority loads are not specifically grouped: management (load-shedding) of loads must be performed by a dedicated automation device or relay.This configuration type requires a management auxiliary but is easier to modify orupgrade.

NC

GS

MV

LV

Main LV board

Load-shedding

Non-priority Priority


Figure 8 : Management of priorities by load-shedding.

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Transfer for priority feeders onlyPriority feeders are directly grouped at a specific busbar in this system. Thissystem requires no management auxiliaries.

GS

MV

LV

NC

NC

D1 D2

NO

Main/Standby

Non-priority circuits Priority circuits

Source 1


Figure 9 : Management of priorities by grouping.

The Generator SetApplication in LV

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2.2.2. SequenceMain source / Generator Set transferTransfer generally takes place with a short break (a few seconds) the timerequired to start the Generator Set and to switch over:b switching to Generator Set sequencev loss of mains voltage at TA

- load-shedding of non-priority feeders (if necessary) and important feedersv after time delay starting of Generator Set at TB

v on appearance of Generator Set voltage at TC

- opening of Main source circuit-breakerv closing of Replacement source circuit-breaker (Generator Set) at TD

v sequenced restoration of important feedersb switching to Main source sequencev restoration of mains voltage at TA

v after time delay at T'B- opening of Replacement source circuit-breaker- restoration of non-priority feedersv closing of Main source circuit-breaker at T'Cv stopping of Generator Set at T'D.

Main Replacement Main

Figure 11 : Type 3 chronogram.

Transfer of loads on the Generator Set, the Replacement source, impliesconsideration of the generator’s specific characteristics. This takes the form of anadditional study concerning:b the protection plan (setting and discrimination)b load management (putting back into operation)b supply of sensitive and non-linear loadsIn addition, to ensure optimised operation and maintenance, it is important toimplement additional monitoring and supervision functions (frequency and voltagemonitoring, phase unbalance, etc.).

Note: return to the Main source can be performed using a synchrocoupler toensure switching without voltage breaking.

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Figure 10 : Block diagram.

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3.1. Generator protection

The following diagram shows the electrical sizing parameters of a Generator Set.Pn, Un and In are, respectively, the power of the thermal motor, the rated voltageand the rated current of the generator.

Thermalmotor

Figure 12: Block diagram of a Generator Set.

Nota 1 : Also remember that Generator Set sizing is optimised, i.e. that Pn isnormally around one third of normal installed power.

3.1.1. Overload protectionThe generator protection curve must be analysed.

Overloads

Figure 13: Example of an overload curve T=f(I).

Standards and requirements of applications can also stipulate specific overloadconditions:For example:

I / In t

1.1 > 1 h1.5 30 s

The setting possibilities of the overload protection devices (or Long TimeDelay) will closely follow these requirements.

Note on overloadsb for economic reasons, the thermal motor of a Replacement Set may be strictlysized for its nominal power. If there is an active power overload, the diesel motorwill stall. The active power balance of the priority loads must take this into accountb a production Set must be able to withstand operating overloads:v one hour overloadv one hour overload every 12 hours (Prime Power).(see chapter 3.5 “The installation standards” )

Protection and Monitoringof a LV Generator Set

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A Generator Set has specificoverload and short-circuit withstandcharacteristics as a result of thehigh generator reactances.This has the followingconsequences:b for protection of people andequipment, specific circuit-breakersettings providing both protection ofthe installation set and co-ordination with the downstreamprotection devices.b for proper operation on duty of themonitoring functions preventingmalfunctions and ensuring alarmmanagement if necessary in eventof:v non-linear loads (harmonics)v loads with a high energisingcurrent (motors, LV/LV transformers,etc.)v parallel-connection of GeneratorSetsv operation in prolonged overloadconditions (Standby Set).Standards specify the specificpower available according to thetype of application of a GeneratorSet - production, transfer, standby.

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3.1.2. Short-circuit current protection

3.1.2.1. Making the short-circuit currentThe short-circuit current is the sum:b of an aperiodic currentb of a damped sinusoidal current.The short-circuit current equation shows that it is made according to threephases.

I rms 1subtransientconditions

2transient

conditions

3steady stateconditions

generator withcompoundexcitation orover-excitation

generator withserial exitation

T (s)faultappears

10 to 20 ms 0.1 to 0.3 s

Figure 14: Short-circuit current level during the 3 phases.

Subtransient phaseWhen a short-circuit appears at the terminals of a generator, the current is firstmade at a relatively high value of around 6 to 12 ln during the first cycle(0 to 20 milliseconds).The amplitude of the short-circuit output current is defined by three parameters:b the subtransient reactance of the generatorb the level of excitation prior to the time of the fault andb the impedance of the faulty circuit.The short-circuit impedance of the generator to be considered is the subtransientreactance expressed as a % of Uo (phase-to-neutral voltage) by themanufacturer x”d. The typical value is 10 to 15 %.We determine the subtransient short-circuit impedance of the generator:

X"d U2nS

x"d100

= where S = 3UNIN.

Transient phaseThe transient phase is placed 100 to 500 ms after the time of the fault. Startingfrom the value of the fault current of the subtransient period, the current drops to1.5 to 2 times the current ln.The short-circuit impedance to be considered for this period is the transientreactance expressed as a % Uo by the manufacturer x'd. The typical value is 20to 30 %.

Steady state phaseThe steady state occurs above 500 ms.When the fault persists, Set output voltage collapses and the exciter regulationseeks to raise this output voltage. The result is a stabilised sustained short-circuitcurrent:b if generator excitation does not increase during a short-circuit (no field over-excitation) but is maintained at the level preceding the fault, the current stabilisesat a value that is given by the synchronous reactance Xd of the generator. Thetypical value of xd is greater than 200 %. Consequently, the final current will beless than the full-load current of the generator, normally around 0.5 ln.b If the generator is equipped with maximum field excitation (field overriding) orwith compound excitation, the excitation “surge” voltage will cause the faultcurrent to increase for 10 seconds, normally to 2 to 3 times the full-load currentof the generator.

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3.1.2.2. Calculating the short-circuit currentManufacturers normally specify the impedance values and time constantsrequired for analysis of operation in transient or steady state conditions.

Impedance table: Leroy Somer generator

(kVA) 75 200 400 800 1600 2500

x"d (%) 10.5 10.4 12.9 10.5 18.8 19.1

x'd (%) 21 15.6 19.4 18 33.8 30.2

x'd (%) 280 291 358 280 404 292

Resistances are always negligible compared with reactances.The parameters for the short-circuit current study are:

Value of the short-circuit current at generator terminalsShort-circuit current strength in transient conditions is:

ors s

UN is the generator output phase-to-phase voltage (Main source).

Note: this value can be compared with the short-circuit current at the terminalsof a transformer. Thus, for the same power, currents in event of a short-circuitclose to a generator will be 5 to 6 times weaker than those that may occur with atransformer (main source).This difference is accentuated further still by the fact that generator set power isnormally less than that of the transformer.

Example

GS

MV

LV

NC

NC

Main/standby

Non-priority circuits Priority circuits


Figure 15.

When the LV network is supplied by the Main source 1 of 2000 kA, the short-circuit current is 42 kA at the main LV board busbar. When the LV network issupplied by the Replacement Source 2 of 500 kVA with transient reactance of30 %, the short-circuit current is made at approx. 2.5 kA, i.e. at a value 16 timesweaker than with the Main source.


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3.2. Downstream LV network protection

3.2.1. Priority circuit protection

Choice of breaking capacityThis must be systematically checked with the characteristics of the main source(HV/LV transformer).

Choice and setting of the Short Time Delay releasesb subdistribution boardsthe ratings of the protection devices for the subdistribution and final distributioncircuits are always lower than Generator Set rated current. Consequently, exceptin special cases, conditions are similar to supply by the transformer.b main LV switchboardv the sizing of the main feeder protection devices is normally similar to that of theGenerator Set. Setting of the STD must allow for the short-circuit characteristic ofthe Generator Set (see 3.1.2.).v discrimination of protection devices on the priority feeders must be provided ingenerator set operation (it can even be compulsory for safety feeders).It is necessary to check proper staggering of STD setting of the protectiondevices of the main feeders with that of the subdistribution protection devicesdownstream (normally set for distribution circuits at 10 ln).

Note: when operating on the Generator Set, use of a low sensitivity RCDenables management of the insulation fault and ensures very simplediscrimination.

3.2.2. Safety of peopleIn the IT (2nd fault) and TN grounding systems, protection of people againstindirect contacts is provided by the STD protection of circuit-breakers. Theiroperation on a fault must be ensured, whether the installation is supplied by theMain source (Transformer) or by the Replacement source (Generator Set).

Calculating the insulation fault currentZero-sequence reactance formulated as a % of Uo by the manufacturer x’o.The typical value is 8 %.The phase-to-neutral single-phase short-circuit current is given by:

The insulation fault current in the TN system is slightly greater than the three-phase fault current: for example, in event of an insulation fault on the system inthe previous example, the insulation fault current is equal to 3 kA.

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3.3.The monitoring functions

Due to the specific characteristics of the generator and its regulation, the properoperating parameters of the Generator Set must be monitored when specialloads are implemented.The behaviour of the generator is different from that of the transformer:b the active power it supplies is optimised for a power factor = 0.8b at less than power factor 0.8, the generator may, by increased excitation,supply part of the reactive power.

3.3.1. Capacitor bankAn off-load generator connected to a capacitor bank may self-arc, consequentlyincreasing its overvoltage.The capacitor banks used for power factor regulation must therefore bedisconnected. This operation can be performed by sending the stopping setpointto the regulator (if it is connected to the system managing the source switchings)or by opening the circuit-breaker supplying the capacitors.If capacitors continue to be necessary, do not use regulation of the power factorrelay in this case (incorrect and over-slow setting).

3.3.2. Motor restart and re-accelerationA generator can supply at most in transient period a current of between 3 and 5times its nominal current.A motor absorbs roughly 6 ln for 2 to 20 s during start-up.If Σ Pmotors is high, simultaneous start-up of loads generates a high pick-upcurrent that can be damaging: large voltage drop, due to the high value of theGenerator Set transient and subtransient reactances (20 % to 30 %), with a riskof:b non-starting of motorsb temperature rise linked to the prolonged starting time due to the voltage dropb tripping of the thermal protection devices.Moreover, the network and the actuators are disturbed by the voltage drop.

ApplicationA generator supplies a set of motors.Generator short-circuit characteristics: PN = 130 kVA at a power factor of 0.8,ln = 150 AX’d = 20 % (for example) hence lsc = 750 A.b the Σ Pmotors is 45 kW (45 % of generator power)Calculating voltage drop at start-up:Σ Motors = 45 kW, lM = 81 A, hence a starting current ld = 480 A for 2 to 20 s.Voltage drop on the busbar for simultaneous motor starting:

≈I N- I d

I cc- I N

∆U

U en %

∆U ≈ 55 %which is not supportable for motors (failure to start).b the Σ Pmotors is 20 kW (20 % of generator power)Calculating voltage drop at start-up:Σ Motors = 20 kW, lM = 35 A, hence a starting current ld = 210 A for 2 to 20 s.Voltage drop on the busbar:

≈I N- I d

I cc- I N

∆U

U en %

∆U ≈ 10 %which is supportable but high.


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GS

Remote control 2

Remote control 1

Priority

motors

Priority

resistive loads

Figure 16: Restarting of priority motors (Σ P > 1/3 Pn).

Restarting tips:b if the Pmax of the largest motor > 1/3 Pn, a progressive starter must beinstalled on this motorb if Σ Pmotors > 1/3 Pn, motor cascade restarting must be managed by a PLCb if Σ Pmotors < 1/3 Pn, there are no restarting problems.

3.3.3. Non-linear loads - Example of a UPSNon-linear loadsThese are mainly:b saturated magnetic circuitsb discharge lamps, fluorescent lightsb electronic converters:v computer processing systems: PC, computers, etc.v etc.These loads generate harmonic currents: supplied by a Generator Set, this cancreate high voltage distortion due to the low short-circuit power of the generator.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)The combination of a UPS and generator set is the best solution for ensuringquality power supply with long autonomy for the supply of sensitive loads.It is also a non-linear load due to the input rectifier. On source switching, theautonomy of the UPS on battery must allow starting and connection of theGenerator Set.

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Electrical utilityHV incomer

NC

Mains 1feeder

Mains 2feeder

Sensitive feeders

Uninterruptiblepower supply

Non-sensitiveload

Figure 17 : GS-UPS combination for Quality Energy.

UPS powerUPS inrush power must allow for:b nominal power of the downstream loads. This is the sum of the apparentpowers Pa absorbed by each application. Furthermore, so as not to oversize theinstallation, the overload capacities at UPS level must be considered (forexample: 1.5 ln for 1 minute and 1.25 ln for 10 minutes).b the power required to recharge the battery: this current is proportional to theautonomy required for a given power. The sizing Sr of a UPS is given by:Sr = 1.17 x Pn.The table below defines the pick-up currents and protection devices for supplyingthe rectifier (Mains 1) and the standby mains (Mains 2).

Table: pick-up currents and protection devices

nominal power current value (A)

Pn mains 1 with 3Ph battery mains 2 or 3Ph application400 V - l1 400 V lu

40 kVA 86 60.5

60 kVA 123 91

80 kVA 158 121

100 kVA 198 151

120 kVA 240 182

160 kVA 317 243

200 kVA 395 304

250 kVA 493 360

300 kVA 590 456

400 kVA 793 608

500 kVA 990 760

600 kVA 1180 912

800 kVA 1648 1215

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Short-circuit downstream of a UPSThe UPS use PWM switch mode power supply to reproduce the output voltage.As a rule their current regulation will limit current to 1.5 times ln. The output filterwill be able to supply for 1/4 of a period loads at 4 or 5 times ln: this may besufficient to selectively eliminate short-circuits on small feeders and thusguarantee continuity of supply.On the other hand, on large feeders, as current is limited, the short-circuit mayremain steady and the UPS immediately switches to the standby supply sourceto increase short-circuit current and ensure tripping of the downstream protectiondevices.

Generator Set/UPS combinationb restarting the Rectifier on a Generator SetThe UPS rectifier can be equipped with a progressive starting system of thecharger to prevent harmful pick-up currents when installation supply switches tothe Generator Set.

Mains1

GS starting

UPS chargerstarting

5 to 10 s

Figure 18: Progressive starting of a type 2 UPS rectifier.

b harmonics and voltage distortiontotal voltage distortion t is defined by:

τ(%) = Uh2

n

Ufwhere Uhn is the n order voltage harmonic.This value depends on:v the harmonic currents generated by the rectifier (proportional to the power Sr ofthe rectifier)v the longitudinal subtransient reactance X”d of the generatorv the power Sg of the generator.

We define U'Rcc (%) = X"d SR

SG

the generator relative short-circuit voltage,

brought to rectifier poweri.e. τ = f(U’RCC ).

Note 1: as subtransient reactance is great, harmonic distortion is normally toohigh compared with the tolerated value (7 to 8 %) for reasonable economic sizingof the generator: use of a suitable filter is an appropriate and cost-effectivesolution.

Note 2: harmonic distortion is not harmful for the rectifier but may be harmful forthe other loads supplied in parallel on the rectifier.

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ApplicationA chart is used to find the distortion t as a function of U’

RCC

Without filter

With filter(incorporated)

(voltage harmonic distortion)

Figure 19 : Chart for calculating type 3 harmonic distortion.

The chart gives:b either t as a function of U’RCC

b or U’RCC as a function of τFrom which Generator Set sizing, Sg, is determined.

Exampleb generator sizingv 300 kVA UPS without filter, subtransient reactance of 15 %The power Sr of the rectifier is Sr = 1.17 x 300 kVA = 351 kVAFor a τ < 7 %, the chart gives U’RCC = 4 %, power Sg is:

SG = 351 x 15

4= 1 400 kVA

v 300 kVA UPS with filter, subtransient reactance of 15 %For τ = 5 %, the calculation gives U’RCC = 12 %, power Sg is:

SG = 351 x 15

12= 500 kVA

Note: with an upstream transformer of 630 kVA on the 300 kVA UPS without filter,the 5 % ratio would be obtained.The result is that operation on Generator Set must be continually monitored forharmonic currents.If voltage harmonic distortion is too great, use of a filter on the network is themost effective solution to bring it back to values that can be tolerated by sensitiveloads.


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3.4.Generator Set parallel-connection

Parallel-connection of the Generator Set irrespective of the application type -Safety source, Replacement source or Production source - requires finermanagement of connection, i.e. additional monitoring functions.

3.4.1. Parallel operationAs Generator Sets generate energy in parallel on the same load, they must besynchronised properly (voltage, frequency) and load distribution must bebalanced properly. This function is performed by the regulator of each GeneratorSet (thermal and excitation regulation). The parameters (frequency, voltage) aremonitored before connection: if the values of these parameters are correct,connection can take place.

3.4.1.1. Insulation faultsAn insulation fault inside the metal casing of a generator set may seriouslydamage the generator of this set if the latter resembles a phase-to-neutral short-circuit. The fault must be detected and eliminated quickly, else the othergenerators will generate energy in the fault and trip on overload: installationcontinuity of supply will no longer be guaranteed. Ground Fault Protection (GFP)built into the generator circuit is used to:b quickly disconnect the faulty generator and preserve continuity of supplyb act at the faulty generator control circuits to stop it and reduce the risk ofdamage.This GFP is of the “Residual sensing” type and must be installed as close aspossible to the protection device as per a TN-C/TN-S* system at each generatorset with grounding of frames by a separate PE.

* The system is in TN-C for sets seen as the “generator” and in TN-S for sets seen as “loads”.

RS RS

N

PE

PE

PE

PhasesPEN PE PEN

generator no. 1 generator no. 2

protectedarea

unprotectedarea

Figure 20.

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Protection and Monitoringof a LV Generator Set3.4.1.2. Generator Set faults as a loadOne of the parallel-connected Generator Sets may no longer operate as agenerator but as a motor (by loss of its excitation for example). This maygenerate overloading of the other Generator Set(s) and thus place the electricalinstallation out of operation.To check that the Generator Set really is supplying the installation with power(operation as a generator), you need to check the proper flow direction of energyon the coupling busbar using a specific “reverse power” check. Should a faultoccur, i.e. the Set operates as a motor, this function will eliminate the faulty Set.

SetSet.

MV incomer

HV busbar

LV

GS

Figure 21: Energy transfer direction - GS as a generator.

GS

LV

HV busbar

MV incomer

Figure 22: Energy transfer direction - GS as a load.

3.4.2. Grounding parallel-connected Generator SetsGrounding of connected Generator Sets may lead to circulation of earth faultcurrents (3rd order and multiple of 3 harmonics) by connection of Neutrals forcommon grounding (grounding system of the TN or TT type). Consequently, toprevent these currents from flowing between the Generator Sets, we recommendthat you install a decoupling resistance in the grounding circuit.

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3.5.The installation standards

There are no specific electrical installation rules for Generator Sets performingReplacement or Production functions.Continuity of supply requirements must be taken into account for Safety Sets.For mobile Sets, installation of residual current protection at 30 mA may berequired to guarantee safety of people whatever the connection.

3.5.1. Power definitionThe notion of active power delivered is defined by thermal motor sizing. StandardISO 3046-1 for diesel motors states three alternatives for defining nominal powerand specifies the overload capacity definition. The notion of power is thus definedby:

b continuous powerthe motor can supply 100 % of its nominal power for an unlimited period of time.This is the notion used for a Production Set.

b prime Power (PP)the motor can supply a basic power for an unlimited period of time and 100 % ofnominal power for a specific period of time. Both period and basic power varyaccording to the manufacturer. A typical example would be a basic power of 70 %of nominal power and 100 % of nominal load for 500 hours a year.Overload capacity: this is defined by 10 % of additional power for 1 hour in aperiod of 12 operating hours.

b standby powerthis is the maximum power that the machine can deliver over a limited period,normally less than 500 hours a year. This definition must only be applied togenerator sets operating solely as standby sets. As the motor is not able tosupply greater power, a safety factor of at least 10 % must be applied todetermine necessary standby power. If nominal power is determined by standbypower, there is no more margin left for overload.

Thus, the same diesel set can be defined by:b a continuous power of 1550 kWb a prime power PP of 1760 kW andb a standby power of 1880 kW.

3.5.1.1. Protection device settingsAvailable power values and tolerated overload times must be considered tocalculate installation sizing and protection device settings. This can be specifiedby installation standards.For example, even if the NEC (National Electrical Code - US Standard in Section445-4 (a)) does not indicate a precise acceptable overload percentage, thevalues normally specified for generator protection range between 100 % and125 % of generator nominal current at nominal power and at nominal power factor(typically for 0.8). Moreover, Section 445-4 (a) to (e) EX. allows a 100 %overshoot of nominal current for more than 60 seconds.

3.5.2. Safety standard requirements

3.5.2.1. Protection device discriminationIn safety terms, electrical installation standards can recommend selective trippingof protection devices for all circuits supplying equipment:b safety equipment (fire pump, smoke extraction motor, etc.)b or for which interruption in energy supply would generate a serious risk.For example, the NEC requires co-ordination of protection devices for mostelevator supply circuits (Section 620-62). Furthermore, section 4-5-1 ofpublication NFPA (1) 1110, Emergency and Stand-by Power Systems, requiresthat manufacturers “optimise selective tripping of Short-Circuit ProtectionDevices”.

(1) Publication of the National Association of Fire Protection

28

Protection and Monitoringof a LV Generator Set3.5.2.2. Alarm processingA Safety set must never stop, but must supply safety equipment and anti-panicdevices even if this means damage to itself.On the other hand, safety regulations will require increasingly rigorous preventivemaintenance of the Set to ensure safer operation. Consequently, certain thermalmotor alarms - water temperature, oil temperature, oil level - or generator alarms- temperature, overloads - must not cause the Safety Set to trip but must belocked to ensure maintenance or subsequent repairs once installation supplyswitches back to the Main Source.

29

The Schneiderprotection solution

4 .1. Micrologic and generator protection

With respect to generator protection, the Micrologic releases of the MasterpactNT, NW and Compact NS ranges allow optimised settings for fine generatorprotection.

4.1.1. Long Time Delay protection of the “InverseDefinite Minimum Time Lag” type of phases (3)The Micrologic P and H include in the microprocessor the various IDMTL typecurves. These curves of variable slope are used to enhance:b discrimination with fuses placed upstream (HV) of the power circuit-breakerb co-ordination with the MV protection relays that may be of the IDMTL typeb protection of specific applications.

Five slopes are proposed:b definite Time DTb standard inverse time SIT, curve in i0.5tb very inverse time VIT, curve in itb extremely inverse time EIT, curve in l2tb high voltage fuse HVF, curve in i4t

The slope is calculated as per the formula:

)(( ) .

Tr =time delay bandB = type of curve DT, SIT, VIT, EIT, HVF

For the various time delay bands and slopes, the tripping thresholds in secondsat 1.5 lr are as follows:

time delay 0,5 s 1 s 2 s 4 s 8 s 12 s 16 s 20 s 24 sband

DT 0,5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24SIT 3,2 6,4 12,9 25,8 51,6 77,4 103 129 155VIT 5 10 20 40 80 120 160 200 240EIT 14 28 56 112 224 336 448 560 672

HVF 159 319 637 1300 2600 3800 5100 6400 7700

b intermittent overloads and IDMTL slopesAs long as the circuit-breaker remains closed, the intermittent overloads aretaken into account to simulate their effects on the conductors. This functionoptimises the circuit-breaker tripping time.

In s

hort

Via the Micrologic releases of theMasterpact and Compact NS circuit-breaker ranges, Schneider hastaken into account the specificfeatures of the set generators.These devices perform:b the essential protection functionsb additional monitoring functionssuch as measurement of relevantproper operation parametersb connection functions, …This switchgear guaranteesoptimised continuity of supply foroperators.

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4.1.2. Generator protectionThe many setting possibilities of the LTD protection slope allow the generatorthermal overload curve to be followed closely. The low setting of the STDprotection is compatible with the short-circuit behaviour of the generator.Optimised protection of the generator thanks to the Micrologic releases of the NT,NW and Compact NS ranges guarantees optimum continuity of supply.

Figure 23: Masterpact NW/NT and Compact NS overload curves.

Generator overloadconditions

Circuit-breaker VITprotection curve

Generatorshort-circuitconditions

Figure 24: IDMTL curves and generator overload curve.

.


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4.2.Micrologic P & H for generatormonitoring

The Micrologic P and H incorporate other current, voltage, power and frequencyprotection and/or monitoring functions suited to loads such as motors, generatorsand transformers.

4.2.1. ImplementationIn the control unit “setting” menu, the operator selectors the functions that hewishes to activate and accesses the various thresholds to be configured.All the settings are made via the keys available on the front face or by remotetransmission.For all functions, except for phase rotation direction, four thresholds must be set:b activation threshold (1)b activation time delay (2)b de-activation threshold (3)b de-activation time delay (4).

Activationthreshold

De-activationthreshold

Relayoutput

Activationtime delay

De-activationtime delay

Figure 25.

When the function is activated, according to operator configuration, it can resulteither in tripping or in an alarm, or in both.

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4.2.2. The monitoring functions

4.2.1.1. Current unbalanceb application:the acceptable values for current negative phase sequence components areapproximately:v 15 % for generatorsv 20 % for motorsAs current unbalance effects are thermal and thus slow, the tripping threshold forthis protection must be configured according to the thermal time constant of theequipment (a few minutes).It can be used as an alarm to allow better distribution of single-phase loads.

I mean

Figure 26.

b principle:the function compares a current unbalance to the threshold previously set by theuser. The current unbalance Dl is the value as a % of the difference, E max,between maximum current and mean current, lmean.Imean = (I1+I2+I3)/3.Emax = max (Ii) - Imean.∆I = Emax/Imean.The activation and de-activation thresholds, configured by the user, are a % ofImean:∆l = 5 % represents a relatively small unbalance (l1 = 4000 A, l2 = 3800 A, l3 =3600 A).∆l = 90 % represents a strongly unbalanced power supply (l1 = 4000 A, l2 = 1200A, l3 = 1120 A).

Example 1: I1 = 4000 A, I2 = 2000 A, I3 = 3300 A.Imean = 3100 A.Emax = I2 - Imoy.∆I = Emax/Imean, ∆I = 35 %.

Nota : calculation of current (or voltage) unbalance in HV distribution is normallyused: Iunbal(%) = 100 x (Iinverse)/(Idirect)Micrologic calculates current unbalance as per the formula:Iunbal(%) = 100 x (lmax)/(lmean)Both calculation modes yield similar results.

b current unbalance setting:

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 5 à 60 % of Imean 1 % -10 % to 0 %thresholdactivation 1 to 40 s 1 s -20 % to 0 %time delayde-activation -5 % to 0 % of 1 % -10 % to 0 %threshold activation thresholdde-activation 10 to 360 s 1 s -20 % to 0 %time delay

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4.2.2.2. Overcurrentb application:overcurrent protection is suitable for:v monitoring cyclic loads (prevent temperature rise of loads, etc.)v managing consumption (guard against overshoots).

I consumed

I sizing

Activation

1 h

Ta = activation time delayTd = de-activation time delay

Figure 27: Consumption monitoring.

This is used to calculate the mean value of consumed current. It can deliver aload shedding order to remain within the limits:v of the supplier’s contract - Main source -v or of delivered power - Replacement source.It provides thermal type protection for each phase and for the neutral (drytransformers).

b principle:this function calculates the mean value of each current of the three phases andthe neutral over a time programmable between 5 minutes and one hour and overa sliding window refreshed every 15 seconds.

b overcurrent setting

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 0.2 to 10 In 1 A ± 6.6 %thresholdactivation 1500 s 15 s -20 % to 0 %time delayde-activation 0.2 to 10 In of 1 A ± 6.6 %threshold activation thresholdde-activation 10 to 3000 s 15 s -20 % to 0 %time delay

4.2.2.3. Voltage unbalanceb application:detection of voltage unbalance or loss.Voltage unbalance protection is more suitable to the installation as a whole,whereas current unbalance protection is more suitable for loads.This is because voltage unbalance will affect all the feeders of this installation,while current unbalance may vary according to its position in the installation.

b principle:the function compares voltage unbalance to the threshold set beforehand by theuser.Voltage unbalance DU is the value as a % of the difference, E max, betweenmaximum voltage and the mean value of the phase-to-phase voltages, Umean.Umean = (U12 + U23 + U31)/3.Emax = max(Ui) - Umean.DU= Emax/Umean.

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The Schneiderprotection solutionThe activation and de-activation thresholds, configured by the user, are a % of Umax:∆U = 5 % represents a relatively small unbalance∆U = 90 % represents a strongly unbalanced power supply

ExampleCase similar to a phase loss associated with unbalance on the other phases.U12 = 330 V, U23 = 390 V, U31 = 10 V.Umean = 243,3 V.Emax = U31 - Umean.∆U = Emax/Umean, ∆U = 96 %.

b voltage unbalance setting:

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 2 à 30 % of Umean 1 % -10 % to 0 %thresholdactivation 1 to 40 s 1 s -20 % to 0 %time delayde-activation 2 % of activation 1 % -10 % to 0 %threshold thresholdde-activation 10 to 360 s 1 s -20 % to 0 %time delay

4.2.2.4. Overvoltage and undervoltageb application:the overvoltage and undervoltage protections can be used to:v check output voltage of a generatorv prevent transformer saturation (overvoltage)v switch from the Main to the Replacement sourcev prevent temperature rise on motor starting (undervoltage)

Note: in actual fact, voltage drops and rises seriously affect the performance ofthe loads supplied (see motor characteristics table below).

Voltage variation as a %Motor characteristics Un -10 % Un -5 % Un Un +5 % Un+10%Torque curve 0,81 0,90 1 1,10 1,21Slipping 1,23 1,11 1 0,91 0,83Nominal current 1,10 1,05 1 0,98 0,98Nominal efficiency 0,97 0,98 1 1,00 0,98Nominal power factor 1,03 1,02 1 0,97 0,94Starting current 0,90 0,95 1 1,05 1,10Nominal temp. rise 1,18 1,05 1 1 1,10Off-load P (Watt) 0,85 0,92 1 1,12 1,25

b principle:the function is activated when one of the three phase-to-phase voltages (U12,U23, U31) is below (or above) the threshold set by the user for a time longer thanthe time delay. It is de-activated when the 3 phase-to-phase voltages move backabove (or below) the de-activation threshold for a time longer than the time delay.

U max.

U12 U23 U31

U min.

Figure 28.

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b undervoltage setting:

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 100 à 690 V 5 V 0 % to 5 %thresholdactivation 0.2 to 5 s 0.1 s 0 % to 20 %time delayde-activation 690 V of activation 5 V 0 % to 5 %threshold thresholdde-activation 0.2 to 36 s 0.1 s 0 % to 20 %time delay

b overvoltage setting:

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 100 à 1200 V 5 V -5 % to 0 %thresholdactivation 0.2 to 5 s 0.1 s 0 % to 20 %time delayde-activation 100 V of activation 5 V -5 % to 0 %threshold thresholdde-activation 0.2 to 36 s 0.1 s 0 % to 20 %time delay

4.2.2.5 Reverse active powerb applicationreverse power protection is used to protect generators connected with the mains(as an auxiliary or standby source) and generators operating in parallelautonomously (e.g. marine).

NoteFor protection of generators driven by diesel sets, the threshold must be setbetween 5 and 20 % of generator active power for a period of 2 seconds.For protection of generators driven by steam turbines, the threshold must be setbetween 1 and 5 % of active power for a period of 2 seconds

b principle:the function is activated when the active power flowing in the opposite flowdirection to the energy defined by the user, is greater than the activationthreshold for a time longer than the time delay.

Activation zone De-activationzone

De-activation time delay

Activation time delay

Activationthreshold


Reverse power

Figure 29.

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The Schneiderprotection solutionb reverse power setting:

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 5 kW to 500 kW 5 kW ± 2.5 %thresholdactivation 0.2 to 20 s 0.1 s -20 % to 0 %time delayde-activation 5 kW of activation 5 kW ± 2.5 %threshold thresholdde-activation 1 to 360 s 0.1 s -20 % to 0 %time delay

4.2.2.6. Over frequency and under frequency

b causesincorrect operation of generator / motor setfrequency reduction is possible when a generator is on overloadfrequency increase is possible should the generator begin racing after losing itsload.

b application:over frequency and under frequency protection is used to:Check generator frequencyCheck frequency at motor terminalsPrevent saturation of transformers further to a frequency reduction.

b principle:the function is activated when frequency exceeds the programmed threshold fora time longer than the time delay.

Over frequency monitoring



Over Fde-activationzone Over F

activationzone


Activationthreshold

Frequency

Figure 30: Operation for overfrequency.



Under Fde-activationzoneUnder F

activationzone


Activationthreshold

Frequency

Figure 31: Operation for underfrequency.

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b overfrequency setting:

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 45 to 540 Hz 0.5 Hz ± 0.5 Hzthresholdactivation 0.2 to 5 s 0.1 s -20 % to 0 %time delayde-activation 540 Hz of 0.5 Hz ± 0.5 Hzthreshold activation thresholdde-activation 1 to 36 s 0.1 s -20 % to 0 %time delay

b underfrequency setting:

setting range setting step accuracyactivation 45 to 540 Hz 0.5 Hz ± 0.5 Hzthresholdactivation 0.2 to 5 s 0.1 s -20 % to 0 %time delayde-activation 45 Hz of 0.5 Hz ± 0.5 Hzthreshold activation thresholdde-activation 1 to 36 s 0.1 s -20 % to 0 %time delay

4.2.2.7 Phase rotation direction

b application:phase reversal protection is used to:v check the rotation direction of three-phase motors (e.g. boats berthed)v prevent connection of generators to the electrical network if rotation direction isreversed

b principle:the function compares the phase succession order.In event of reversal, protection is activated after 300 ms (tripping or alarm).

b phase rotation direction setting:

setting rangeDF Φ1, Φ2, Φ3 or Φ1, Φ3, Φ2time delay 300 ms

38


4.3.Micrologic for insulation faultprotection

Currents due to insulation faults can be dangerous for people (risk of indirectcontact) and equipment (fire risk).To provide protection and satisfy all installation systems as completely aspossible, the Micrologic range incorporates as standard:b on 6.0 units, ground protectionb on 7.0 units, residual current protection.

4.3.1. Ground protectionb fire protection:this is stipulated by the NEC (National Electric Code) in the USA to avoid risk offire that could occur in event of an impedance-grounded (arc) fault, not detectedby the standard L, S, I protection devices (fault smaller than the STD threshold orintermittent fault).b protection of people:this is also used on TN-S networks with very long cables to guaranteeinstantaneous tripping in event of an insulation fault. Ground protection isperformed according to two systems.

4.3.1.1. Residual sensorThe “residual” type protection determines earth fault current by the vector sum ofphase and neutral currents.This protection detects faults downstream of the circuit-breaker.A CT is placed on each of the phases and the neutral (if distributed).For the Masterpacts, the CTs are built into the circuit-breakers.

Circuit-breakerwith built-inMX protection

Figure 32.

The Neutral CT provides both ground/residual protection and overload protectionof the neutral conductor.

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4.3.1.2. Source Ground Return (SGR)The “Source Ground Return” system directly measures the earth fault current bya specific external sensor.This protection detects faults upstream and downstream of the circuit-breaker.It is only possible at the supply end of the LV installation.

Figure 33.

Note: the SGR CT is specific to this application.

The Ground protection and Neutral protection are separate and thus can becombined.

Setting the protection devicesGround protection can be set for its threshold (limited to 1200 A) by 9 bands andby its time delay (same as the Short Time Delay).To enhance discrimination with fuses or other circuit-breakers, part of the groundprotection curve can be converted into a reverse curve by choosing the l2tONsetting.The SGR protection requires use of the MDGF module.

4.3.2. Residual current device (RCD) protection or“zero sequence” systemRCD protection is stipulated by installation standards (IEC 60 364) for protectionof people and equipment in the following cases:b TT type grounding systems, in which currents resulting from insulation faultsare smallb TN-S type networks with very long cables, in which the instantaneous thresholdis not sufficient to protect a short-circuit at the end of the lineb IT networks with very long cables.This protection is also used to provide additional fire protection.Its threshold from 500 mA to 30 A and time delay can be set to ensure residualcurrent discrimination.

Figure 34.

An external rectangular toroid sensor is compulsory.

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Source IT safetysource

TN-S replacementsource

GS GS

GS GS

Non-priorityfeeders,heating, etc.

Safetyfeeders

Non-sensitivepriority feeders,lighting, elevator, etc.

Sensitivefeeders,computer, etc.300 kVA

ChassisCOMmodule

Source

IT safetysource

TN-Sreplacementsource

CommunicationbusProprietarybus

Non-priorityfeeders

ChassisCOMmoduleMain LV board

Main LV board

Summary

5.1.Diagram

A typical example of a high power electrical installation for an office building (seeNote 1 ).

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5.2. Comments

Source to protect Protection Monitoring

Main source

Replacement source

Safety source

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Note 1: in the diagram on the previous page, theSafety Set and the Replacement Set are separate:this is advantageous only if the priority and safetyfeeders are physically separate. As explained inparagraph 1.3, the 2 functions are normally grouped.The following diagram gives an example of this:

The Long and Short Time Delay protection settingsare of the Distribution type. Discrimination withdownstream feeders is of the time type and total.

The set is optimised with exact dimensioning.Setting of the LTD protection will follow the Set’sprotection curve and setting of the STD protectionwill be low (from 1.5 to 2.5 lg).

Discrimination with downstream priority feedersmust allow for the low settings (in particular for theSTD).For feeders supplied by the UPS, discriminationmust be ensured with the downstream feeders (thisis because the UPS switches to mains 2 to performthe discrimination function).

The Set must operate in all circumstances.

The settings made will eliminate nuisance tripping.

Discrimination must allow for these settings andchoose a downstream circuit distribution that willenable this.

The monitoring functions mainly concernverification of inrush power: this allows use, ifnecessary, of load shedding to cope with loadpeaks.

The Set supplies priority feeders. As ourexample is an office building, these feeders areoften not linear. Due to the power ratio and highsubtransient impedances between the Set andthe Main source (transformer), voltage totalharmonic distortion (THDu) is often very highand greater than load withstand value (even fornon-sensitive loads).1. Installation of a Micrologic H ensurespermanent monitoring, if necessary, of therelevant harmonic pollution parameters.

l measurement and H spectrum vignettes

2. Use of a UPS incorporating a harmonic-suppression filter is the ideal solution for using aGenerator Set/UPS combination with optimisedsizing and to bring upstream total harmonicdistortion down to a completely acceptable value.

Fine network analysis in real time is not required.However, alarm transfer and storage arerecommended. If necessary, networkparameters (voltage, current, etc.) can bemeasured for analysis after the fault.

Safety andreplacement source

GS

Non-priorityfeeders

Safety Priorityfeeders

Source

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Figure 35.

42

Summary

5.3. Summary

functions production set replacement safety set parallel- commentsset connected sets*

generator overload protection

overloads b b v b v (1) (1) for Production GS allow for:- one hour overload- one hour overload every 12 hoursNote: disabling of thermal memory may be requested

short-circuits b b v b v Magnetic setting at 1.5 ln

insulation fault protection

fire ground protection b b v b v Use in case of TN-S grounding system

ground fault protection v v v v For uncoupling and placing the GS out of operation if faultrestricted differential

protection of people b b b b Protection, if necessary, of the RCD type (Zero Sequence)

network monitoring

current unbalance v v v (2) v (2) Safety GS: the Generator Set must operate whatevercurrent unbalanceProduction and/or Replacement GS: same problem as withsupply by transformers

overcurrent v (3) v (3) v v (3) (3) to be used to perform load shedding

voltage unbalance v v v v

overvoltage and b (4) b (4) v b v (4) (4) use Protection only if risk of breaking equipment /or lossundervoltage of safety is greater in the event of overvoltage /

frequency b (4) b (4) v b v (4) undervoltage than in the event of breaking

reverse active power ns ns ns v If the GS operates as a motor, there is a risk of:- deterioration of the diesel set- placing all sources out of operation (by overload)

harmonic measurement v v v In particular, if non-linear loads are great during operationon GS (>50 %)For example Replacement GS with high power UPS(computer centre)

b Important or compulsoryv Recommendedns Not significant* In case of two choices, choose that for the parallel-connected generator set category.

43

Additional technicalinformations

App

licat

ions

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6.1.Characteristics tables of circuit breakers 44Compact NS and Masterpact

6.2. Control units characteristicsSTR and Micrologic A, H and P 52

6.3. Communication characteristicsfor Compact NS and Masterpact 71

44

(1) 2P in 3P case for type N only(2) specific trip units are available for operationalvoltages > 525 V(3) operational voltage y 500 V.

Compact circuit breakersnumber of polescontrol manual toggle

direct or extended rotary handleelectric

connections fixed front connectionrear connection

plug-in (on base) front connectionrear connection

withdrawable (on chassis) front connectionrear connection

electrical characteristics as per IEC 60947-2 and EN 60947-2rated current (A) In 40 °C

65 °Crated insulation voltage (V) Uirated impulse withstand voltage kV) Uimprated operational voltage (V) Ue AC 50/60 Hz

DCtype of circuit breakerultimate breaking capacity (kA rms) lcu AC 50/60 Hz 220/240 V

380/415 V440 V500 V525 V660/690 V

DC 250 V (1P)500 V (2P in series)

service breaking capacity lcs % Icusuitability for isolationutilisation categorydurability (C-O cycles) mechanical

electrical 440 V In/2In

electrical characteristics as per NEMA AB1breaking capacity (kA) 240 V

480 V600 V

electrical characteristics as per UL508breaking capacity (kA) 240 V

480 V600 V

protectiontrip unitsoverload protection long time Ir (In x …)short-circuit protection short time lsd (Ir x …)

instantaneous Ii (In x …)earth-fault protection lg (In x …)zone selective interlocking ZSIadd-on earth-leakage protection add-on Vigi module

combination with Vigirex relaycurrent measurements

additional measurement, indication and control auxiliariesindication contactsMX shunt and MN undervoltage releasesvoltage-presence indicatorcurrent-transformer module and ammeter moduleinsulation-monitoring module

remote communication by busdevice-status indicationdevice remote operationtransmission of settingsindication and identification of protection devices and alarmstransmission of measured current values

installationaccessories terminal extensions and spreaders

terminal shields and interphase barriersescutcheons

dimensions (mm) W x H x D fixed, front connections 2-3P / 4Pweight (kg) fixed, front connections 3P / 4P

source changeover system (see section on source changeover systems)manual, remote-operated and automatic source changeover systems

0453

45si

Compact NS250H.

Compact NS630L.

0482

86si

6.1. Characteristics tablesof circuit breakers

Compact NS up to 630 A

45

NS125E NS100 NS160 NS250 NS400 NS6303, 4 2(1), 3, 4 2(1), 3, 4 2(1), 3, 4 3, 4 3, 4 b b b b b b- b b b b b- b b b b bb b b b b bb b b b b b- b b b b b- b b b b b- b b b b b- b b b b b

125 100 160 250 400 630- 100 150 220 320 500750 750 750 750 750 7508 8 8 8 8 8500 690 690 690 690 690- 500 500 500 500 500E N H L N H L N H L N H L N H L25 85 100 150 85 100 150 85 100 150 85 100 150 85 100 15016/10 25 70 150 36 70 150 36 70 150 45 70 150 45 70 15010 25 65 130 35 65 130 35 65 130 42 65 130 42 65 1306 18 50 100 30 50 70 30 50 70 30 50 100 30 50 70- 18 35 100 22 35 50 22 35 50 22 35 100 22 35 50- 8 10 75 8 10 20 8 10 20 10(2) 20(2) 75(2) 10(2) 20(2) 35(2)

50 85 100 50 85 100 50 85 100 - 85 - - 85 -50 85 100 50 85 100 50 85 100 - 85 - - 85 -

50% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%(3)

b b b b b bA A A A A A10 000 50 000 40 000 20 000 15 000 15 0006 000 50 000 40 000 20 000 12 000 8 0006 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 6 000 4 000

E N H L N H L N H L N H L N H L5 85 100 200 85 100 200 85 100 200 85 100 200 85 100 2005 25 65 130 35 65 130 35 65 130 42 65 130 42 65 130- 10 35 50 20 35 50 20 35 50 20 35 50 20 35 50

E N H L N H L N H L N H L N H L- 85 85 - 85 85 - 85 85 - 85 85 - 85 85 -- 25 65 - 35 65 - 35 65 - 42 65 - 42 65 -- 10 10 - 10 10 - 18 18 - 18 18 - 30 30 -

non interchangeable TM (thermal-magnetic) STR22 (electronic) STR23 (electronic) STR53 (electronic)12.5… 125 (A) b b b b- - b b b- b b b b- - - - b- - - - bb b b b bb b b b b- - - - b

b b bb b b- b b- b b- b b

- b b b b- b b b b- - - - b- - - - b- - - - b

b b bb b bb b b105 x 161 x 86 105 x 161 x 86 / 140 x 161 x 86 140 x 255 x 110 / 185 x 255 x 1101.7 / 2.3 1.6 to 1.9 / 2.1 to 2.3 6.0 / 7.8

- b b

46

0451

51si

0451

78si

Compact NS800H.

Compact NS2000H.


(1) 65°C with vertical connections. See the temperaturederating tables for other types of connections.

Compact NSfrom 630 up to 3200 ACompact circuit breakers

number of polescontrol manual toggle

direct or extended rotary handleelectric

type of circuit breakerconnections fixed front connection

rear connectionwithdrawable (on chassis) front connection

rear connection

electrical characteristics as per IEC 60947-2 and EN 60947-2rated current (A) In 50 °C

65 °C (1)

rated insulation voltage (V) Uirated impulse withstand voltage (kV) Uimprated operational voltage (V) Ue AC 50/60 Hz

DCtype of circuit breakerultimate breaking capacity (kA rms) lcu AC 50/60 Hz 220/240 V

380/415 V440 V500/525 V660/690 V

DC 250 V500 V

service breaking capacity (kA rms) lcs Value or % Icushort-time withstand current (kA rms) lcw 0.5 sV AC 50/60 Hz 1 ssuitability for isolationutilisation categorydurability (C-O cycles) mechanical

electrical 440 V In/2In

690 V In/2In

pollution degree

electrical characteristics as per Nema AB1breaking capacity at 60 Hz (kA) 240 V

480 V600 V

protection and measurementsinterchangeable control unitsoverload protection long time Ir (In x …)short-circuit protection short time Isd (Ir x …)

instantaneous Ii (In x …)earth-fault protection lg (In x …)residual earth-leakage protection I∆∆∆∆∆nzone selective interlocking ZSIprotection of the fourth polecurrent measurements

additional indication and control auxiliariesindication contactsvoltage releases MX shunt release

MN undervoltage release

remote communication by busdevice-status indicationdevice remote operationtransmission of settingsindication and identification of protection devices and alarmstransmission of measured current values

installationaccessories terminal extensions and spreaders

terminal shields and interphase barriersescutcheons

dimensions fixed devices, front connections (mm) 3PH x W x D 4Pweight fixed devices, front connections (kg) 3P

4P

source changeover system (see section on source changeover systems)manual, remote-operated and automatic source changeover systems

47

NS630b NS800 NS1000 NS1250 NS1600 NS1600b NS2000 NS2500 NS32003, 4 3, 4 3, 4b b bb b -b b -N H L N H N Hb b b b b b bb b b b b - -b b b b b - -b b b b b - -

630 800 1000 1250 1600 1600 2000 2500 3200630 800 1000 1250 1510 1550 1900 2500 2970750 750 7508 8 8690 690 690500 500 500N H L N H N H50 70 150 50 70 85 12550 70 150 50 70 70 8550 65 130 50 65 65 8540 50 100 40 50 65 -30 42 25 30 42 65 -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -75% 50% 100% 75% 50% 65 kA 75%25 25 10 25 25 40 4017 17 7 17 17 28 28b b bB B A B B B B10000 10000 50006000 5000 5000 30005000 4000 2000 20004000 3000 2000 20002000 2000 1000 1000III III III

N H L N H N H50 65 125 50 65 - 85 125 -35 50 100 35 50 - 65 85 -25 50 - 25 50 - 50 - -

Micrologic 2.0 Micrologic 5.0 Micrologic 2.0 A Micrologic 5.0 A Micrologic 6.0 A Micrologic 7.0 Ab b b b b b- b - b b bb b b b b b- - - - b -- - - - - b- - b b b bb b b b b b- - b b b b

b bb bb b

b b b b b bb b b b - -- - b b b b- - b b b b- - b b b b

b -b -b b327 x 210 x 147 350 x 420 x 160327 x 280 x 147 350 x 535 x 16014 2418 36

b

48

Masterpact NT06 to NT1605

6408

si


circuit-breaker characteristics as per IEC 60947-2rated current (A) In at 40 °C / 50 °C**rating of 4th pole (A)sensor ratings (A)

type of circuit breakerultimate breaking capacity (kA rms) Icu 220/415 VV AC 50/60 Hz 440 V

525 V690 V

rated service breaking capacity (kA rms) Ics % Icurated short-time withstand current (kA rms) Icw 0.5 sV AC 50/60 Hz 3 sintegrated instantaneous protection (kA peak ±10%)rated making capacity (kA peak) Icm 220/415 VV AC 50/60 H 440 V

525 V690 V

break time (ms)closing time (ms)

circuit-breaker characteristics as per NEMA AB1breaking capacity (kA) 240 VV AC 50/60 Hz 480 V

600 V

switch-disconnector characteristics as per IEC 60947-3type of switch-disconnector

rated making capacity (kA peak) Icm 220/415 VV AC 50/60 Hz 440 V

500/690 Vrated short-time withstand current (kA rms) Icw 0.5 sV AC 50/60 Hz 3 sultimate breaking capacity (Icu) with external protection relay,maximum delay 350 ms

installation, connection and maintenanceservice life mechanical with maintenanceC/O cycles x 1000 without maintenance

electrical without maintenance 440 V690 V

motor control (AC3-947-4) 690 Vconnection drawout FC

RCfixed FC

RCdimensions (mm) drawout 3PH x W x D 4P

fixed 3P4P

weight (kg) drawout 3P/4P(approximate) fixed 3P/4P

* see the current-limiting curve in the "additional characteristics" section** 50 °C: rear vertical connected. Refer to temperature derating tablesfor other connection types.(1) SELLIM system.

common characteristicsnumber of poles 3 / 4rated insulation voltage (V) Ui 1000/1250impulse withstand voltage (kV) Uimp 12rated operational voltage (V AC 50/60 Hz) Ue 690suitability for isolation IEC 60947-2degree of pollution IEC 60664-1 3

49

NT06 NT08 NT10 NT12 NT16630 800 1000 1250 1600630 800 1000 1250 1600400 400 400 630 800to 630 to 800 to 1000 to 1250 to 1600

H1 L1* H142 150 4242 130 4242 100 4242 25 42100 % 100 %42 10 4220 - 20- 1(1) -88 330 8888 286 8888 220 8888 52 8825 9 25< 50 < 50

42 150 4242 100 4242 25 42

HA HA75 7575 7575 7542 4220 2035 35

25 25 2512.5 12.5 12.56 3 6 (NT16: 3)3 2 2 (NT16: 1)3 2 2 (NT16: 1)b b bb b bb b bb b b322 x 288 x 280322 x 358 x 280301 x 274 x 211301 x 344 x 21130/3914/18

sensor selectionsensor rating (A) 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600Ir threshold setting (A) 160 to 400 250 to 630 320 to 800 400 to 1000 500 to 1250 640 to 1600

50

Masterpact NW08 à NW6305

6409

si05

6410

si


circuit-breaker characteristics as per IEC 60947-2rated current (A) In at 40 °C / 50 °C**rating of 4th pole (A)sensor ratings (A)

type of circuit breakerultimate breaking capacity (kA rms) Icu 220/415 VV AC 50/60 Hz 440 V

525 V690 V1150 V

rated service breaking capacity (kA rms) Ics % Icurated short-time withstand current (kA rms) Icw 1sV AC 50/60 Hz 3sintegrated instantaneous protection (kA peak ± 10%)rated making capacity (kA peak) Icm 220/415 VV AC 50/60 Hz 440 V

525 V690 V1150 V

break time (ms)closing time (ms)

circuit-breaker characteristics as per NEMA AB1breaking capacity (kA) 240 VV AC 50/60 Hz 480 V

600 V

switch-disconnector characteristics as per IEC 60947-3type of switch-disconnector

rated making capacity (kA peak) Icm 220/415 VV AC 50/60 Hz 440 V

500/690 V1150 V

rated short-time withstand current (kA rms) Icw 1 sV AC 50/60 Hz 3 sultimate breaking capacity (Icu) with external protection relay,maximum delay 350 ms

installation, connection and maintenanceservice life mechanical with maintenanceC/O cycles x 1000 without maintenance

electrical without maintenance 440 V690 V1150 V

motor control (AC3-947-4) 690 Vconnection drawout FC

RCfixed FC

RCdimensions (mm) drawout 3PH x W x D 4P

fixed 3P4P

weight (kg) drawout 3P/4P(approximate) fixed 3P/4P

* see the current-limiting curve in the "additional characteristics" section** 50°C: rear vertical connected. Refer to temperature derating tablesfor other connection types.(1) except 4000 A.

common characteristicsnumber of poles 3 / 4rated insulation voltage (V) Ui 1000/1250impulse withstand voltage (kV) Uimp 12rated operational voltage (V AC 50/60 Hz) Ue 690/1150suitability for isolation IEC 60947-2degree of pollution IEC 60664-1 4

51

NW08 NW10 NW12 NW16 NW20 NW25 NW32 NW40 NW40b NW50 NW63800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 4000 5000 6300800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 4000 5000 6300400 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2000 2500 3200to 800 to 1000 to 1250 to 1600 to 2000 to 2500 to 3200 to 4000 to 4000 to 5000 to 6300

N1 H1 H2 L1* H10 H1 H2 H3 L1* H10 H1 H2 H3 H10 H1 H242 65 100 150 - 65 100 150 150 - 65 100 150 - 100 15042 65 100 150 - 65 100 150 150 - 65 100 150 - 100 15042 65 85 130 - 65 85 130 130 - 65 85 130 - 100 13042 65 85 100 - 65 85 100 100 - 65 85 100 - 100 100- - - - 50 - - - - 50 - - - 50 - -100 % 100 % 100 % 100 %42 65 85 30 50 65 85 65 30 50 65 85 65 50 100 10022 36 50 30 50 36 75 65 30 50 65 75 65 50 100 100without without 190 80 without without 190 150 80 without without 190 150 without without 27088 143 220 330 - 143 220 330 330 - 143 220 330 - 220 33088 143 220 330 - 143 220 330 330 - 143 220 330 - 220 33088 143 187 286 - 143 187 286 286 - 143 187 286 - 220 28688 143 187 220 - 143 187 220 220 - 143 187 220 - 220 220- - - - 105 - - - - 105 - - - 105 - -25 25 25 10 25 25 25 25 10 25 25 25 25 25 25 25< 70 < 70 < 70 < 80

42 65 100 150 - 65 100 150 150 - 65 100 150 - 100 15042 65 100 150 - 65 100 150 150 - 65 100 150 - 100 15042 65 85 100 - 65 85 100 100 - 65 85 100 - 100 100

NA HA HF HA10 HA HF HA10 HA HF HA10 HA88 105 187 - 105 187 - 121 187 - 18788 105 187 - 105 187 - 121 187 - 18788 105 187 - 105 187 - 121 187 - 187- - - 105 - - 105 - - 105 -42 50 85 50 50 85 50 55 85 50 85- 36 50 50 36 75 50 55 75 50 8542 50 85 50 50 85 50 55 85 50 85

25 20 20 1012.5 10 10 510 10 10 3 - 8 8 2 3 - 5 5 1.25 - 1.5 1.510 10 10 3 - 6 6 2 3 - 2.5 2.5 1.25 - 1.5 1.5- - - - 0.5 - - - - 0.5 - - - 0.5 - -10 10 10 - - 6 6 6 - - 2.5 2.5 2.5 - - -b b b b b b b b b b b b b b - -b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bb b b - - b b - - - b (1) b (1) - - - -b b b - - b b - - - b b - - b b439 x 441 x 395 479 x 786 x 395439 x 556 x 395 479 x 1016 x 395352 x 422x 297 352 x 767x 297352 x 537x 297 352 x 997x 29790/120 225/30060/80 120/160

sensor selectionsensor rating (A) 400 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500 3200 4000 5000 6300Ir threshold 160 250 320 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000 2500setting (A) to 400 to 630 to 800 to 1000 to 1250 to 1600 to 2000 to 2500 to 3200 to 4000 to 5000 to 6300

52

Compact NS400 to 630

60 250 400 500 630

STR23SE / STR53UE

STR23SE / STR53UE

MP

STR23SV / STR53SV

Standard protectionwith selectivity

Protection of DCdistribution systems

Protection of systems supplied bygenerators. Protection of long cables

Protection of systems U > 525 V

Selection of the trip unit depends on the type of distribution system protected andthe operational voltage of the circuit breaker.Protection for all types of circuits, from 60 to 630 A, is possible with only four trip-unit catalogue numbers, whatever the circuit-breaker operational voltage:b U y 525 V: STR23SE or STR53UEb U > 525 V: STR23SV or STR53SV.Trip units do not have a predefined rating. The tripping threshold depends on thecircuit breaker rating and the LT (long time) current setting.For example, for an STR23SE trip unit set to the maximum value, the trippingthreshold is:v 250 A, when installed on a Compact NS400 250 Av 630 A, when installed on a Compact NS630.

In s

hort

Compact NS400 to 630 circuitbreakers, types N, H and L, 3-poleand 4-pole, may be equipped withany of the STR23SE, STR23SV,STR53UE and STR53SV electronictrip units.The STR53UE and STR53SV tripunits offer a wider range of settingsand the STR53UE offers a numberof optional protection, measurementand communications functions.For DC applications, the CompactNS400H and 630H circuit breakersare equipped with a built-in MPmagnetic trip unit.

E88

733E

6.2. Control unitscharacteristics

53

STR23SE (U y 525 V) and STR23SV (U > 525 V)electronic trip units

IsdIr

STR 23 SE

Ir

x Io

Io

-test

+

90105 %Iralarm

x In

6 1 37

.5

.63.7

.91

.8.85

.9.95

1

.88.93

.98

.8

234

5 678

10

Isd

x Ir

t

I0 Ir Im

1

2

3

45

1 long-time threshold (overload protection)2 long-time tripping delay3 short-time pick-up (short-circuit protection)4 short-time tripping delay5 instantaneous pick-up (short-circuit protection)6 test connector7 percent load indication.

ProtectionThe protection functions may be set using the adjustment dials.

Overload protectionLong-time protection with an adjustable threshold and fixed tripping delay:b Io base setting (6-position dial from 0.5 to 1)b Ir fine adjustment (8-position dial from 0.8 to 1).

Short-circuit protectionShort-time and instantaneous protection:b short-time protection with an adjustable pick-up and fixed tripping delayb instantaneous protection with fixed pick-up.

Protection of the fourth poleOn four-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection is set using a three-positionswitch to 4P 3d (neutral unprotected), 4P 3d + N/2 (neutral protection at 0.5 In) or4P 4d (neutral protection at In).

IndicationsA LED on the front indicates the percent load:b ON - load is > 90 % of Ir settingb flashing - load is > 105 % of Ir setting.

TestA mini test kit or a portable test kit may be connected to the test connector on thefront to check circuit-breaker operation after installing the trip unit or accessories.

E88

734

E88

735

54

STR53UE (U y 525 V) and STR53SV (U > 525 V)electronic trip units

> Ih

> Im

> Ir

µ P

faulttestSTR 53 UE

Io

x In

-test

+

32 4 5

8 16

16

4

2

0,5

(s) @ 6 Ir

.3 .3.2

.1

0

.2

.1

0on I2t off

.9 .93.95

.98

1

.88

.85

.8

.8 .9

1

.7

.6

.5

14 5

6

810

3

2

1.5

4 6810

11

3

2

1.5

.5 .6.7

.8

1

.4

.3

.2x Io

Ir Isd

x Ir

Ii

x In

Igg

x In

tr tsd(s) .4 .4

.3

.2

.1

.3

.2

.1on I2t off

tg(s)

%Ir >Ir >Isd >Ig

A

In I1 I2 I3 IsdIr li

tr

tsd

8 6 79(*) (*)1

t

0 Ir Isd Ii

5

43

2

1

67

I

1 long-time threshold (overload protection)2 long-time tripping delay3 short-time pick-up (short-circuit protection)4 short-time tripping delay5 instantaneous pick-up (short-circuit protection)6 optional earth-fault pick-up7 optional earth-fault tripping delay8 test connector9 battery and lamp test pushbutton.(*) STR avec l'option "défaut terre".

Earth-fault protection (T) (see the "Options for the STR53UE electronictrip unit" section on the following pages).With the earth-fault option (T) on the STR53UE electronic trip unit, an externalneutral sensor can be installed (situation for a three-pole circuit breaker in adistribution system with a neutral). Available ratings of external neutralsensors: 150, 250, 400, 630 A.

ProtectionThe protection functions may be set using the adjustment dials.

Overload protectionLong-time protection with adjustable threshold and tripping delay:b Io base setting (6-position dial from 0.5 to 1)b Ir fine adjustment (8-position dial from 0.8 to 1).

Short-circuit protectionShort-time and instantaneous protection:b short-time protection with adjustable pick-up and tripping delay,with or without constant I2tb instantaneous protection with adjustable pick-up.

Protection of the fourth poleOn four-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection is set using a three-positionswitch to 4P 3d (neutral unprotected), 4P 3d + N/2 (neutral protection at 0.5 In) or4P 4d (neutral protection at In).

Overload LED (% Ir)A LED on the front indicates the percent load:b when ON, the load is > 90 % of Ir settingb when flashing, the load is > 105 % of Ir setting.

E88

737

E88

736

Compact NS400 to 6306.2. Control unitscharacteristics

55

trip units STR23SE (U y 525V) STR53UE (U y 525V)

STR23SV (U > 525V) STR53SV (U > 525V)ratings (A) In 20 to 70 ° C (1) 150 250 400 630 150 250 400 630circuit breaker Compact NS400 N/H/L b b b - b b b -

Compact NS630 N/H/L - - - b - - - b

overload protection (Long time)current setting Ir = In x … 0.4...1 0.4...1

adjustable, 48 settings adjustable, 48 settingstime delay (s) fixed adjustable(min.…max.) at 1.5 x Ir 90...180 8...15 34...50 69...100 138...200 277...400

at 6 x Ir 5...7.5 0.4...0.5 1.5...2 3...4 6...8 12...16at 7.2 Ir 3.2...5.0 0.2...0.74 1...1.4 2...2.8 4...5.5 8.2...11

short-circuit protection (Short time)pick-up (A) Isd = Ir x … 2...10 1.5...10accuracy ± 15 % adjustable, 8 settings adjustable, 8 settingstime delay (ms) fixed adjustable, 4 settings + "constant I2t" option

max. resettable time y 40 y 15 y 60 y 140 y 230max. break time y 60 y 60 y 140 y 230 y 350

short-circuit protection (instantaneous)pick-up (A) Ii = In x … 11 1.5...11

fixed adjustable, 8 settings

protection of the fourth poleneutral unprotected 4P 3d no protection no protectionneutral protection at 0.5 In 4P 3d + N/2 0.5 x Ir 0.5 x Irneutral protection at In 4P 4d 1 x Ir 1 x Ir

optionsindication of fault type - b (standard)zone selective interlocking ZSI - b (2)

communications COM - b (2)

built-in ammeter I - b (2)

earth-fault protection T - b (2)

(1) If the trip units are used in high-temperature environments, the setting must take into account the thermal limitations of the circuit breaker. The overloadprotection setting may not exceed 0.95 at 60° C or 0.9 at 70° C for the Compact NS400, and 0.95 at 50° C, 0.9 at 60° C or 0.85 at 70° C for the Compact NS630.(2) This option is not available for the STR53SV trip unit.

Fault indicationsA LED signals the type of fault:b overload (long-time protection) or abnormal internal temperature (> Ir)b short-circuit (short-time protection) or instantaneous (> Isd)b earth fault (if earth-fault protection option installed) (> Ig)b microprocessor malfunction:v both (> Ig) and (> Isd) LEDs ONv (> Ig) LED ON (if earth-fault protection option (T) installed).Battery powered. Spare batteries are supplied in an adapter box. The LEDindicating the type of fault goes OFF after approximately ten minutes to conservebattery power. The information is however stored in memory and the LED can beturned back ON by pressing the battery/LED test pushbutton. The LEDautomatically goes OFF and the memory is cleared when the circuit breaker isreset.

TestA mini test kit or a portable test kit may be connected to the test connector on thefront to check circuit-breaker operation after installing the trip unit or accessories.The test pushbutton tests the battery and the (% Ir), (> Ir), (> Isd) and (> Ig)LEDs.

Self monitoringThe circuit breaker trips if a microprocessor fault or an abnormal temperatureis detected.

OptionsFour options are available:b earth-fault protection Tb ammeter Ib zone selective interlocking ZSIb communications option COM.

E88

738

Setting exampleWhat is the overload-protection threshold of aCompact NS400 circuit breaker equipped withan STR23SE (or STR23SV) trip unit setto Io = 0.5 and Ir = 0.8 ?

x In

Ir

x Io

.8.85

.9.95

1

.88.93

.98

Io

.5

.63.7

.91

.8

AnswerIn x Io x Ir = 400 x 0.5 x 0.8 = 160 A.The identical trip unit, with identical settings butinstalled on a Compact NS630 circuit breaker, willhave an overload-protection threshold of:630 x 0.5 x 0.8 = 250 A.

56

Options for the STR53UE electronic trip unit

Earth-fault protection (T)

type Residualpick-up Ig = In x … 0.2 to 1accuracy ± 15% adjustable, 8 settingstime delay adjustable, 4 settings"constant I2t" function max. resettable time 60 140 230 350

max. break time y 140 y 230 y 350 y 500

Ammeter (I)A digital display continuously indicates the current of the phase with the greatestload. The value of each current (I1, I2, I3, Ineutral) may be successivelydisplayed by pressing a scroll button.LEDs indicate the phase for which the current is displayed.

Ammeter display limits:b minimum current u 0.2 x In. Lower currents are not displayedb maximum current y 10 x In.

Zone selective interlocking (ZSI)A number of circuit breakers are interconnected one after another by a pilot wire.In the event of a short-time or earth fault:b if a given STR53UE trip unit detects the fault, it informs the upstream circuitbreaker, which applies the set time delayb if the STR53UE trip unit does not detect the fault, the upstream circuit breakertrips after its shortest time delay.In this manner, the fault is cleared rapidly by the nearest circuit breaker.The thermal stresses on the circuits are minimised and time discrimination ismaintained throughout the installation.The STR53UE trip unit can handle only the downstream end of a zone selectiveinterlocking function. Consequently, the ZSI option cannot be implementedbetween two Compact NS circuit breakers.

Opto-electronic outputsUsing opto-transistors, these outputs ensure total isolation between the internalcircuits of the trip unit and the circuits wired by the user.

Communications option (COM)This option transmits data to Digipact distribution monitoring and control modules.Transmitted data:b settingsb phase and neutral currents (rms values)b highest current of the three phasesb overload-condition alarmb cause of tripping (overload, short-circuit, etc.).

In s

hort

Possible combinations:b Ib Tb I + Tb I + COMb I + T + COMb ZSIb ZSI + Ib ZSI + Tb ZSI + I + Tb ZSI +I + COMb ZSI + I + T + COM

Compact NS400 to 6306.2. Control unitscharacteristics

57

MP DC trip units

ImIn

Im(A)

2000

38004400 5000

5700

4000

25003000

3500

Magnetic trip units for Compact NS400/630 three-pole, type H circuit breakers.These trip units are specifically designed to protect DC distribution systems.

They are not interchangeable. The circuit breaker and trip unit are suppliedfully assembled.

built-in trip units MP1 MP2 MP3circuit breaker Compact NS400H b b -

Compact NS630H b b b

short-circuit protection (magnetic)pick-up (A) Im adjustable adjustable adjustable

800...1600 1250...2500 2000...4000

E88

739

58

Micrologic 5.0

.4.5.6

.7.8

.9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

5

21

6

.512

48

121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5x In

test

3

2

410

3

6 8

1215

off

4

Micrologic for CompactNS630b to 3200ProtectionProtection thresholds and delays are set using the adjustment dials.

Overload protectionTrue rms long-time protection.Thermal memory: thermal image before and after tripping.Setting accuracy may be enhanced by limiting the setting range using a differentlong-time rating plug.Overload protection can be cancelled using a specific LT rating plug "Off".

Short-circuit protectionShort-time (rms) and instantaneous protection.Selection of I2t type (ON or OFF) for short-time delay.

Neutral protectionOn three-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection is not possible.On four-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection may be set using a three-position switch: neutral unprotected (4P 3d), neutral protection at 0.5 In (4P 3d +N/2) or neutral protection at In (4P 4d).

IndicationsOverload indication by alarm LED on the front; the LED goes on when the currentexceeds the long-time trip threshold.

TestA mini test kit or a portable test kit may be connected to the test connector on thefront to check circuit-breaker operation after installing the trip unit or accessories.

Note.Micrologic A control units come with a transparent lead-seal cover as standard.

In s

hort

Micrologic 2.0 and 5.0 control unitsprotect power circuits. Micrologic 5.0offers time discrimination for short-circuits as well.

E88

740

1 long-time threshold and tripping delay2 overload alarm (LED)3 short-time pick-up and tripping delay4 instantaneous pick-up5 fixing screw for long-time rating plug6 test connector.


59

0 I

tIr

tr

Isd

Ir

tr

Isd

Ii

0 I

t

tsd

E88

741

E88

742

protection Micrologic 2.0long time

current setting (A) Ir = In x … 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.98 1tripping between 1.05 and 1.20 Ir other ranges or disable by changing rating plugtime delay (s) accuracy 0 to -30% tr at 1.5 x Ir 12.5 25 50 100 200 300 400 500 600

accuracy 0 to -20% tr at 6 x Ir 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24accuracy 0 to -20% tr at 7.2 x Ir 0.34 0.69 1.38 2.7 5.5 8.3 11 13.8 16.6

thermal memory 20 minutes before and after tripping

instantaneouspick-up (A) Isd = Ir x … 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10accuracy ± 10%time delay fixed: 20 ms

protection Micrologic 5.0long time

current setting (A) Ir = In x … 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.98 1tripping between 1.05 and 1.20 Ir other ranges or disable by changing rating plugtime delay (s) accuracy 0 to -30% tr at 1.5 x Ir 12.5 25 50 100 200 300 400 500 600

accuracy 0 to -20% tr at 6 x Ir 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24accuracy 0 to -20% tr at 7.2 x Ir 0.34 0.69 1.38 2.7 5.5 8.3 11 13.8 16.6


short timepick-up (A) Isd = Ir x … 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10accuracy ± 10%time delay (ms) at 10 x Ir settings I2t Off 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

I2t On 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4tsd (max resettable time) 20 80 140 230 350tsd (max break time) 80 140 200 320 500

instantaneouspick-up (A) Ii = In x … 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 15 offaccuracy ± 10%

60

Micrologic A "ammeter"

Protection settings .................................................Protection thresholds and delays are set using the adjustment dials.The selected values are momentarily displayed in amperes and in seconds.

Overload protectionTrue rms long-time protection.Thermal memory: thermal image before and after tripping.Setting accuracy may be enhanced by limiting the setting range using a differentlong-time rating plug.The long-time rating plug "OFF" enables to cancel the overload protection.

Short-circuit protectionShort-time (rms) and instantaneous protection.Selection of I2t type (ON or OFF) for short-time delay.

Earth fault protectionResidual or source ground return.Selection of I2t type (ON or OFF) for delay.Residual earth-leakage protection (Vigi).Operation without an external power supply.d Protected against nuisance tripping.k DC-component withstand class A up to 10 A.

Neutral protectionOn three-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection is not possible.On four-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection may be set using a three-position switch: neutral unprotected (4P 3t), neutral protection at 0.5 In (4P 3t + N/2), neutral protection at In (4P 4t).

Zone selective interlocking (ZSI)A ZSI terminal block may be used to interconnect a number of control units toprovide total discrimination for short-time and earth-fault protection, without adelay before tripping.

"Ammeter" measurements .................................... menu

Micrologic A control units measure the true rms value of currents.A digital LCD screen continuously displays the most heavily loaded phase (Imax)or displays the I1, I2, I3, IN, Ig, I∆n, stored-current (maximeter) and setting values bysuccessively pressing the navigation button.The optional external power supply makes it possible to display currents < 20% In.

Communication optionIn conjunction with the COM communication option, the control unit transmits thefollowing:b setting valuesb all "ammeter" measurementsb tripping causesb maximeter reset.

Note.Micrologic A control units come with a transparent lead-seal cover as standard.

Micrologic A control units protectpower circuits.They also offer measurements,display, communication and currentmaximeters. Version 6 providesearth-fault protection, version 7provides earth-leakage protection.

E88

743 Micrologic 6.0 A

40

100%

%

menu

.4.5.6

.7.8

.9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

13

10

ground fault

BC

D EF

GH

J

Ig tg(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

A

.512

48

121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5x In

test6

3

5

71

2

12

11

9

8

2

410

3

6 8

1215

off

4

kAs

Ir=Ii=

tr=Isd=

Ig=

tsd=Dt=

tg=

IDn= MAX

1 long-time current setting and tripping delay2 overload signal (LED)3 short-time pick-up and tripping delay4 instantaneous pick-up5 earth-leakage or earth-fault pick-up and tripping delay6 earth-leakage or earth-fault test button7 long-time rating plug screw8 test connector9 lamp test, reset and battery test10 indication of tripping cause11 digital display12 three-phase bargraph and ammeter13 navigation buttons.

In s

hort


61

protections Micrologic 2.0 Along time

current setting (A) Ir = In x … 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 0.98 1tripping between 1.05 and 1.20 x Ir other ranges or disable by changing rating plugtime delay (s) accuracy: 0 to -30 % tr at 1.5 x Ir 12.5 25 50 100 200 300 400 500 600

accuracy: 0 to -20 % tr at 6 x Ir 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24accuracy: 0 to -20 % tr at 7.2 x Ir 0.34(1) 0.69 1.38 2.7 5.5 8.3 11 13.8 16.6

thermal memory 20 minutes before and after tripping(1) with tsd = 0.4 off, tr = 0.5 s.

instantaneouspick-up (A) Isd = Ir x … 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10accuracy: ±10 %time delay fixed: 20 ms

ammeter Micrologic 2.0 A menu

continuous current measurementsmeasurements from 20 to 200 % of In I1 I2 I3 IN

accuracy: 1.5% (including sensors) no auxiliary source (where I > 20 % In)maximeters I1 max I2 max I3 max IN max

protection Micrologic 5.0 / 6.0 / 7.0 Along time Micrologic 5.0 / 6.0 / 7.0 A


accuracy: 0 to -20 % tr at 6 x Ir 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24accuracy: 0 to -20 % tr at 7.2 x Ir 0.34 0.69 1.38 2.7 5.5 8.3 11 13.8 16.6


short timepick-up (A) Isd = Ir x … 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10accuracy: ±10 %time delay (ms) at 10 Ir settings I2t Off 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4


instantaneouspick-up (A) Ii = In x … 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 15 offaccuracy: ±10 %

earth fault Micrologic 6.0 Apick up (A) Ig = In x … A B C D E F G H Jaccuracy: ±10 % In y 400 A 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

400 A < In y 1200 A 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1In > 1200 A 500 640 720 800 880 960 1040 1120 1200

time delay (ms) settings I2t Off 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4at In or 1200 A I2t On 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

tg (max resettable time) 20 80 140 230 350tg (max break time) 80 140 200 320 500

residual earth leakage (Vigi) Micrologic 7.0 Asensitivity (A) I ∆∆∆∆∆n 0.5 1 2 3 5 7 10 20 30accuracy: 0 to -20 %time delay (ms.) settings 60 140 230 350 800

t∆∆∆∆∆n (max resettable time) 80 140 230 350 800t∆∆∆∆∆n (max break time) 140 200 320 500 1000

ammeter Micrologic 5.0 / 6.0 / 7.0 A menu

continuous current measurementsmeasurements from 20 to 200 % of In I1 I2 I3 IN Ig I∆n

accuracy: 1.5 % (including sensors) no auxiliary source (where I > 20 % In)maximeters I1 max I2 max I3 max IN max Ig max I∆n max

0 I

t IDn

tDn

0 I

t

Ig

tgI2t off

I2t onE

8874

4E

8874

5

0 I

tIr

tr

Isd

Ir

tr

Isd

Ii

0 I

t

tsd

E88

741

E88

742

Note:All current-based protection functions require no auxiliary source.The test / reset button resets maximeters, clears the tripping indication and teststhe battery.

62

Micrologic P "power"

Protection settings ........................................ + menu

The adjustable protection functions are identical to those of Micrologic A(overloads, short-circuits, earth-fault and earth-leakage protection).

Double settingWithin the range determined by the adjustment dial, fine adjustment of thresholds(to within one ampere) and time delays (to within one second) is possible on thekeypad or remotely using the COM option.

IDMTL settingCoordination with fuse-type or medium-voltage protection systems is optimisedby adjusting the slope of the overload-protection curve. This setting also ensuresbetter operation of this protection function with certain loads.

Neutral protectionOn three-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection may be set using the keypad orremotely using the COM option, to one of four positions: neutral unprotected (4P3t), neutral protection at 0.5 In (4P 3t + N/2), neutral protection at In (4P 4t) andneutral protection at 2 In (4P 3t + 2N). Neutral protection at 2 In is used when theneutral conductor is twice the size of the phase conductors (major loadimbalance, high level of third order harmonics).On four-pole circuit breakers, neutral protection may be set using a three-position switch or the keypad: neutral unprotected (4P 3t), neutral protection at0.5 In (4P 3t + N/2), neutral protection at In (4P 4t). Neutral protection producesno effect if the long-time curve is set to one of the IDMTL protection settings.

Programmable alarms and other protection ........

Depending on the thresholds and time delays set using the keypad or remotelyusing the COM option, the Micrologic P control unit monitors currents andvoltage, power, frequency and the phase sequence. Each threshold overrun issignalled remotely via the COM option. Each threshold overrun may be combinedwith tripping (protection) or an indication carried out by an optional M2C or M6Cprogrammable contact (alarm), or both (protection and alarm).

Load shedding and reconnection.........................

Load shedding and reconnection parameters may be set according to the poweror the current flowing through the circuit breaker. Load shedding is carried out bya supervisor via the COM option or by an M2C or M6C programmable contact.

Measurements ........................................................

The Micrologic P control unit calculates in real time all the electrical values (V, A,W, VAR, VA, Wh, VARh, VAh, Hz), power factors and crest factors.The Micrologic P control unit also calculates demand current and demand powerover an adjustable time period. Each measurement is associated with a minimeterand a maximeter.In the event of tripping on a fault, the interrupted current is stored. The optionalexternal power supply makes it possible to display the value with the circuitbreaker open or not supplied.

Note:Micrologic P control units come with a non-transparent lead-seal cover asstandard.

Micrologic 6.0 P

.4.5.6

.7.8

.9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

ground fault

BC

D EFG

HJ

Ig tg(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

A

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.512

48

121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

x In

test

2

410

3

6 8

1215

off

I(A)Trip

20 kA0.4s

Off

24s2000A

13

5

10

15

166

1

8

2

7

43

9

11

12 14

Micrologic P control units include all thefunctions offered by Micrologic A.In addition, they measure voltages andcalculate power and energy values.They also offer new protection functionsbased on currents, voltages, frequencyand power reinforce load protection.

E88

746

1 long-time current setting and tripping delay2 overload signal (LED)3 short-time pick-up and tripping delay4 instantaneous pick-up5 earth-leakage or earth-fault pick-up and tripping delay6 earth-leakage or earth-fault test button7 long-time rating plug screw8 test connector9 lamp + battery test and indications reset10 indication of tripping cause11 high-resolution screen12 measurement display13 maintenance indicators14 protection settings15 navigation buttons16 hole for settings lockout pin on cover.

In s

hort


63

Histories and maintenance indicators ..................

The last ten trips and alarms are recorded in two separate history files.Maintenance indications (contact wear, operation cycles, etc.) are recorded forlocal access.

Option de signalisation par contact programmablesThe M2C (two contacts) and M6C (six contacts) auxiliary contacts may be usedto signal threshold overruns or status changes. They can be programmed usingthe keypad on the Micrologic P control unit or remotely using the COM option.

Communication option (COM)The communication option may be used to:b remotely read and set parameters for the protection functionsb transmit all the calculated indicators and measurementsb signal the causes of tripping and alarmsb consult the history files and the maintenance-indicator register.An event log and a maintenance register, stored in control-unit memory but notavailable locally, may be accessed in addition via the COM option.

64

Micrologic P "power"

0

Ir

I

t

tr

Isdtsd

Ii

IDMTL

E88

747

0 I

t IDn

tDn

0 I

t

Ig

tgI2t off

I2t onE

8874

4E

8874

5E

8874

8EE

8874

9E

0 I/U/P/F

t

delay

threshold

delay

threshold

0 I/P

t

threshold

delaydelay

threshold


Note:All current-based protection functions require no auxiliary source.Voltage-based protection functions are connected to AC power via a voltagemeasurement input built into the circuit breaker.

protection Micrologic 5.0 / 6.0 / 7.0 P + long time (rms) Micrologic 5.0 / 6.0 / 7.0 P


accuracy: 0 to -20 % tr at 6 x Ir 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 16 20 24accuracy: 0 to -20 % tr at 7.2 x Ir 0.34(1) 0.69 1.38 2.7 5.5 8.3 11 13.8 16.6

IDMTL setting curve slope SIT VIT EIT HVFuse DTthermal memory 20 minutes before and after tripping(1) with tsd = 0.4 off, tr = 0.5 s

short time (rms)pick-up (A) Isd = Ir x … 1.5 2 2.5 3 4 5 6 8 10accuracy: ±10 %time delay (ms.) at 10 x Ir settings I2t Off 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4


instantaneouspick-up (A) Ii = In x … 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 15 OFFaccuracy: ±10 %

earth fault Micrologic 6.0 Ppick-up (A) Ig = In x … A B C D E F G H Jaccuracy: ±10 % In y 400 A 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

400 A < In y 1200 A 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1In > 1200 A 500 640 720 800 880 960 1040 1120 1200

time delay (ms.) settings I2t Off 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4at In or 1200 A I2t On 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4

tg (max resettable time) 20 80 140 230 350tg (max break time) 80 140 200 320 500

residual earth leakage (Vigi) Micrologic 7.0 Psensitivity (A) I ∆∆∆∆∆n 0.5 1 2 3 5 7 10 20 30accuracy: 0 to -20 %time delay (ms.) settings 60 140 230 350 800

t∆∆∆∆∆n (max resettable time) 60 140 230 350 800

t∆∆∆∆∆n (max break time) 140 200 320 500 1000

alarms and other protection Micrologic 5.0 / 6.0 / 7.0 P current threshold time delay

current imbalance Iimbalance 0.05 to 0.6 Imax 1 to 40 s.maximum demand current Imax demand : I1, I2, I3, IN, Ig 0.4 In at short-time pick-up 0 to 1500 s.

voltagevoltage imbalance Uimbalance 0.02 to 0.3 Uaverage 1 to 40 s.minimum voltage Umin 60 to 690 V between phases 0.2 to 5 s.maximum voltage Umax 100 to 930 V between phases 0.2 to 5 s.

powerreverse power rP 5 to 500 kW 0.2 to 20 s.

frequencyminimum frequency Fmin 45 to 400 Hz 0.2 to 5 s.maximum frequency Fmax 45 to 540 Hz 0.2 to 5 s.

phase sequencesequence ∆∆∆∆∆Ø Ø1/2/3 or Ø1/3/2 instantaneous

load shedding and reconnection Micrologic 5.0 / 6.0 / 7.0 Pmeasured value threshold time delay

current I 0.5 to 1 Ir per phases 20% tr to 80% tr.power P 200 kW to 10 MW 10 to 3600 s.

65

Navigation from one display to another is intuitive. The six buttons on the keypadprovide access to the menus and easy selection of values. When the settingcover is closed, the keypad may no longer be used to access the protectionsettings, but still provides access to the displays for measurements, histories,indicators, etc.

Measurements ........................................................

Instantaneous valuesThe value displayed on the screen is refreshed every second.Minimum and maximum values of measurements are stored in memory(minimeters and maximeters).

currentsI rms A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakageI max rms A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakage

voltagesU rms V 12 23 31V rms V 1N 2N 3NU average rms V (U12 + U23 + U31) / 3U imbalance %

power, energyP active , Q reactive , S apparent W, Var, VA totalsE active , E reactive , E apparent Wh, VARh, VAh totals consumed - supplied

totals consumed

totals supplied

power factory PF total

frequenciesF Hz

Demand meteringThe demand is calculated over a fixed or sliding time window that may beprogrammed from 5 to 60 minutes. According to the contract signed with thepower supplier, an indicator associated with a load shedding function makes itpossible to avoid or minimise the costs of overrunning the subscribed power.Maximum demand values are systematically stored and time stamped(maximeter).

currentsI demand A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakageI max demand A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakage

powerP, Q, S demand W, Var, VA totalsP, Q, S max demand W, Var, VA totals

Minimeters and maximetersOnly the current and power maximeters may be displayed on the screen.

Histories ..................................................................The last ten trips and alarms are recorded in two separate history files that maybe displayed on the screen.b tripping history:v type of faultv date and timev values measured at the time of tripping (interrupted current, etc.).b alarm history:v type of faultv date and timev values measured at the time of the alarm.

Maintenance indicators..........................................A number of maintenance indicators may be called up on the screen:b contact wearb operation counter:v cumulative totalv total since last reset.

Default display.

Display after tripping.Display of a tripping history.

Display of a maximumcurrent .

Display of a frequency. Display of a demand power.

Display of a power.Display of a voltage.

E88

750

E88

751

E88

752

E88

753

E88

754

E88

755

E88

756

E88

757

66

With the communication option

Additional measurements, maximeters and minimetersCertain measured or calculated values are only accessible with the COMcommunication option:b I peak /2, (I1 + I2 + I3)/3, I imbalance

b load level in % Irb total power factorThe maximeters and minimeters are available only via the COM option for usewith a supervisor.

Event logAll events are time stamped.b tripsb beginning and end of alarmsb modifications to settings and parametersb counter resetsb system faults:v fallback positionv thermal self-protectionb loss of timeb overrun of wear indicatorsb test-kit connectionsb etc.

Maintenance registerUsed as an aid in troubleshooting and to better plan for device maintenanceoperations.b highest current measuredb operation counterb number of test-kit connectionsb number of trips in operating mode and in test modeb contact-wear indicator.

Additional technical characteristics

Setting the display languageSystem messages may be displayed in six different languages. The desiredlanguage is selected via the keypad.

Protection functionsAll current-based protection functions require no auxiliary source. Voltage-basedprotection functions are connected to AC power via a voltage measurement inputbuilt into the circuit breaker.

Measurement functionsMeasurement functions are independent of the protection functions.The high-accuracy measurement module operates independently of theprotection module, while remaining synchronised with protection events.

Measurement-calculation modeb measurement functions implement the new "zero blind time" concept whichconsists in continuously measuring signals at a high sampling rate. The traditional"blind window" used to process samples no longer exists. This method ensuresaccurate energy calculations even for highly variable loads (welding machines,robots, etc.).b energies are calculated on the basis of the instantaneous power values, in twomanners:v the traditional mode where only positive (consumed) energies are consideredv the signed mode where the positive (consumed) and negative (supplied)energies are considered separately.

Display of an event log on a supervisor.

E88

762

ModuleEventTime

POWERLOGIC System Manager Demo

Ready

File Edit View Setup ToolsControl Display Reports Window Help

ONLINE: DEMO 9:30No working system

5 secondsSampling Mode : MANUAL

Micrologic P "power"6.2. Control unitscharacteristics

67

Accuracy of measurements (including sensors)cvoltage (V) 1%b current (A) 1.5%b frequency (Hz) 0.1 Hzb power (W) and energy (Wh) 2.5%

Stored informationThe fine setting adjustments, the last 100 events and the maintenance registerremain in the control-unit memory even when power is lost.

Time-stampingTime-stamping is activated only if an external power supply module is present(max. drift of 1 hour per year).

ResetAn individual reset, via the keypad or remotely, acts on alarms, minimum andmaximum data, peak values, the counters and the indicators.

68

Micrologic H "harmonics"

In addition to the Micrologic P functions, the Micrologic H control unitoffers:b in-depth analysis of power quality including calculation of harmonics and thefundamentalsb diagnostics aid and event analysis through waveform captureb enhanced alarm programming to analyse and track down a disturbance on theAC power system.

Measurements ........................................................

The Micrologic H control unit offers all the measurements carried out byMicrologic P, with in addition:b phase by phase measurements of:v power, energyv power factorsb calculation of:v current and voltage total harmonic distortion (THD)v current, voltage and power fundamentals (50 Hz)v current and voltage harmonics up to the 31st order.

Instantaneous values displayed on the screen

currentsI rms A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakageI max rms A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakage

voltagesU rms V 12 23 31V rms V 1N 2N 3NU average rms V (U12 + U23 + U31) / 3U imbalance %

power, energyP active , Q reactive , S apparent W, Var, VA totals 1 2 3E active , E reactive , E apparent Wh, VARh, VAh totals consumed - supplied

totals consumed

totals supplied

power factor PF total 1 2 3

frequenciesF Hz

power-quality indicatorstotal fundamentals U I P Q STHD % U IU and I harmonics amplitude 3 5 7 9 11 13

Harmonics 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13, monitored by electrical utilities, are displayed on the screen.

Demand measurementsSimilar to the Micrologic P control unit, the demand values are calculated over afixed or sliding time window that may be set from 5 to 60 minutes.

currentsI demand A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakageI max demand A 1 2 3 N

A e-fault e-leakage

powerP, Q, S demand W, Var, VA totalsP, Q, S max demand W, Var, VA totals

MaximetersOnly the current maximeters may be displayed on the screen.

Histories and maintenance indicatorsThese functions are identical to those of the Micrologic P.

Note:Micrologic H control units come with a non-transparent lead-seal cover asstandard.

Micrologic H control units include all thefunctions offered by Micrologic P.Integrating significantly enhancedcalculation and memory functions, theMicrologic H control unit offers in-depthanalysis of power quality and detailedevent diagnostics. It is intended foroperation with a supervisor.

E88

759

Micrologic 7.0 H

.4.5.6

.7.8

.9.95.98

1

delay

short timeI itsd

(s)

on I2t

.2

.3.4 .4

.1

.2.3

.10off

instantaneous

long timealarmIr

x In

settingx Ir

22.5

3 4 568

10

Isd

1.5

.512

48

121620

tr(s)

@ 6 Ir24

x In

test

I (A)

U (V)

P (kW)

E (kWh)

Harmonics

2

410

3

6 8

1215

off

800

earth leakage

12

3 5 71020

30

Ðt(ms)

60.5

140

230 350

IÐn(A)

In s

hort


69

With the communication option

Additional measurements, maximeters and minimetersCertain measured or calculated values are only accessible with the COMcommunication option:b I peak / 2, (I1 + I2 + I3)/3, I imbalance

b load level in % Irb power factor (total and per phase)b voltage and current THDb K factors of currents and average K factorb crest factors of currents and voltagesb all the fundamentals per phaseb fundamental current and voltage phase displacementb distortion power and distortion factor phase by phaseb amplitude and displacement of current and voltage harmonics 3 to 31.The maximeters and minimeters are available only via the COM option for usewith a supervisor.

Waveform captureThe Micrologic H control unit stores the last 4 cycles of each instantaneouscurrent or voltage measurement. On request or automatically on programmedevents, the control unit stores the waveforms. The waveforms may be displayedin the form of oscillograms by a supervisor via the COM option.

Enhanced alarm programmingEach instantaneous value can be compared to user-set high and low thresholds.Overrun of a threshold generates an alarm. An alarm or combinations of alarmscan be linked to programmable actions, including circuit-breaker opening,activation of a M2C or M6C contact, selective recording of measurements in alog, waveform capture, etc.

Event log and maintenance registersThe Micrologic H offers the same event log and maintenance register functionsas the Micrologic P.

Additional technical characteristics

Setting the display languageSystem messages may be displayed in six different languages. The desiredlanguage is selected via the keypad.

Protection functionsAll current-based protection functions require no auxiliary source. Voltage-basedprotection functions are connected to AC power via a voltage measurement inputbuilt into the circuit breaker.

Measurement functionsMeasurement functions are independent of the protection functions.The high-accuracy measurement module operates independently of theprotection module, while remaining synchronised with protection events.

Measurement-calculation modeAn analogue calculation function dedicated to measurements enhances theaccuracy of harmonic calculations and the power-quality indicators. TheMicrologic H control unit calculates electrical magnitudes using 1.5 x In dynamics(20 x In for Micrologic P).Measurement functions implement the new "zero blind time" conceptEnergies are calculated on the basis of the instantaneous power values, in thetraditional and signed modes.Harmonic components are calculated using the discrete Fourier transform(DFT).

Waveform capture.

Display of harmonics up to 12th order.

Log.

E88

760

E88

761

E88

762

ModuleEventTime


Ready




0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12

% F

unda

men

tal

Harmonics

Phase A-N Voltage - Harmonics Analysis

Phase 1-N

Harmonics(RMS)

H2: 0.01H3: 0.45H4: 0.03H5: 0.45H6: 0.04H7: 1.27H8: 0.05H9: 0.42H10: 0.01H11: 1.03H12: 0.07

H1: 118.09

OK

Fundamental:

RMS:

RMS-H:

Peak:

CF:

THD:


Ready




-167

-83

0

83

167

Phase A-N Voltage

17 33 50 66

Phase B-N Voltage

-642

-321

0

321

642

Phase A Current

6617 33 50

-167

-83

0

83

167

17 33 50

Your Specific Device - Phase A-N Voltage

Harmonics(RMS)

H2: 0.01H3: 0.45H4: 0.03H5: 0.45H6: 0.04H7: 1.27H8: 0.05H9: 0.42H10: 0.01H11: 1.03H12: 0.07

H1: 118.09Fundamental: 118.08

RMS: 118.11

RMS-H: 2.38

Peak: 166.86

CF: 1.41

THD: 2.02

OK

ModuleEventTime


Ready




70

Accuracy of measurements (including sensors)cvoltage (V) 1%b current (A) 1.5%b frequency (Hz) 0.1 Hzb power (W) and energy (Wh) 2.5%b total harmonic distortion 1%

Stored informationThe fine-setting adjustments, the last 100 events and the maintenance registerremain in the control-unit memory even when power is lost.

Time-stampingTime-stamping is activated only if an external power supply module is present(max. drift of 1 hour per year).

ResetAn individual reset, via the keypad or remotely, acts on alarms, minimum andmaximum data, peak values, the counters and the indicators.

Micrologic H "harmonics"6.2. Control unitscharacteristics

71

There are two possibilities for the 100 to 630 A range:b communicating auxiliariesThey replace the standard auxiliaries and connect directly to the Digipact bus.Three equipment levels:v communicating auxiliary contacts, comprising:- OF (on/off), SD (trip indication) and SDE (fault-trip indication) contacts- electronic module- prefabricated wiring.v communicating auxiliary contacts and motor-mechanism module, comprising:- OF (on/off), SD (trip indication) and SDE (fault-trip indication) contacts- motor-mechanism module (220 V AC) (1)- electronic module- prefabricated wiring.v communicating carriage switches for the chassis, comprising:- CE / CD (connected/disconnected position) contacts- electronic module- wiring connector.b SC150 interfaceUsing the SC150 interface, it is possible to integrate a device equipped with non-communicating auxiliaries into a supervison system.The SC150 interface is used to connect:v the auxiliary contacts on the circuit breaker (OF, SD, SDE, SDV, CD, CE)v the remote-operation system (on, off, reset)v the communication output for the STR53UE and STR43ME electronic trip unitsequipped with the COM optionv an unassigned digital input.

Compact withcommunicating SC150auxiliaries

device identificationaddress b brating - -

indication of status conditionsOF (on/off) b bSD (trip indication) b bSDE (fault-trip indication) b bCE/CD (connected/disconnected position) b b

controlsON/OFF b bLED reset b b

protection settingsReading of the protection settings b

operating and maintenance aidsMeasurements:

currents bFault readings:

type of fault bIndications:

operation counter b b

(1) For voltages other than 220 V AC, use a standard motor-mechanism module (non-communicating) together with an SC150 indication and control interface.

Integration of the circuit breaker or theswitch-disconnector in a supervisonsystem requires either the communicatingauxiliaries or the SC150 interface.Compact devices fit perfectly in the SMSPowerlogic electrical installationmanagement system by communicatingusing Digipact protocols. An externalgateway offers communication via othernetworks including:b Profibusb Ethernet…

0531

72si

Compact NS equipped with communicating auxiliary contactsand motor-mechanism module.

Withdrawable Compact NS on its chassis equipped withcommunicating auxiliary contacts.

0544

81si

SC150 indication and control interface.

0545

16si

Compact NS100 to 630

In s

hort

6.3. Communicationcharacteristics

72

Masterpact NT / NW

For fixed devices, the COM option is made up of:b a "device" communication module, installed behind the Micrologic control unitand supplied with its set of sensors (OF, SDE ,PF and CH micro-contacts) andits kit for connection to XF and MX communicating voltage releases.For drawout devices, the COM option is made up of:b a "device" communication module, installed behind the Micrologic control unitand supplied with its set of sensors (OF, SDE, PF and CH micro-contacts) andits kit for connection to XF and MX communicating voltage releasesb a "chassis" communication module supplied separately with its set of sensors(CE, CD and CT contacts).Status indication by the COM option is independent of the device indicationcontacts. These contacts remain available for conventional uses.

Digipact or Modbus "Device" communication moduleThis module is independent of the control unit. It receives and transmitsinformation on the communication network. An infra-red link transmits databetween the control unit and the communication module.Consumption: 30 mA, 24 V.

Digipact or Modbus "chassis" communication moduleThis module is independent of the control unit. With Modbus "chassis"communication module, this module makes it possible to address the chassisand to maintain the address when the circuit breaker is in the disconnectedposition.Consumption: 30 mA, 24 V.

XF and MX communicating voltage releasesThe XF and MX communicating voltage releases are equipped for connection tothe "device" communication module.The remote-tripping function (second MX or MN) are independent of thecommunication option. They are not equipped for connection to the "device"communication module.

+

+

CCM modbus

+

CE

CD

CT

3

OFSDEPFCH

MXXF

CECT

CD 5

4

2

1

CC

C

communicationbus

1 "Device" communication module : hard wire2 "Chassis" communication module : communication bus3 OF, SDE, PF and CH "device" sensors4 CE, CD and CT "chassis" sensors5 MX and XF release.

Note:Eco COM is limited to the transmission of metering data and does not allow thecontrol of the circuit breaker.

The COM option is required forintegration of the circuit breaker or switch-disconnector in a supervision system.Masterpact uses the Digipact or Modbuscommunications protocol for fullcompatibility with the SMS PowerLogicelectrical-installation managementsystems. An external gateway is availablefor communication on other networks:b Profibusb Ethernet…

Digipact "device"communication module.

Digipact "chassis"communication module.

0564

31si

0564

01si

E88

758E

Modbus "chassis"communication module.

E45

183s

i

Modbus "device"communication module.05

6431

si

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73

Overview of functionsThe Masterpact circuit breakers and switch-disconnectors are compatible withthe Digipact or Modbus COM option.The COM option may be used with all types of control units to:b identify the deviceb indicate status conditionsb control the device.Depending on the different types of Micrologic (A, P, H) control units, the COMoption also offers:b setting of the protection and alarms functionsb analysis of the AC-power parameters for operating-assistance andmaintenance purposes.

switch-disconnector circuit breaker with

with communic. bus communication busDigipact Modbus Digipact Modbus

device identificationaddress b b A P H A P Hcalibre - - A P H A P Htype of device - - P Htype of control unit - - A P H A P Htype of long-time rating plug - - A P H A P H

status indicationsON/OFF OF b b A P H A P Hspring charged CH b b A P H A P Hready to close PF b b A P H A P Hfault-trip SDE - - A P H A P Hconnected/disconnected/test b b A P H A P Hposition CE/CD/CT

controlsON/OFF MX/XF b b A P H A P Hspring charging - -reset of the mechanical - -indicator

protections and alarms settingsreading of protections settings A P H A P Hwriting of fine settings in the range P Himposed by the adjustment dialsreading/writing of alarms (délestage, relestage, M2C…) P Hreading/writing of alarms personnalisables H

operating and maintenance aidsmeasurement:

current A P H A P Hvoltages, frequency, power, etc. P H P Hpower quality: fundamental, harmonics Hprogramming of demand metering P H

fault readings:type of fault A P Hinterrupted current P H

waveform capture:on faults Hon demand or programmed H

histories and logs:trip history P Halarm history P Hevent logs P H

indicators:counter operation A P H A P Hcontact wear P Hmaintenance register P H

Note:See the description of the Micrologic control units for further details on protectionand alarms, measurements, waveform capture, histories, logs and maintenanceindicators.

E88

760

ModuleEventTime


Ready




0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

1,20

H2 H3 H4 H5 H6 H7 H8 H9 H10 H11 H12

% F

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Harmonics

Phase A-N Voltage - Harmonics Analysis

Phase 1-N

Harmonics(RMS)

H2: 0.01H3: 0.45H4: 0.03H5: 0.45H6: 0.04H7: 1.27H8: 0.05H9: 0.42H10: 0.01H11: 1.03H12: 0.07

H1: 118.09

OK

Fundamental:

RMS:

RMS-H:

Peak:

CF:

THD:

74

Masterpact, Compact NSin a communication network

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Data concentratorDC150

Digipact Bus ModBUS Bus

Device

CommunicationBus

Communicationinterface

Software

DevicesCircuit breakers equipped with Micrologic control units may be connected toeither a Digipact or Modbus communication bus. The information made availabledepends on the type of Micrologic control unit (S, A) and on the type ofcommunication bus (Digipact or Modbus).Switch-disconnectors may be connected exclusively to the Digipactcommunication bus.

Communication bus

Digipact busThe Digipact bus is the internal bus of the low-voltage switchboard in which theDigipact communicating devices are installed (with Digipact COM, PM150,SC150, UA150, etc.). This bus must be equipped with a DC150 data concentrator(see the Powerlogic System catalogue).

AddressesAddressing is carried out by the DC150 data concentrator.

Number of devicesThe maximum number of devices that may be connected to the Digipact bus iscalculated in terms of "communication points". These points correspond to theamount of traffic the bus can handle. The total number of points for the variousdevices connected to a single bus must not exceed 100.If the required devices represent more than 100 points, add a second Digipactinternal bus.

Communicating device Number of pointsDC150 data concentrator 4Micrologic + Digipact COM 4PM150 4SC150 4UA150 4

Length of busThe maximum recommended length for the Digipact internal bus is 200 meters.

Bus power sourcePower is supplied by the DC150 data concentrator (24 V).

E88

763E


75

Modbus busThe Modbus RS485 (JBus) system is an open bus on which communicatingModbus devices (Compact with Modbus COM, PM300, Sepam, Vigilohm, etc.) areinstalled. All types of PLCs and microcomputers may be connected to the bus.

AddressesThe software layer of the Modbus protocol can manage up to 255 addresses(1 to 255).The "device" communication module comprises three addresses linked to:b circuit-breaker manager;b measurement manager;b protection manager.The "chassis" communication module comprises one address linked to:b the chassis manager.The division of the system into four managers secures data exchange with thesupervision system and the circuit-breaker actuators.The manager addresses are automatically derived from the circuit-breakeraddress @xx entered via the Micrologic control unit (the default address is 47).

logic addresses@xx Circuit-breaker manager (1 to 47)@xx + 50 Chassis manager (51 to 97)@xx + 200 Measurement managers (201 to 247)@xx + 100 Protection manager (101 to 147)

Number of devicesThe maximum number of devices that may be connected to the Modbus busdepends on the type of device (Compact with Modbus COM, PM300, Sepam,Vigilohm, etc.), the baud rate (19200 is recommended), the volume of dataexchanged and the desired response time. The RS485 physical layer offers up to32 connection points on the bus (1 master, 31 slaves).A fixed device requires only one connection point (communication module on thedevice).A drawout device uses two connection points (communication modules on thedevice and on the chassis).The number must never exceed 31 fixed devices or 15 drawout devices.

Length of busThe maximum recommended length for the Modbus bus is 1200 meters.

Bus power sourceA 24 V DC power supply is required (less than 20% ripple, insulation class II).

Communication interfaceThe Modbus bus may be connected to the central processing device in any ofthree manners:b direct link to a PLC. The communication interface is not required if the PLC isequipped with a Modbus port;b direct link to a computer. The Modbus (RS485) / Serial port (RS232)communication interface is required;b connection to a TCP/IP (Ethernet) network. The Modbus (RS485) / TCP/IP(Ethernet) communication interface is required.

SoftwareTo make use of the information provided by the communicating devices, softwarewith a Modbus driver must be used.

Micrologic utilitiesThis is a set of Modbus drivers that may be used with a PC to:b display the variables (I, U, P, E, etc.) with the RDU (Remote Display Utility)b read/write the settings with the RSU (Remote Setting Utility)b remotely control (ON / OFF) the device with the RCU (Remote Control Utility)These utilities are available on request.

76

System Manager Software (SMS)SMS is a power management software for the control and monitoring of LV andMV electrical installations.The SMS family includes a number of products for all types of applications, fromstandalone systems to networked power management of multiple buildings.SMS can communicate with all intelligent devices of the electrical installationincluding:b Power Meter and Circuit Monitor productsb LV circuit breakers and switch-disconnectorsb Sepam units.

Masterpact, Compact NSdans le réseau de communication

6.3. Caractéristiquesde la communication

As standards and design change from time to time, always ask for confirmation of theinformation given in this publication.

Published by: Schneider ElectricDesign and layout by: AMEGPrinted by:

Schneider Electric Industries SA5, rue Nadar92506 Rueil MalmaisonCedex France

Tel : +33 (0)1 41 29 82 00Fax : +33 (0)1 47 51 80 20

http://www.schneiderelectric.com

This document was printed on ecological paper.

DBTP172GUI/EN

© 2

001

Sch

neid

er E

lect

ric -

All

right

s re

serv

ed

11/2001

Lv genset protection

Engineering

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