Lps 800 Apple Ng Guide

LoopStar® 800 Application and Engineering Manual

Document Number: LPS800-UM-APPL-05

Product Catalog: LPS-FRM800-Lx

REVISION HISTORYThe Revision History provides a summary of any changes in this manual. Please make sure you are using thelatest revision of this manual.April 14, 2006

This manual is available online at ADC’s website (www.adc.com/documentationlibrary/) or you can order copiesof the manual by contacting your sales representative. Please ask for document LPS800-UM-APPL-05.

Copyright©2009 ADC Telecommunications, Inc. All rights reserved.

Trademark InformationADC and LoopStar are registered trademarks of ADC Telecommunications, Inc. No right, license, or interest to such trade-marks is granted hereunder, and you agree that no such right, license, or interest shall be asserted by you with respect tosuch trademark.

Other product names mentioned in this practice are used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or regis-tered trademarks of their respective companies.

Disclaimer of LiabilityInformation contained in this document is company private to ADC Telecommunications, Inc., and shall not be modified,used, copied, reproduced or disclosed in whole or in part without the written consent of ADC.

Contents herein are current as of the date of publication. ADC reserves the right to change the contents without prior notice.In no event shall ADC be liable for any damages resulting from loss of data, loss of use, or loss of profits, and ADC furtherdisclaims any and all liability for indirect, incidental, special, consequential or other similar damages. This disclaimer ofliability applies to all products, publications and services during and after the warranty period.

Revision Release Date Revisions Made01 October 27, 2004 Initial release.

02 November 8, 2004 Replaced iManager with Element Mangement System (EMS) – globally.

03 July 12, 2005 Updated with changes from platform Release 2.

04 January 31, 2006 Updated with changes from platform Release 2.1.

05 February 23, 2009 Technical Update.

Table of Contents

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 iii

About This Document ...................................................................................... xiii

Chapter 1: System Overview .......................................................................... 1-1System Architecture ............................................................................................................. 1-2

NE Structure Chassis ..................................................................................................................... 1-2Functional Modules .................................................................................................................. 1-2

LoopStar EMS ................................................................................................................................ 1-3NE Types ........................................................................................................................................ 1-4

Terminal Multiplexer ................................................................................................................. 1-4Add/Drop Multiplexer ................................................................................................................ 1-5Multiple Add/Drop Multiplexers ................................................................................................ 1-5

Features ......................................................................................................................................... 1-6Physical Design ........................................................................................................................ 1-6Interfaces .................................................................................................................................. 1-6SFP/eSFP Optical Interface ..................................................................................................... 1-6Temperature Harden ................................................................................................................ 1-6Access Capacity ....................................................................................................................... 1-7Service Configurations ............................................................................................................. 1-7DCC Processing Capability ...................................................................................................... 1-7Equipment Installation .............................................................................................................. 1-7

Functionality ................................................................................................................................... 1-7Large Multi-System Capability ................................................................................................. 1-7Ethernet Service Processing Capability ................................................................................... 1-8Networking Capability ............................................................................................................... 1-8Protection Mechanism .............................................................................................................. 1-8Operation and Communication ................................................................................................ 1-9Simple Network Management Protocol .................................................................................... 1-9Port Dynamic Management Function ....................................................................................... 1-9State Model .............................................................................................................................. 1-10Power Supply, Environment Monitoring and Alarm Output Function ....................................... 1-10

Chapter 2: Modules and Reliability Design ................................................... 2-1Functional Modules ........................................................................................................................ 2-1

SONET Interface Module ......................................................................................................... 2-2DSn/EC1 Processing and Interface Module ............................................................................ 2-2Ethernet Interface Module ........................................................................................................ 2-3Cross-Connect Matrix Module .................................................................................................. 2-4Synchronous Timing Module .................................................................................................... 2-6System Control and Communication Module ........................................................................... 2-9Power Module .......................................................................................................................... 2-10Fan Module .............................................................................................................................. 2-10

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iv LPS800-UM-APPL-05

Reliability Design ............................................................................................................................ 2-11Network Level Protection ......................................................................................................... 2-11Equipment Level Protection ..................................................................................................... 2-11Protection in Abnormal Conditions ........................................................................................... 2-14Data Security ............................................................................................................................ 2-14

Chapter 3: Technical Specifications .............................................................. 3-1Optical Interface Specifications .......................................................................................... 3-1

OC-12 Optical Specifications ......................................................................................................... 3-1Fixed Optical Interface ............................................................................................................. 3-1SFP/eSFP Optical Interface ..................................................................................................... 3-2

OC-3 Optical Specifications ........................................................................................................... 3-3Fixed Optical Interface ............................................................................................................. 3-3SFP/eSFP Optical Interface ..................................................................................................... 3-4

Output Jitter of OC-N/EC-1 Interface ............................................................................................. 3-5Input Jitter Tolerance of OC-N/EC1 Interface ................................................................................ 3-5

Electrical Interface Specifications ...................................................................................... 3-6Signal Bit Rate at Output Port ........................................................................................................ 3-6Attenuation Tolerance at Input Port ................................................................................................ 3-6Acceptable Frequency Deviation at Input Port ............................................................................... 3-6Input Jitter Tolerance of DSn Port .................................................................................................. 3-6Mapping Jitter of DSn Port ............................................................................................................. 3-7Combined Jitter of DSn Port .......................................................................................................... 3-7

Ethernet Interface Specifications ........................................................................................ 3-7GE Optical Interface Specifications ................................................................................................ 3-7FE Optical Interface Specifications ................................................................................................ 3-8FE Electrical Interface Specifications ............................................................................................. 3-8

Management Interface Specifications ................................................................................ 3-8Ethernet Interface ........................................................................................................................... 3-8TL1 Craft Interface ......................................................................................................................... 3-8

Timing and Synchronization Specifications ...................................................................... 3-9Output Jitter .................................................................................................................................... 3-9Long-Term Phase Variation in Locked Mode ................................................................................. 3-9Output Frequency of Internal Oscillator in Free-Run Mode ........................................................... 3-9

Mechanical Specifications ................................................................................................... 3-10Dimensions ..................................................................................................................................... 3-10Weight ............................................................................................................................................ 3-10

Power Specifications ............................................................................................................ 3-10

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LPS800-UM-APPL-05 v

Environmental Specifications ............................................................................................. 3-10Temperature and Humidity ............................................................................................................. 3-10Earthquake Resistance .................................................................................................................. 3-10Fire Resistance .............................................................................................................................. 3-10

Chapter 4: Configuration and Networking .................................................... 4-1Access Capability ........................................................................................................................... 4-1Configuration Mode ........................................................................................................................ 4-2

Basic Configuration Principles ................................................................................................. 4-2Typical NE Configuration .......................................................................................................... 4-3

Operations ............................................................................................................................. 4-6Interface to the NE ......................................................................................................................... 4-6IP Over DCC .................................................................................................................................. 4-6Security .......................................................................................................................................... 4-7

User Management .................................................................................................................... 4-7Security Management .............................................................................................................. 4-7

SONET Service Networking ................................................................................................. 4-8Chain Network and Its Extended Hub Network .............................................................................. 4-8Ring Network .................................................................................................................................. 4-9Combined Network of Ring and Chain ........................................................................................... 4-10Dual Homed Ring ........................................................................................................................... 4-11Dual Ring Interconnection .............................................................................................................. 4-11

Ethernet Service Networking ............................................................................................... 4-12Ethernet Private Line ...................................................................................................................... 4-12

Chain Networking ..................................................................................................................... 4-12Ring Network ............................................................................................................................ 4-13

Ethernet Virtual Private Line ........................................................................................................... 4-13EVPL Service Based on the Shared External Port .................................................................. 4-13EVPL Service Based on the Shared VCTRUNK Channel ....................................................... 4-14

Ethernet Private LAN ..................................................................................................................... 4-15Application of VLAN Nesting .......................................................................................................... 4-16

Chapter 5: Unit Parameters Configuration .................................................... 5-1DSn/EC1 Processing Units ............................................................................................................ 5-1Optical Interface Units .................................................................................................................... 5-2EC-1 Processing Units ................................................................................................................... 5-3Ethernet Interface Units .................................................................................................................. 5-3Cross-Connect, System Control, Timing and Optical Interface Integrated Units ........................... 5-5

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vi LPS800-UM-APPL-05

Unit Default Parameters ....................................................................................................... 5-7LPS-TO12D/LPS-TO3D/LPS-XO12D/LPS-XO12/LPS-XO3D/LPS-XO3 ...................................... 5-7LPS-PDT1/LPS-PLT1 ..................................................................................................................... 5-7LPS-PQT3A/LPS-PLT3/LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQM3/LPS-PQT3 ......................................................... 5-7LPS-OC12A/LPS-OC3O/LPS-OC3A/LPS-OC12D/LPS-OC12/LPS-OC3Q/LPS-OC3D/LPS-OC3 5-8LPS-ELS4/LPS-EFS8/LPS-EGS4/LPS-EGT2/LPS-ET4GS .......................................................... 5-8

Increment Configuration ...................................................................................................... 5-8

DSn/EC1 Protection .............................................................................................................. 5-9

Ethernet Service Protection ................................................................................................ 5-9

SONET Line Protection ........................................................................................................ 5-9Self-Healing Functions ................................................................................................................... 5-9Switching Types ............................................................................................................................. 5-9Operation Types ............................................................................................................................. 5-9External Commands ....................................................................................................................... 5-9Switching Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 5-9Switching Control ........................................................................................................................... 5-10

UPSR ...................................................................................................................................... 5-10Self-Healing Functions ................................................................................................................... 5-10Operation Types ............................................................................................................................. 5-10External Commands ....................................................................................................................... 5-10Switching Conditions ...................................................................................................................... 5-10

BLSR ...................................................................................................................................... 5-11Self-Healing Function ..................................................................................................................... 5-11Operation Type ............................................................................................................................... 5-11External Command ........................................................................................................................ 5-11Switching Condition ........................................................................................................................ 5-12

Appendix A: Basic Principle ......................................................................... A-1SONET Basic ................................................................................................................................. A-1

Levels of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy ................................................................................. A-1How Are DSn and ATM Signals Transported by SONET ........................................................ A-2Basic Frame Structure .............................................................................................................. A-4Overhead .................................................................................................................................. A-4ANSI/Telcordia Performance Analysis ..................................................................................... A-7

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LPS800-UM-APPL-05 vii

Ethernet Basic ....................................................................................................................... A-8Basic Technologies ........................................................................................................................ A-8

Half-Duplex CSMA/CD ............................................................................................................. A-8Full-Duplex Ethernet and Ethernet Switch ............................................................................... A-8Auto Negotiation ....................................................................................................................... A-8

Ethernet Frame Structure ............................................................................................................... A-9

Appendix B: Standards Compliance ........................................................... B-1

Appendix C: LoopStar 800 Glossary ........................................................... C-1

Appendix D: LoopStar 800 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................... D-1

Appendix E: Product Support ...................................................................... E-1

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viii LPS800-UM-APPL-05

List of Figures

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 ix

Figure 1-1. Position of the LoopStar 800 in the Transmission Network Hierarchy .............................. .. 1-1Figure 1-2. LoopStar 800 Chassis ........................................................................................................ .. 1-2Figure 1-3. LoopStar 800 Modules ....................................................................................................... .. 1-3Figure 1-4. Typical LoopStar EMS Client-server Structure .................................................................. .. 1-4Figure 1-5. Terminal Multiplexer ........................................................................................................... .. 1-4Figure 1-6. Add/Drop Multiplexer ......................................................................................................... .. 1-5Figure 1-7. Multiple Add/Drop Multiplexers .......................................................................................... .. 1-5Figure 2-1. Definitions of East and West .............................................................................................. .. 2-2Figure 2-2. Cross-Connect Matrix Module ........................................................................................... .. 2-4Figure 2-3. Direct Connection Mode .................................................................................................... .. 2-4Figure 2-4. Add/Drop Mode .................................................................................................................. .. 2-4Figure 2-5. Broadcast Mode ................................................................................................................. .. 2-5Figure 2-6. Cross-Connections Mode .................................................................................................. .. 2-6Figure 2-7. LoopStar 800 Timing Setup ............................................................................................... .. 2-7Figure 2-8. Functional components of the SCC ................................................................................... .. 2-9Figure 2-9. SCC Block Diagram ........................................................................................................... 2-10Figure 2-10. 1+1 and 1:N Protection .................................................................................................... .2-11Figure 2-11. 1:N (N[2) DS3/EC1 Protection ......................................................................................... 2-12Figure 2-12. 1:N (N[3) DS1 Protection ................................................................................................. 2-13Figure 2-13. 1:1 DS3/EC1 + 1:1 DS1 Protection ................................................................................. 2-13Figure 2-14. Ethernet Protection .......................................................................................................... 2-13Figure 3-1. Input Jitter Tolerance ......................................................................................................... .. 3-5Figure 3-2. DSn Port Input Jitter Tolerance .......................................................................................... .. 3-6Figure 4-1. Front Access Slot Assignments ......................................................................................... .. 4-2Figure 4-2. Rear Access Slot Assignments ......................................................................................... .. 4-2Figure 4-3. Slot Assignments of a TM .................................................................................................. .. 4-4Figure 4-4. Slot Assignments of an ADM ............................................................................................. .. 4-4Figure 4-5. Slot Assignments of an MADM .......................................................................................... .. 4-5Figure 4-6. LoopStar EMS Information Transparently Transmitted by the Third-Party Equipment ..... .. 4-6Figure 4-7. Transparently Transmitting the LoopStar EMS Information of the Third-Party Equipment .. 4-6Figure 4-8. Typical Chain Network ....................................................................................................... .. 4-8Figure 4-9. Typical Optical Hub Network ............................................................................................. .. 4-8Figure 4-10. Typical Basic Ring Network ............................................................................................. .. 4-9Figure 4-11. Typical Tangent Ring Network ......................................................................................... .. 4-9Figure 4-12. Intersection Ring Network ................................................................................................ 4-10Figure 4-13. Typical Hub Network Combining Ring Network and Linear Network .............................. 4-10Figure 4-14. Typical Dual Homed Ring ................................................................................................ .4-11Figure 4-15. Typical DNI Network ........................................................................................................ .4-11Figure 4-16. Typical Point-to-Point Ethernet Service Transmission (Chain) ........................................ 4-12Figure 4-17. Typical Point-to-Point Ethernet Service Transmission (Ring) .......................................... 4-12Figure 4-18. EVPL Service Based on the Shared External Port .......................................................... 4-13Figure 4-19. EVPL Service Based on the Shared VCTRUNK Channel .............................................. 4-14Figure 4-20. EPLAN Service ................................................................................................................ 4-15

List of Figures

x LPS800-UM-APPL-05

Figure 4-21. Typical convergence of NEST VLAN ............................................................................... 4-16Figure A-1. Insertion of Tributary Signals into an STS Frame ............................................................. ..A-2Figure A-2. SONET Multiplexing ......................................................................................................... ..A-3Figure A-3. STS-1 Frame ..................................................................................................................... ..A-4Figure A-4. Structure of the V5 Byte .................................................................................................... ..A-6Figure A-5. Allocation of Parity Bytes to Sections ................................................................................ ..A-7Figure A-6. Ethernet Frame Structure .................................................................................................. ..A-9

List of Tables

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 xi

Table 1-1. Service Interfaces ................................................................................................................ .. 1-3Table 1-2. Chassis Dimensions ............................................................................................................ .. 1-6Table 1-3. Interface Rate ...................................................................................................................... .. 1-6Table 1-4. Temperature Harden Features of the LoopStar 800 ........................................................... .. 1-6Table 2-1. Functional Modules of the LoopStar 800 ............................................................................. .. 2-1Table 2-2. SONET Interfaces ............................................................................................................... .. 2-2Table 2-3. Table DSn/EC1 Capacity ..................................................................................................... .. 2-2Table 2-4. Ethernet Interface Capacity ................................................................................................. .. 2-3Table 2-5. SSM Generation 1 Message Set ......................................................................................... .. 2-8Table 2-6. SSM Generation 2 Message Set ......................................................................................... .. 2-8Table 2-7. DSn/EC1 Work Unit and Corresponding Protection Unit .................................................... 2-12Table 2-8. TSlot Configuration Rules of Ethernet Protection When Configured with GXCS ............... 2-13Table 3-1. OC-12 Optical Specifications .............................................................................................. .. 3-1Table 3-2. OC-12 SFP/eSFP Optical Specifications ............................................................................ .. 3-2Table 3-3. OC-3 Optical Specifications ................................................................................................ .. 3-3Table 3-4. OC-3 SFP/eSFP Optical Specifications .............................................................................. .. 3-4Table 3-5. OC-N/EC-1 Interface Output Jitter ...................................................................................... .. 3-5Table 3-6. OC-N/EC1 Interface Input Jitter Tolerance .......................................................................... .. 3-5Table 3-7. Output Port Bit Rate ............................................................................................................ .. 3-6Table 3-8. Input Port Attenuation Tolerance ......................................................................................... .. 3-6Table 3-9. Input Port Acceptable Frequency Deviation ........................................................................ .. 3-6Table 3-10. DSn Port Input Jitter Tolerance ......................................................................................... .. 3-6Table 3-11. DSn Port Mapping Jitter .................................................................................................... .. 3-7Table 3-12. DSn port Combined Jitter .................................................................................................. .. 3-7Table 3-13. GE Optical Interface Specifications ................................................................................... .. 3-7Table 3-14. FE Optical Interface Specifications ................................................................................... .. 3-8Table 3-15. FE Electrical Interface Specifications ................................................................................ .. 3-8Table 3-16. Output Jitter Requirements ............................................................................................... .. 3-9Table 3-17. Long-Term Phase Variations ............................................................................................ .. 3-9Table 3-18. Output Frequency Accuracy .............................................................................................. .. 3-9Table 4-1. Types of Access Services ................................................................................................... .. 4-1Table 4-2. Access Capabilities ............................................................................................................. .. 4-1Table 4-3. Valid Slots and Units ............................................................................................................ .. 4-3Table 4-4. Slot assignments of a TM .................................................................................................... .. 4-4Table 4-5. Slot Assignment of an ADM ................................................................................................ .. 4-5Table 4-6. Slot Assignments of an MADM ........................................................................................... .. 4-5Table 4-7. LoopStar 800 Interface Connections ................................................................................... .. 4-6

List of Tables

xii LPS800-UM-APPL-05

Table A-1. Line Rates for Standard SONET Interface Signals (through N = 192) ............................... ..A-1Table A-2. Summary of the STS-1 Overhead ...................................................................................... ..A-4Table A-3. Overhead Bytes and Their Functions ................................................................................. ..A-5Table A-4. Structure of the STS-1 Path Overhead ............................................................................... ..A-6Table A-5. Structure of the VT Path Overhead ..................................................................................... ..A-6Table A-6. Anomalies and Associated OH Bytes ................................................................................. ..A-7Table B-1. Recommendations and Standards with Which LoopStar 800 Complies ............................ ..B-1

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 xiii

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

PURPOSEDescribes the LoopStar 800 and provides information on how to build a network with the LoopStar 800.

INTENDED AUDIENCEThis manual is intended for:

• Planning personnel• Network engineers• Lab personnel

RELATED MANUALSThe related manuals are listed in the following table.

Manual Usage

LoopStar 800 WebLCT Manual Introduces configuration and maintenance operations of LoopStar 800 Series LCT.

LoopStar 800/LoopStar 1600/LoopStar 3600 Operations Manual

Introduces configuration and maintenance operations of LoopStar 800/1600/3600 Series EMS.

LoopStar 800 Installation Manual Describes how to install the LoopStar 800 Series.

LoopStar 800 Hardware Description Manual Describes the LoopStar 800 Series system hardware including chassis, power interface module, fan tray assembly, plug-in units, and the interfaces.

LoopStar 800/LoopStar 1600/LoopStar 3600 TL1 Commands Manual

Detailed introduction to the TL1 commands used in the LoopStar 800/1600/3600 Series.

LoopStar 800 Maintenance Manual Describes how to perform routine maintenance and how to troubleshoot the LoopStar 800 Series system.

LoopStar 800 Alarm and Performance Reference Manual

Describes alarm and performance monitoring.

LoopStar 800 Ordering Manual Describes slot assignments, engineering details and ordering information on hardware and software.

xiv LPS800-UM-APPL-05

ORGANIZATIONThe manual is organized as follows:

Chapter Description

Chapter 1: System Overview Describes the LoopStar 800 series system architecture, the network management, interfaces and functions.

Chapter 2: Modules and Reliability Design Describes each LoopStar 800 series modules supplied. It also introduces the reliability design of the LoopStar 800 series, including the network survivability, the equipment hardware stability, and protection in abnormal conditions, the software fault tolerance and data security.

Chapter 3: Technical Specifications Provides some important technical specifications of the LoopStar 800 series.

Chapter 4: Configuration and Networking Introduces the relevant information and precautions during the hardware configuration of the LoopStar 800 series. In addition, it tells the information required for networking configuration and network programming.

Chapter 5: Unit Parameters Configuration Describes the main function of each unit. Introduces the function of networking, protection and so on.

Chapter A: Basic Principle Describes the fundamental pieces of SONET and Ethernet.

Chapter B: Standards Compliance Lists the standards and recommendations with which the LoopStar 800 series equipment complies.

Chapter C: LoopStar 800 Glossary Defines abbreviations, acronyms, and terms for the LoopStar 800 series product line.

Chapter D: LoopStar 800 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Defines acronyms and abbreviations for the LoopStar 800/1600/3200 series product line.

Chapter E: Product Support Provides information on how to contact the ADC Technical Support group.

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 xv

CONVENTIONSThe following style conventions and terminology are used throughout this guide.

Element Meaning

Bold font Text that you must input exactly as shown (e.g., type 1 for card 1), menu buttons (e.g., ACCEPT SHELF OPTIONS) or menu screen options (e.g., ALARMS screen) that you must select

Italic font Variables that you must determine before inputting the correct value (e.g., Password )

Monospace font References to screen prompts (e.g., Invalid Password...Try Again:.)

Reader Alert Meaning

Alerts you to supplementary information

!IMPORTANT Alerts you to supplementary information that is essential to the completion of a task

ATTENTION

Alerts you to possible equipment damage from electrostatic discharge

CAUTION Alerts you to possible data loss, service-affecting procedures, or other similar type problems

WARNINGAlerts you that failure to take or avoid a specific action might result in hardware damage or loss of service

DANGER Alerts you that failure to take or avoid a specific action might result in personal harm

xvi LPS800-UM-APPL-05

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 1-1

1ChapterSYSTEM OVERVIEWThe LoopStar 800 is a new generation of integrated optical transmission system from ADC Telecommunications, Inc. (referred to as ADC hereinafter). It is applied at the access layer in the transmission network hierarchy (Figure 1-1).

The LoopStar 800 supports various services as follows:

• DSn services, including DS1, DS3, EC1, DS3 Transmux • SONET services, including OC-3, OC-12 • SONET adjacent concatenation services, including STS-3c, STS-6c, STS-9c, STS-12c • Ethernet services, including Fast Ethernet (FE), Gigabit Ethernet (GE)

Figure 1-1. Position of the LoopStar 800 in the Transmission Network Hierarchy

Chapter 1: System Overview

1-2 LPS800-UM-APPL-05

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

NE STRUCTURE CHASSISThe LoopStar 800 chassis adopts a case-shape structure that integrates the fan, the power interface unit, and several optional plug-in units (Figure 1-2).

This high-density product can accommodate selected units to meet specific network requirements.

Figure 1-2. LoopStar 800 Chassis

The chassis, composed of a front and a rear panel, can house different units. For slot assignment and related information, refer to Chapter 1 “Product Overview” in the Hardware Description Manual.

Functional ModulesThe logical system of the LoopStar 800 is mainly composed of the following modules:

• SONET interface module • DSn/EC1 interface module • Ethernet interface module • Cross-connect module • System control and communication module (SCC) • Synchronous timing module

For the logic system structure of the LoopStar 800, see Figure 1-3.



Figure 1-3. LoopStar 800 Modules

Table 1-1 shows the service interfaces provided by the LoopStar 800.

Table 1-1. Service Interfaces

When configured with the LPS-TO12D, the SONET cross-connect module can provide 132 x 132 STS-1s higher order cross-connect capacity or 3696 x 3696 VT1.5s lower order cross-connect capacity.

When configured with the LPS-TO3D/LPS-XO12D/LPS-XO3D/LPS-XO12/LPS-XO3, the SONET cross-connect module can provide smaller higher order cross-connect capacity and smaller or none lower order cross-connect capacity.

The synchronous timing module processes the accessed external BITS clock reference source and the line clock reference source. In addition, it provides the system with clock reference source.

The SCC provides a system control and communication interface and an EMS interface. It also provides an external maintenance interface, a housekeeping interface, and an alarm interface.

LOOPSTAR EMSThe LoopStar 800 can be managed by the LoopStar EMS or by using the standard TL1 interface of the system.

The LoopStar EMS has a Graphic User Interface (GUI) which manages, maintains, and tests the system and the network in terms of faults, performance, configuration, and security.

The LoopStar EMS improves service quality, reduces maintenance cost, and guarantees the proper use of the network resource.

Module It provides

SONET interface module OC-3/OC-12 (supporting STS-1/STS-3c/STS-6c/STS-9c/STS-12c)

DSn/EC1 interface module DS1/DS3/EC1/DS3 transmux

Ethernet transparent transmission interface 10/100BASE-TX, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX



See Figure 1-4 for a typical LoopStar EMS client-server structure. The server and the client computers can be PCs or workstations.

Figure 1-4. Typical LoopStar EMS Client-server Structure

NE TYPESThe LoopStar 800 Network Element (NE) can be configured to act as a Terminal Multiplexer, an Add/Drop Multiplexer, and a Multiple ADM (MADM).

Terminal MultiplexerThe Terminal Multiplexer (TM) is used to aggregate DSn/EC1 signals and Ethernet signals into OC-N signals (Figure 1-5).

Figure 1-5. Terminal Multiplexer



Add/Drop MultiplexerThe LoopStar 800 can be configured to act as an Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM) (Figure 1-6).

DSn/EC1 or Ethernet services can be added to or dropped from SONET bit streams at the ADM without affecting the traffic. This feature makes it possible to set up a UPSR network. The traffic between the ADMs is all cross-connected in the cross-connect matrix.

Figure 1-6. Add/Drop Multiplexer

Multiple Add/Drop MultiplexersThe SONET system is generally configured to be a single TM/ADM that multiplexes services and transports them from tributary interfaces (DSn/EC1/Ethernet) to line interfaces (OC-N).

The LoopStar 800 can be configured to act as an Multiple Add/Drop Multiplexers (MADM) that share one cross-connect matrix in one system (Figure 1-7). The services of different ADMs can be flexibly groomed.

Figure 1-7. Multiple Add/Drop Multiplexers

The slots for an MADM can hold various access and processing units. Service grooming can be performed from tributary-to-line, line-to-line, and tributary-to-tributary. The difference between a tributary interface and a line interface becomes smaller and thus service access and grooming capabilities are greatly enhanced.

The MADM makes the LoopStar 800 fit for complex Metropolitan Area Network (MAN).



FEATURES

Physical DesignFor the dimensions of the LoopStar 800 chassis, refer to Table 1-2.

Table 1-2. Chassis Dimensions

InterfacesFor the rate on each interface, refer to Table 1-3.

Table 1-3. Interface Rate

SFP/eSFP Optical InterfaceThe LPS-TO12D, LPS-TO3D, LPS-XO12D, LPS-XO12, LPS-XO3D, LPS-XO3, LPS-OC12A, LPS-OC3O, LPS-OC3A, LPS-OC3Q, LPS-OC12D, LPS-OC12, LPS-OC3D, LPS-OC3, LPS-EFS8, LPS-ELS4, LPS-EGT2, LPS-EGS4 and LPS-ET4GS support Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) optical interfaces or Enhanced Small Form-Factor Pluggable (eSFP) optical interfaces.

The SFP/eSFP optical interfaces in the units can be inserted and removed separately. This makes it easy and flexible to manage and maintain the optical units.

Temperature HardenWhen LoopStar 800 assembly chassis of type 2 is used, it can withstand the temperature and humidity environments in transportation and storage, which is called Temperature Harden (TH) features. For details, refer to Table 1-4.

Table 1-4. Temperature Harden Features of the LoopStar 800

The following units conform to TH features:

• All DSn processing and protection units, including LPS-PLT1, LPS-PDT1, LPS-PLT3, LPS-PQT3A, LPS-PQT3B, LPS-PDM3, LPS-PDM3P, LPS-PDLTM, LPS-PQT3.

• All DSn interface unit, including LPS-PSI1, LPS-PI13, LPS-POI3, LPS-PQDIM. • All XO/TO units, including LPS-XO12D, LPS-XO12, LPS-XO3D, LPS-XO3, LPS-TO12D, LPS-TO3D.• Some optical interface unit, including LPS-OC3A, LPS-OC12A. • Some Ethernet unit, including LPS-EGT2/LPS-ELS4. • FAN, PIU.

English system 17.2 in. (W) x 3.4 in. (H) x 12.0 in. (D)

Metric system 436 mm (W) x 86 mm (H) x 305 mm (D)

Interface Line Bit Rate

SONET OC-3/OC-12 (supporting STS-1/STS-3c/ STS-6c/STS-9c/STS-12c)

DSn/EC1 DS1/DS3/EC1/DS3 Transmux

Ethernet 10/100BASE-TX, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-SX/LX

Conditions Temperature Rang Humidity RangeOperation –40 to 149°F (–40 to 65°C) 5% to 90% RH (under 40°C) (able to be started at –20°C)Storage and shipment –40 to 158°F (–40 to 70°C) 10% to 100% RH



Access Capacity

Service ConfigurationsThe LoopStar 800 can be configured to act as the TM, ADM or MADM. One NE can be configured either as a single OC-3/OC-12 TM or ADM, or as an OC-3/OC-12 MADM. It also supports the cross-connect between multiple systems.

DCC Processing CapabilityThe LoopStar 800 can provide 20 optical interfaces supporting the DCC communication. It can process in maximum of 20 channels of DCC (D1 to D3 bytes) or 16 channels of DCC (D4 to D12 bytes). With DCC transparent transmission and displacement ability, the DCC data need not be changed in multi-vendor interworking.

The LoopStar 800 supports IP over DCC and OSI over DCC.

The IP over DCC conforms to TCP/IP telecommunications standards. It controls remote NEs through the Internet.

The LoopStar 800 supports OSPF protocol, a dynamic routing protocol based on link state.

TP4 is a simple protocol located at the transport layer, the fourth layer of the OSI standard model. TP4 is equivalent to the TCP service of the TCP/IP protocol.TP4 provides reliable transmission for services by dealing with the anomalies (i.e., packet loss, repetitive packet, packet timeout, and network failure).

Equipment InstallationThe LoopStar 800 is 3.4 inch (86 mm) high and can be easily installed in a 19-inch or 23-inch rack.

For its small dimensions and light weight, it meets multiple installation requirements of different customers.

Desktop installation can be done in a simple equipment room and the installation cost is reduced.

FUNCTIONALITY

Large Multi-System CapabilityThe LoopStar 800 has a powerful cross-connect capability.

When configured with the LPS-TO12D, the LoopStar 800 provides 132 x 132 STS-1s higher order cross-connect capacity and 3696 x 3696 VT1.5s lower order cross-connect capacity.

When configured with the LPS-TO3D/LPS-XO12D/LPS-XO3D/LPS-XO12/LPS-XO3, the LoopStar 800 provides smaller higher order cross-connect capacity and smaller or none lower order cross-connect capacity.

ServiceMaximum Interfaces per

Plug-in UnitMaximum Interfaces of Each

Fully Loaded ChassisOC-12 2 11OC-3 8 32DS3 12 24DS3 (Transmux) 12 24DS1 28 8410/100BASE-TX (FE) 8 32100BASE-FX (FE) 4 161000BASE-FX (GE) 4 12



Supported by the cross-connect matrix of large capacity and software functions, the LoopStar 800 can be configured to be multiple TMs or MADMs on a single chassis. It supports service grooming and protection between multiple systems.

The LoopStar 800 can be used as a small-capacity local cross-connect system with its powerful cross-connect capability. This considerably enhances the networking and inter-network traffic grooming capabilities of the equipment.

Ethernet Service Processing CapabilityThe LoopStar 800 provides multiple Ethernet interfaces. It can provide up to 32 x 10/100BASE-TX electrical interfaces, 16 x 100BASE-FX optical interfaces, or 12 x 1000BASE-SX/LX optical interfaces.

Adopting LAPS, HDLC/PPP or GFP protocol, the LoopStar 800 can flexibly map Ethernet services into SONET frames with STS-1 and VT1.5 granularity and perform transparent transmission. Each Virtual Concatenation Group (VCG) can be configured with either VT1.5s or STS-1s.

The LoopStar 800 supports virtually concatenated mapping with STS-1 and VT1.5 granularity. The maximum configurable uplink bandwidth of one plug-in unit is 24 STS-1s.

The LoopStar 800 supports Ethernet Private Line (EPL), Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) and Ethernet Private LAN (EPLAN).

The LoopStar 800 supports the function of Committed Access Rate (CAR), Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS), testing packet, testing frame, and IEEE 802.1Q-in-Q.

Networking CapabilityThe LoopStar 800 provides powerful networking capabilities to meet the requirements of complex networking in the central office. It supports point-to-point, chain, ring, hub, mesh, as well as other topologies.

Protection Mechanism

The LoopStar 800 provides protection at both the equipment level and the network level.

All the STS-1s in one virtually concatenated path should be configured with uniform routing.

Equipment Level Protection

Redundancy hot standby 1+1 protection of XO/TO unit (cross-connect, system control, timing, and optical interface integrated unit)

1:N (N≤2) TPS protection of DS3/EC1/DS3 Transmux

1:N (N≤3) TPS protection of DS1

1:1 DS1 and 1:1 DS3 mixed TPS protection

Redundancy power access

Ethernet protection (only for LPS-EGS4)

Network Level Protection

1+1 and 1:N Linear Automatic Protection Switching (LAPS)

Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (UPSR)

Two-fiber Bidirectional Line Switched Ring (BLSR)



Operation and CommunicationThe LoopStar 800 provides interfaces for EMS or TL1 command to perform Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) of the network. EMS supports all the products of the SONET Metro and DWDM series.

The LoopStar 800 provides user-oriented standard Telnet and FTP ports to ensure the communications between the user and the LoopStar 800.

The IP over DCC function uses the SONET OAM channel to transfer IP packets. You can manage the equipment through IP access.

The LoopStar 800 is compatible with network management protocol of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol. If OSPF is not available, static routes can also connect to the LoopStar 800 through routers.

With the DCC tunnelling, DCC sections can be transparently transmitted by the LoopStar 800.

TP4 provides reliable transmission for services by dealing with the anomalies (i.e., packet loss, repetitive packet, packet timeout, and network failure).

Simple Network Management ProtocolThe Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an application layer protocol for network management. Through SNMP, management information can be transmitted between any two network devices.

SNMP enables the network administrator to:

• Monitor network performance • Configure the equipment • Detect and clear network faults • Plan network capacity

ADC equipment provides the SNMP interface. You can connect the equipment to the integrated Network Management System (NMS) and manage it in a centralized way.

Port Dynamic Management FunctionThe LoopStar 800 provides the port dynamic management function. The FE port and GE port are excluded. The function contains:

• Manually creating the port • Manually deleting the port • Automatically creating the SFP • Manually creating the SFP • Manually deleting the SFP • Querying the type of the port • Modifying the type of the port



State ModelThe LoopStar 800 supports the state model. The state model describes the availability of an entity. If an entity is invalid (or unavailable), point out the reasons and the measures so that the administrator can make the entity available. The ADC equipment supports both the full state model and the complex state model.

• For the full state model, each entity supports all states. Configuration and maintenance operations are all limitedby the state model.

• For the complex state model, each entity is restricted by the state model. – To set the state of an entity to OOS, make sure that all the supported entities at the lower layer are in the

OOS state. – To set the state of an entity to IS or AINS, make sure that the entity at the upper layer is not in the OOS

state.

Power Supply, Environment Monitoring and Alarm Output FunctionThe LoopStar 800 provides two feeds of –48 V DC power for redundancy.

It supports eight inputs and eight outputs of housekeeping signals. The signals can provide remote monitoring of the local environment and other user-defined functions. Six out of the eight output signals provide audible and visual alarms.


2ChapterMODULES AND RELIABILITY DESIGN

FUNCTIONAL MODULESRefer to Table 2-1 for a list of LoopStar 800 functional modules and descriptions.

Table 2-1. Functional Modules of the LoopStar 800Functional Module Corresponding Unit Unit Function

SONET interface module LPS-OC12A, LPS-OC3O, LPS-OC3A, LPS-O3CQ, LPS-OC12D, LPS-OC12, LPS-OC3D, LPS-OC3, LPS-TO12D, LPS-TO3D, LPS-XO12D, LPS-XO12, LPS-XO3D, LPS-XO3

Accesses and processes OC-12/OC-3, STS-12c/STS-9c/STS-6c/STS-3c (concatenation service) optical signals.

DSn/EC1 processing and interface module

LPS-PDT1, LPS-PLT1, LPS-PQT3, LPS-PQT3P, LPS-PQT3A, LPS-PQT3B, LPS-PLT3, LPS-PDM3, LPS-PDM3P, LPS-PQM3, LPS-PDLTM

Accesses and processes DS1, DS3, EC1, DS3 transmux and portless transmux services. Provides TPS protection.

LPS-POI3, LPS-PSI1, LPS-PI13, LPS-PQDIM

Ethernet interface module LPS-ELS4, LPS-EFS8, LPS-EGT2, LPS-EGS4, LPS-ET4GS

Accesses and processes Ethernet electrical signals.

Cross-connect matrix module LPS-TO12D, LPS-TO3D, LPS-XO12D, LPS-XO12, LPS-XO3D, LPS-XO3

Implements the cross-connect of SONET signals.

Synchronous timing interface module

Supplies the equipment with system clock.

Supplies the external nodes with clock reference signal.

System control and communication module

Implements system control and inter-module communication.

Provides an interface for the connection of the system and the NM.

Auxiliary module ATE Provides the housekeeping interface for alarm input/output, and the BITS interface for external clocks.

Power module PIU Implements power input and power filter.

Protects the equipment from abnormal power.

Fan module Fan tray assembly Dissipates the heat.

Filters the dust.

Provides indicators for system status and alarm.

Chapter 2: Modules and Reliability Design


SONET Interface ModuleThe LoopStar 800 provides OC-12/OC-3 optical interfaces to access and process the optical signals at certain rates. The LoopStar 800 can also access and process the STS-12c/STS-9c/STS-6c/STS-3c/STS-1 signals.

The SONET interface module supports functions defined in the Telcordia generic requirements, including the O/E conversion, overhead processing and pointer adjustment.

The SONET interface module provides the synchronous timing source for the synchronous timing unit.

Refer to Table 2-2 for a list of the maximum optical interfaces per LoopStar 800 chassis.

Table 2-2. SONET Interfaces

When the LoopStar 800 is adopted to form a ring network topology, its SONET interface modules access and process optical signals in the two directions, East and West as defined by ADC (Figure 2-1).

Figure 2-1. Definitions of East and West

In networking, it is recommended to define the East and West SONET interface module of each NE according to the following rule:

If the optical interface units in slots 1 to 3 are defined as West, the optical interface units in slots 4 to 6 are defined as East.

DSn/EC1 Processing and Interface ModuleThe DSn/EC1 processing and interface module of the LoopStar 800 provides standard DS1/DS3/EC1 interfaces (Table 2-3).

Table 2-3. Table DSn/EC1 Capacity

ServiceInterfaces per Plug-in Unit

Maximum Interfaces of Each Fully Loaded

ChassisOC-12 1 or 2 11OC-3 1, 2, 4 or 8 32

ServicesInterfaces per Plug-in

Updated UnitMaximum Interfaces of Each

Fully Loaded ChassisDS1 14 or 28 84DS3 3, 6 or 12 36EC1 12 24DS3 transmux 6 or 12 36Portless transmux 6 or 12 36



The DSn/EC1 processing and interface module accesses and processes the DS1 and the DS3/EC1 signals. It maps and multiplexes the DS1 and the DS3/EC1 signals into the STS-1 signals according to GR-253.

The DSn/EC1 processing and interface module provides the following DSn/EC1 protection:

• 1:N (N=2) protection of DS3/EC1/DS3 Transmux • 1:N (N=3) protection of DS1 • 1:1 DS1 + 1:1 DS3/EC1 mixed protection

Ethernet Interface ModuleThe Ethernet interface module of the LoopStar 800 provides the transparent transmission function for Ethernet services. It encapsulates the accessed Ethernet services with LAPS, HDLC/PPP or GFP protocol, and maps the Ethernet data into the SONET frame. The mapping bandwidth is optional and the minimum granularity is STS-1/VT1.5.

The LoopStar 800 also supports virtually concatenated mapping with STS-1 granularity. The maximum uplink bandwidth of one plug-in unit is 12 STS-1s. All the STS-1s in one virtually concatenated path are configured as uniform routing.

All the FE and GE interfaces comply with IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.1Q.

For a list of the Ethernet interface capacity of the LoopStar 800, refer to Table 2-4.

Table 2-4. Ethernet Interface Capacity

The Ethernet interface module also supports the following:

• Ethernet Private Line (EPL) services • Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) services• Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EPLAN) services • IEEE802.3X flow control function • GFP/HDLC/LAPS encapsulation protocol • VT1.5/STS-1/STS-3V level virtual concatenation • Quality of service (QoS) • Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) • Test packet • Test frame • Ethernet protection • 9600 Jumbo frame to enhance the transmission efficiency • Alarm and traffic statistics of the Ethernet interface

Services Interfaces per Plug-in UnitMaximum Interfaces of Each

Fully Loaded Chassis10/100BASE-TX 8 32100BASE-FX 4 161000BASE-FX 4 12



Cross-Connect Matrix ModuleWhen configured with the LPS-TO12D, the cross-connect matrix module of the LoopStar 800 can provide 132 x 132 STS-1s higher order cross-connect matrix and 3696 x 3696 VT1.5s lower order cross-connect matrix.

When configured with the LPS-TO3D/LPS-XO12D/LPS-XO3D/LPS-XO12/LPS-XO3, the LoopStar 800 provides smaller higher order cross-connect capacity and smaller or none lower order cross-connect capacity.

The services at the interface side of the cross-connect matrix module are transmitted and exchanged at the STS-1 (Figure 2-2).

Figure 2-2. Cross-Connect Matrix Module

For the services on the cross-connect matrix module, the LoopStar 800 provides the cross-connect modes as follows

Direct ConnectionIn the direct connection mode, the OC-N signal is accessed to the cross-connect matrix from one side and is output in the same timeslot on the other side (Figure 2-3).

Figure 2-3. Direct Connection Mode

Add/DropIn the add/drop mode, the services in the OC-N are distributed to different DSn/EC1 signals according to the configuration (Figure 2-4). The services in the DSn/EC1 signals are inserted in the specified timeslots in the OC-N signal in which way the ADM NE accesses services. The LoopStar 800 distributes any available timeslot to the DSn/EC1 service in the OC-N signal. The timeslot and the direction for adding/dropping services can be the same or not.

Figure 2-4. Add/Drop Mode



BroadcastIn the broadcast mode, the LoopStar 800 provides several modes of operation as follows:

• OC-N and DSn mode • DSn and DSn mode • OC-N and OC-N mode • Inter-Time slot in OC-N mode • Drop and continue mode

Those modes can synchronously exist (Figure 2-5).

Figure 2-5. Broadcast Mode

In the OC-N and DSn mode, the LoopStar 800 distributes the services in one OC-N to multiple DSn/EC1 and adds one DSn/EC1 to multiple OC-N.

In the DSn and DSn mode, the system distributes the services in one DSn/EC1 to multiple DSn/EC1.

In the OC-N and OC-N mode, the system distributes the services in one OC-N to multiple OC-N.

In the inter-timeslot in OC-N mode, the inter-timeslot broadcast in one OC-N takes place.

In the drop and continue mode, the system distributes the services in one OC-N to multiple DSn and then to the multiple OC-N.



Cross-ConnectionsCross-connections between lines are applied to protection switching, traffic grooming, and routing. This improves networking capability and network survivability (Figure 2-6).

Figure 2-6. Cross-Connections Mode

Cross-connections between lines and tributaries are applied to equipment configuration, services adding, routing, as well as the network topology.

Cross-connections between the tributaries are applied to traffic grooming and test. It supports the network topology and the tributary service test of lower levels.

Synchronous Timing ModuleThe synchronous timing module of the LoopStar 800 is designed in compliance with GR-253 and GR-1244.

The synchronous timing module provides two inputs and two outputs of external DS1 clock signals.

SONET timing parameters must be set for each LoopStar 800. Each LoopStar 800 independently receives its timing reference from one of the three sources as follows:

• The Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) interface.• An OC-N unit in the LoopStar 800, which is connected to a node that receives timing through a BITS source. • The internal ST3 clock on the XO/TO unit.

The LoopStar 800 timing can be set to one of the three modes: external, line, or mixed.

If timing is from the BITS interface, set the timing to external. If the timing is from an OC-N unit, set the timing to line.

In typical LoopStar 800 networks:

• One node is set to external. The external node derives its timing from a BITS source wired to the BITS interface.The BITS source, in turn, derives its timing from a Primary Reference Source (PRS) (i.e., a Stratum 1 clock orthe GPS signal).

• The other nodes are set to line. The line nodes derive timing from the node that is externally timed through theOC-N units.

An LoopStar 800 can select any of the three timing references. The first two references are typically two BITS level sources, or two line level sources optically connected to a node with a BITS source. The third reference is the internal clock provided on the XO/TO unit. This clock is a Stratum 3 (ST3).

If an LoopStar 800 becomes isolated, timing is maintained at the ST3 level with its internal clock.

Mixed timing allows selection of both external and line timing sources. However, it is not recommended because it may cause timing loops. Use this mode with caution.



Network Timing ExampleFor an example of an LoopStar 800 network timing setup, see Figure 2-7.

Figure 2-7. LoopStar 800 Timing Setup

Node A is set to external timing. A BITS provides two Stratum 1 timing sources that are connected to the BITS input pins on Node A. The third reference is set to the internal clock. The BITS outputs of Node C are used to provide timing to the outside equipment.

In this example, Slots 1 and 2 are installed with OC-12 units. Timing of Nodes B, C, and D are set to line. The timing reference of the OC-12 unit on Node B, C, D are set based on the distance between the node and the BITS source.

Reference 1 is set as the timing of the OC-12 unit closer to the BITS source. For Node B, Reference 1 is the timing of Slot 1. For Node D, Reference 1 is the timing of Slot 2. For Node C, Reference 1 can be the timing of either slot because of the equal distance to Node A.

Synchronization Status MessageSynchronization Status Message (SSM) contains the quality information of the timing source. SSM is carried by the S1 byte of the SONET line layer. The SONET device selects the timing reference of the highest quality according to the SSM. This can avoid timing loops.

Generation 1 and Generation 2 are the two massage sets of SSM. Generation 1 is the initial version and the most widely used.

If SSM is enabled on the LoopStar 800, refer to the local timing reference documentation to determine which message set to use.

Refer to Table 2-5 on page 2-8 and Table 2-6 on page 2-8 for a list of Generation 1 and Generation 2 message sets.

SSM alone cannot preclude the form of timing loops. Synchronization engineering must follow the guidelines in GR-436-CORE.



Table 2-5. SSM Generation 1 Message Set

Table 2-6. SSM Generation 2 Message Set

Working ModeThe synchronous timing unit of the LoopStar 800 supports the four working modes in compliance with GR-253 and GR-1244 as follows:

• Tracing modeThis is the normal working mode. The NE traces the reference clock sources supplied by all the lines and two external input reference clock sources.

• Holdover modeWhen the timing reference becomes invalid, the NE uses the frequency information that is reserved by the timing reference before being lost as the new timing reference. It conforms to the specifications about the phase standards in the GR-253 recommendation.

• Free-run modeThe NE uses the free frequency of its internal crystal oscillator. The free run accuracy is within ±4.6 ppm.

• Quick start modeIt is applied when the clock resumes from the holdover mode to the normal mode or when the jump of the reference timing source takes place. When clocks are synchronized, the quick start mode converts to the tracing mode at once.

Message Quality DescriptionPRS 1 Primary reference source-Stratum 1STU 2 Sync traceability unknownST2 3 Stratum 2ST3 4 Stratum 3SMC 5 SONET minimum clockST4 6 Stratum 4DUS 7 Not used for timing synchronizationRES - Reserved; quality level set by user

Message Quality DescriptionPRS 1 Primary reference source-Stratum 1STU 2 Sync traceability unknownST2 3 Stratum 2TNC 4 Transit node clockST3E 5 Stratum 3EST3 6 Stratum 3SMC 7 SONET minimum clockST4 8 Stratum 4DUS 9 Not used for timing synchronizationRES - Reserved; quality level set by user



System Control and Communication Module

Functionality and PrinciplesThe System Control and Communication (SCC) module of the LoopStar 800 provides:

• Synchronous Equipment Management Function (SEMF) • Message Communication Function (MCF)

The SCC provides the interfaces which connects the equipment to the EMS. For the functions and the specific structure of the SCC, see Figure 2-8.

Figure 2-8. Functional components of the SCC

• SEMFThe SEMF switches the performance and alarm data into target-oriented messages that are transmitted on theDCC or the Qx interface or both. It converts the target-oriented messages related to other management func-tions and transfers them through the reference point Sn. The SEMF exchanges management data with other functional modules through the reference point Sn. Sincethe original data from all functional modules may cause overload if transmitted to the EMS without screening,several filters are installed inside the SEMF. The management target sends the data filtered to the agent. Themanagement target sends other management data to the agent or receives the management control data fromthe agent. The management target processes and reserves the events. It expresses the data in a unified form. Then theagent converts the data into the Common Management Information Service Element (CMISE) message andresponds to the CMISE from the administrator. The output and input data of the agent is transferred to the MCFthrough the reference point V. The SCC communicates with the functional modules and implements the unit configuration, performance andalarm data collection, switching control, data interchange with units, and provides the SEMF (Figure 2-9 on page 2-10).

• MCFThe MCF implements the communication functions of various messages. It exchanges data with the SEMFthrough the reference point V. The DCC bytes derived by the MCF at N are in D1 to D3 section overhead bytes.As a single message-oriented 192 kbit/s channel, it provides the communication function for the RSTs. The MCFalso provides nine data communication channels at the reference point P, inserted in the line overhead D4 toD12 bytes to maintain the communication function of the corresponding management messages. The MCF pro-vides the Qx interface for the communication between the equipment and the LoopStar EMS. It also providesthe TL1 command interface. The schematic diagram of the SCC is shown in Figure 2-9 on page 2-10.



Figure 2-9. SCC Block Diagram

SCC Software FunctionCombined with the LoopStar EMS and the SCC, the main control software provides the real time monitoring, maintenance and management for the NEs and the network. It is mainly composed of the Communication Module (CM) and the Administration Module (AM). The CM provides the MCF described in ITU-T Recommendation G.783 and transfers the Operation, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning (OAM&P) data between the LoopStar EMS and the NE or between NEs.

The user can monitor the local environment remotely and provide other user-defined functions using eight inputs and two outputs of housekeeping signals.

The LoopStar 800 also has six alarm output signals, three to drive audible alarms and three to drive visual alarms.

It also provides two BITS interfaces.

For the definitions of interfaces and pinouts, refer to the LoopStar 800 System Hardware Description Manual.

Power ModuleThe power module provides the functions as follows:

• Two feeds of –48 V DC power • Surge protection • EMI filter • Input power reverse voltage protection • Over-voltage/Under-voltage inspection

Fan ModuleThe fan module provides the functions as follows:

• Provides heat dissipation for the system. • Filters dust. • Monitors operation of the three fans in the fan tray. • Supports hot-swapping. • Provides the indicator for the power status of the LoopStar 800 system. • Provides the indicators for the LoopStar 800 system alarms. • Tests all the LED indicators. • Controls audible alarm notification.



RELIABILITY DESIGNThe reliability design of the LoopStar 800 includes network survivability, equipment hardware stability, protection in abnormal conditions, and data security.

Network Level ProtectionThe LoopStar 800 provides two SONET protection modes.

SONET Line Protection1+1 and 1:N SONET line protection.

UPSRCompliant with GR-1400.

BLSRTwo-fiber BLSR compliant with GR-1230.

Equipment Level ProtectionThe LoopStar 800 provides the redundancy hot standby protection for key functional modules (e.g., DSn/EC1 protection). If a fault is found with the working module, the system switches all the services to the standby module. Such an active/standby mode can be either 1+1 dedicated protection or 1:N shared protection mode (Figure 2-10).

Figure 2-10. 1+1 and 1:N Protection

The LoopStar 800 supports the equipment-level service protection for the following units:

• DSn/EC1 processing unit • LPS-EGS4 unit • XO/TO unit • Power interface unit

Protection of DSn/EC1 Processing UnitThe LoopStar 800 provides protection for the DSn/EC1 unit (LPS-PLT3/LPS-PQT3A/LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQM3/LPS-PQT3B/LPS-PDLTM/LPS-PDT1/LPS-PLT1/LPS-PQT3). If the working DSn/EC1 service processing unit fails, the system switches to the protection unit. The switching time is less than 50 ms. The DSn/EC1 protection is auto-revertive.



For the DSn/EC1/DS3 Transmux unit and protection units, refer to Table 2-7.

Table 2-7. DSn/EC1 Work Unit and Corresponding Protection Unit

The following several DSn/EC1 protection modes are available:

• 1:2 DS3/EC1 or mixed DS1+DS3/EC1 protection The working DS3/EC1 processing units (LPS-PLT3/LPS-PQT3/LPS-PQT3A/LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQM3/LPS-PDLTM) must be installed in slots 5 and 6. The protection DS3/EC1 processing unit must be installed in slot 3 (Figure 2-11).

Figure 2-11. 1:N (N[2) DS3/EC1 Protection

When the working and protection units are LPS-PLT3/LPS-PQT3A/LPS-PQT3/LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQM3, the corresponding DSn interface unit is LPS-POI3.

When the working and protection units are LPS-PDLTMs, both DS1 and DS3 services of LPS-PDLTMs are protected. The corresponding DSn interface unit is LPS-PQDIM.

Service Type Work Unit Protection UnitDS1 LPS-PLT1 LPS-PLT1, LPS-PDT1

LPS-PDT1 LPS-PDT1DS3 LPS-PLT3 LPS-PLT3, LPS-PQT3,

LPS-PQT3A, LPS-PQT3B, LPS-PQT3P

LPS-PQT3 LPS-PQT3, LPS-PQT3A, LPS-PQT3B, LPS-PQT3P

LPS-PQT3A LPS-PQT3A, LPS-PQT3B, LPS-PQT3P

Mixed DS1 + DS3 LPS-PDLTM LPS-PDLTMEC1 LPS-PQT3A LPS-PQT3A, LPS-PQT3BDS3 transmux, portless transmux LPS-PDM3 LPS-PDM3, LPS-PDM3P,

LPS-PQM3LPS-PQM3 LPS-PQM3

Each DSn/EC1 protection mode needs a certain chassis configured with a rear interface panel. Change the chassis or the rear interface panel if the DSn/EC1 protection mode has been changed.

Fan Tray SlotXO-A (Slot 1) -XO-B (Slot 2) DS3 Working (Slot 5)DS3 Protection (Slot 3) DS3 Working (Slot 6)



• 1:3 DS1 protectionThe working DS1 processing unit (LPS-PLT1/LPS-PDT1) must be installed in slots 4 to 6. The protection DS1 processing unit must be installed in slot 3 (Figure 2-12).

Figure 2-12. 1:N (N[3) DS1 Protection

The corresponding DS1 interface unit is LPS-PSI1.

• 1:1 DS3/EC1 and 1:1 DS1 mixed protection The working DS3/EC1 processing unit (LPS-PLT3/LPS-PQT3A/LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQT3) must be installed in slot 6. The protection DS3/EC1 processing unit must be installed in slot 3. The working DS1 processing unit (LPS-PLT1/LPS-PDT1) must be installed in slot 5. The protection DS1 processing unit must be installed in slot 4 (Figure 2-13).

Figure 2-13. 1:1 DS3/EC1 + 1:1 DS1 Protection

The corresponding DSn interface unit is LPS-PI13.

Protection of Ethernet Processing UnitThe LoopStar 800 provides the hot standby protection for the services on the LPS-EGS4 unit. This type of protection is called Ethernet Protection. If a fault is found with the working LPS-EGS4, the system switches all the services to the protection LPS-EGS4.

Different from the TPS protection, the working unit and protection unit of the Ethernet protection group are connected to cross-connection unit through the working cable and protection cable. In the TPS protection group; however, the working unit and protection unit are connected to the cross-connection unit through the same cable (Figure 2-14).

Figure 2-14. Ethernet Protection

For the slot configuration rules of Ethernet protection, refer to Table 2-8.

Table 2-8. TSlot Configuration Rules of Ethernet Protection When Configured with GXCS

Fan Tray SlotXO-A (Slot 1) DS1 Working (Slot 4)XO-B (Slot 2) DS1 Working (Slot 5)DS1 Protection (Slot 3) DS1 Working (Slot 6)

Fan Tray SlotXO-A (Slot 1) DS1 Working (Slot 4)XO-B (Slot 2) DS1 Working (Slot 5)DS3 Protection (Slot 3) DS3 Working (Slot 6)

Slots of Protection LPS-EGS4 Slots of Working LPS-EGS4

Slot 4, Slot 5, Slot 6 Either of the slots remained among Slot 3, Slot 4, Slot 5 and Slot 6



Protection of XO/TO UnitThe system supports a 1+1 dedicated protection switching for the cross-connect matrix module, synchronous timing interface module and the system control and communication module on the XO/TO unit. The protection of all these three modules is part of the hot standby protection of the XO/TO unit. If one or more of these three modules in the active unit fail, the system automatically switches to the standby XO/TO unit.

Protection of Power Interface UnitThe LoopStar 800 has two feeds of –48 V DC power for redundancy. If one unit fails, the power is automatically provided by the other unit.

Protection in Abnormal Conditions• Maintenance alarm for abnormal conditions

An alarm is generated to notify the network monitoring terminal once an anomaly is found in the system. Thealarm is reported through the hardware or the software.

• Protection on CPU power-off and software resetThe program and data files of the applications use a Flash memory as standby protection. When the CPU of theunit is powered off or the software is reset, the software can recover correct program and data.

• Power failure protection and break-point reload protection during software loading The program and data files of the applications which can be loaded on-line are configured with a check functionto avoid incorrect data transmission. When the software loading process is disrupted, the BIOS does not acti-vate the loaded part of the program or data file unless the loading is continued and complete.

• Software upgrade protection Two copies of NE software are stored in the XO/TO unit, so that a new version of the software can be loadedwithout affecting the current running software. The old software is replaced after the new version is confirmed asapplicable. The replacement does not affect the existing configuration data or the NE services. If the softwareupgrade fails, the old version continues to work.

Data SecurityData security is enhanced by using a database module to manage all the data.

The database has two backups in the Flash memory. The two sets of database provide protection for each other.

The protection switching of the XO/TO unit is non-revertive.


3ChapterTECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

OPTICAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS

OC-12 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Fixed Optical Interface• The LPS-XO12 has one OC-12 interface. • The LPS-OC12 has one OC-12 interface.• The LPS-XO12D has two OC-12 interfaces. • The LPS-OC12D has two OC-12 interfaces.

Those units support three types of fixed optical interfaces (Table 3-1).

Table 3-1. OC-12 Optical Specifications

ItemDescription

OC-12 (IR-1) OC-12 (LR-1) OC-12 (LR-2)

Line bit rate 622.080 Mbit/s

Line code NRZ

Connectors LC

Laser class Class 1

Fiber 1310 nm, single-mode 1550 nm, single-mode

Maximum transmission distance 9.32 miles (15 km) 24.85 miles (40 km) 49.70 miles (80 km)

Transmitter wavelength range 1293 to 1334 nm 1300 to 1325 nm 1480 to 1580 nm

Receiver wavelength range 1100 to 1600 nm

Laser type MLM SLM

Transmitter Maximum output power

–8 dBm 2 dBm

Minimum output power –15 dBm –3 dBm

Extinction ratio 8.2 dB 10 dB

Receiver Maximum input power –8 dBm

Minimum input power –28 dBm

Optical reflectance NA –14 dB –27 dB

Dispersion tolerance 46 ps/nm 92 ps/nm (MLM) NA

Acceptable frequency deviation at optical input port

±20 ppm

Chapter 3: Technical Specifications


SFP/eSFP Optical Interface• The LPS-XO12 has one OC-12 SFP interface. • The LPS-XO12D has two OC-12 SFP interfaces. • The LPS-TO12D has two OC-12 eSFP interfaces. • The LPS-OC12A has two OC-12 eSFP interfaces.

Those units support three types of Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) and Enhanced Small Form-Factor Pluggable (eSFP) optical interfaces (Table 3-2).

Table 3-2. OC-12 SFP/eSFP Optical Specifications

ItemDescription

OC-12 (IR-1) OC-12 (LR-1) OC-12 (LR-2)


Line code NRZ

Connectors LC

Laser class Class 1





Laser type MLM SLM


–8 dBm 2 dBm



Receiver Maximum input power –8 dBm

Minimum input power –28 dBm –27 dBm

Optical reflectance NA –14 dB –27 dB



±20 ppm



OC-3 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Fixed Optical Interface• The LPS-XO3 has one OC-3 interface. • The LPS-OC3 has one OC-3 interface.• The LPS-XO3D has two OC-3 interfaces.• The OC3D has two OC-3 interfaces.• The LPS-OC3Q has four OC-3 interfaces.

Those units support three types of fixed optical interfaces (Table 3-3).

Table 3-3. OC-3 Optical Specifications

ItemDescription

OC-3 (IR-1) OC-3 (LR-1) OC-3 (LR-2)


Line code NRZ

Connectors LC

Laser class Class 1





Laser type MLM SLM


–8 dBm 0 dBm



Receiver Maximum input power –8 dBm –10 dBm


Optical reflectance NA



±20 ppm



SFP/eSFP Optical Interface• The LPS-XO3 has one OC-3 SFP interface. • The LPS-XO3D has two OC-3 SFP interfaces. • The LPS-TO3D has two OC-3 eSFP interfaces. • The LPS-OC3A has four OC-3 eSFP interfaces. • The LPS-OC3O has eight OC-3 eSFP interfaces.

Those units support three types of Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) and Enhanced Small Form-Factor Pluggable (eSFP) optical interfaces (Table 3-4).

Table 3-4. OC-3 SFP/eSFP Optical Specifications

ItemDescription

OC-3 (IR-1) OC-3 (LR-1) OC-3 (LR-2)


Line code NRZ

Connectors LC

Laser class Class 1





Laser type MLM SLM


–8 dBm 0 dBm



Receiver Maximum input power –8 dBm –10 dBm


Optical reflectance NA



±20 ppm



OUTPUT JITTER OF OC-N/EC-1 INTERFACE

Table 3-5. OC-N/EC-1 Interface Output Jitter

INPUT JITTER TOLERANCE OF OC-N/EC1 INTERFACE

Figure 3-1. Input Jitter Tolerance

Table 3-6. OC-N/EC1 Interface Input Jitter Tolerance

Interface Item RequirementEC-1 B1 (0.1 kHz to 0.4 MHz) ≤ 1.5 UIpp

B2 (20 kHz to 0.4 MHz) ≤ 0.15 UIpp

OC-3 B1 (0.5 kHz to 1.3 MHz) ≤ 1.5 UIpp

B2 (65 kHz to 1.3 MHz) ≤ 0.15 UIpp

OC-12 B1 (1 kHz to 5 MHz) ≤ 1.5 UIpp

B2 (250 kHz to 5 MHz) ≤ 0.15 UIpp

Interface f0 (Hz) fObj (Hz) f1 (Hz) f2 (Hz) f3 (kHz) f4 (kHz)A4

(UIpp)A3

(UIpp)A2

(UIpp)A1

(UIpp)

EC-1 10 NA 30 300 2 20 NA 15 1.5 0.15

OC-1 10 NA 30 300 6.5 65 NA 15 1.5 0.15

OC-12 10 18.5 30 300 25 250 27.8 15 1.5 0.15



ELECTRICAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS

SIGNAL BIT RATE AT OUTPUT PORT

Table 3-7. Output Port Bit Rate

ATTENUATION TOLERANCE AT INPUT PORT Table 3-8. Input Port Attenuation Tolerance

ACCEPTABLE FREQUENCY DEVIATION AT INPUT PORT

Table 3-9. Input Port Acceptable Frequency Deviation

INPUT JITTER TOLERANCE OF DSN PORT

Figure 3-2. DSn Port Input Jitter Tolerance

Table 3-10. DSn Port Input Jitter Tolerance

Interface Requirement

DS1 ±32 ppm

DS3/EC1 ±20 ppm

Interface Requirement

DS1 Up to 655 ft (199.64 m) of multi-pair 22 AWG office cable with overall outer shield (to DSX).

Up to 440 ft (134.11 m) of multi-pair 24 AWG office cable with overall outer shield (to DSX).

DS3/EC1 Up to 450 ft (137.16 m) of 75 ohm coaxial cable with tinned copper shield 734 type cable or equivalent (to DSX).

Up to 225 ft (68.58 m) of 75 ohm coaxial cable with tinned copper shield 735 type cable or equivalent (to DSX).

DS1 DS3/EC1

≥ ± 32 ppm ≥ ± 20 ppm

Interface A1 (UIpp) A2 (UIpp) f1 (Hz) f2 (Hz) f3 (kHz) f4 (kHz)

DS1 5 0.1 10 500 8 40

DS3 5 0.1 10 2300 60 300



MAPPING JITTER OF DSN PORT

Table 3-11. DSn Port Mapping Jitter

COMBINED JITTER OF DSN PORT

Table 3-12. DSn port Combined Jitter

ETHERNET INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS

GE OPTICAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS

Table 3-13. GE Optical Interface Specifications

Interface f1 (Hz) f4 (kHz) f1 to f4 (UIpp)

DS1 10 40 0.7

DS3 10 0.4 0.4

For the 1.544 Mbit/s, 1UI = 647.67 ns; while for 44.736 Mbit/s, 1UI = 22.35 ns.

Payload Pointer Test Sequence Jitter (UIpp)

VT1.5/DS1 Single pointer A0* + 0.60

STS-1/DS3 Single pointer A0 + 0.30

A0* is the mapping jitter generated by NE under test.

Item 1000BASE-LX 1000BASE-SX

Laser type DFB VCSEL

Mean launched power (dBm)

–11.5 to –3 –9.5 to –4

Extinction ratio (dB) ≥ 9 ≥ 9

Receiver sensitivity (dBm)

–19 –17

Receiver overload optical power (dBm)

–3 0

Optical return loss (dB) 12 12



FE OPTICAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS

Table 3-14. FE Optical Interface Specifications

FE ELECTRICAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS

Table 3-15. FE Electrical Interface Specifications

MANAGEMENT INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS

ETHERNET INTERFACEThe LoopStar 800 Ethernet interface has the following specifications:

• Connector: RJ-45 • Speed: 10/100BASE-TX • Front access: AUX LAN1 and LAN2 connectors

TL1 CRAFT INTERFACEThe LoopStar 800 TL1 craft interface has the following specifications:

• Connector type: DB-9 • Speed: 9600 bit/s • Front access: AUX Craft connector

ItemLPS-ELS4

(1310 nm, 2 km)LPS-ELS4



(1550 nm, 80 km)

Laser type MLM SLM SLM

Mean launched power (dBm)

–19 to –14 –15 to –8 –5 to 0

Extinction ratio (dB) ≥ 10

Receiver sensitivity (dBm)

–30 –28 –34

Receiver overload optical power (dBm)

–14 –7 –9 –10

Item Specification

10/100M Ethernet interface 10 BASE-T/100 BASE-TX complied with IEEE 802.3u and IEEE 802.3l

Unshielded differential output voltage 950 mV ≤ Vout ≤ 1050 mV

Waveform symmetry 0.98 ≤ (Vout+) / (Vout-) ≤ 1.02

Rise/Fall time 3.0 ns ≤ τrise/fall ≤ 5.0 ns

| τrise -τfall | ≤ 0.5ns

Duty cycle distortion 0.5 ns (peak-to-peak)

Bit Error Rate (BER) ≤ 10-11



TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION SPECIFICATIONS

OUTPUT JITTERThe output jitter refers to the output jitter value when the equipment has no input jitter. For a list of LoopStar 800 output jitter requirements, refer to Table 3-16.

Table 3-16. Output Jitter Requirements

LONG-TERM PHASE VARIATION IN LOCKED MODEThe long-term phase variation causes the slow deviation of the output signals of the reference main clock due to the temperature and aging. It is generally represented by the Maximum Time Interval Error (MTIE) and the Time Deviation (TDEV).

For a list of LoopStar 800 long-term phase variations, refer to Table 3-17.

Table 3-17. Long-Term Phase Variations

OUTPUT FREQUENCY OF INTERNAL OSCILLATOR IN FREE-RUN MODEThe following refers to the output frequency accuracy for the internal clock free-run mode in any time.

For a list of LoopStar 800 output frequency accuracy for the N internal clock, refer to Table 3-18.

Table 3-18. Output Frequency Accuracy

Clock InterfaceRequirement for

Output Jitter (UIpp)

1 0.05

2 0.05

Clock Interface

Requirement (MTIE)

100s 300s 600s 1000s

1 60 ns 60 ns 60 ns 60 ns

2 60 ns 60 ns 60 ns 60 ns

Requirement (TDEV)

100s 300s 600s 1000s

1 3.2 ns 5.54 ns 7.84 ns 10 ns

2 3.2 ns 5.54 ns 7.84 ns 10 ns

Clock Interface Requirement

1 ±4.6 ppm

2 ±4.6 ppm



MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS

DIMENSIONSThe LoopStar 800 chassis has the following dimensions:

• Height: 3.4 in. (86 mm) • Width: 19-inch and 23-inch rack compatible with mounting brackets attached; 17.2 in. (436 mm) without mount-

ing brackets attached. • Depth: 12 in. (305 mm)

WEIGHTThe LoopStar 800 chassis has the following weight specifications:

• Shipping weight: 20 lb (9 kg) • Installed weight (without units): 16 lb (7.3 kg) • Installed weight (full load): 35 lb (15.9 kg)

POWER SPECIFICATIONSThe LoopStar 800 has the following power specifications:

• Power terminals: M3 screw • Voltage range: –40 V to –56.7 V DC • Under-voltage shutdown: –39.5±0.5 V DC • Recover point of under-voltage shutdown: –41.5±0.5 V DC • Power consumption: 120 W (typical configuration); 190 W (maximum load) • Numbers of feeders: two for redundancy • Fuse per feeder: 6 A (user supplied fuse and alarm panel)

ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITYThe LoopStar 800 conforms to the environmental requirements defined in Telcordia Technologies GR-63-CORE. In addition, the LoopStar 800 conforms to the Rate of Change requirements defined in Telcordia Technologies GR-3028.

The LoopStar 800 has the following temperature and humidity specifications:

Operating temperature:–40 to 149°F (–40 to 65°C) Operating relative humidity: 5% to 85% Storage temperature: –40 to 158°F (–40 to 70°C) Storage relative humidity: less than 95%

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCEThe LoopStar 800 conforms to the Zone 4 earthquake requirements defined in Telcordia Technologies GR-63-CORE.

FIRE RESISTANCEThe LoopStar 800 conforms to the fire resistance requirements defined in Telcordia Technologies GR-63-CORE and ANSI T1.319-2002.


4ChapterCONFIGURATION AND NETWORKING

ACCESS CAPABILITYThe LoopStar 800 accesses the SONET, DSn/EC1, and Ethernet (10M/100M) services (Table 4-1).

Table 4-1. Types of Access Services

For a list of the LoopStar 800 service access capabilities, refer to Table 4-2.

Table 4-2. Access Capabilities

Interface Line bit rate

SONET OC-3/OC-12 (supporting STS-1/STS-3c/STS-12c)

DSn/EC1 DS1/DS3/EC1/DS3 transmux

Ethernet 10/100BASE-TX, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-SX/LX

ServiceMaximum Interfaces

per Plug-in UnitMaximum Interfaces of Each

Fully Loaded ChassisOC-12 2 11OC-3 8 32DS3/EC1 12 36DS3 (Transmux) 12 36DS1 28 8410/100BASE-TX 8 24100BASE-FX 4 121000BASE-SX/LX 4 12

Chapter 4: Configuration and Networking


CONFIGURATION MODE

Basic Configuration PrinciplesIn configuring the LoopStar 800, note the following principles:

As the access capability of each slot may differ, it is recommended to configure them flexibly to maximize the slot resource according to the network requirements.

See Figure 4-1 for the front access slot assignments and see Figure 4-2 for the rear access slot assignments.

Refer to Table 4-3 on page 4-3 for a list of the valid units for each slot.

Figure 4-1. Front Access Slot Assignments

Figure 4-2. Rear Access Slot Assignments



Table 4-3. Valid Slots and Units

Typical NE ConfigurationWhen configured to act as an MADM, the LoopStar 800 provides the multi-system functions of several equipment types on one device. The LoopStar 800 provides the basic single level of OC-3 and OC-12 and supports single TM, ADM, MADM and REG applications. The system can also be configured as the hybrid system of OC-3 and OC-12 levels.

The LoopStar 800 can be configured for several different applications. For a view of each configuration and slot assignments, refer to the following:

• For TM configuration, see Figure 4-3 on page 4-4 and refer to Table 4-4 on page 4-4.• For ADM configuration, see Figure 4-4 on page 4-4 and refer to Table 4-5 on page 4-5.• For MADM configuration, see Figure 4-5 on page 4-5 and refer to Table 4-6 on page 4-5.

Slot Capacity Valid Units CommentsXO-A (Slot 1) 1.25 Gbit/s

(2 x STS-12)LPS-XO12D, LPS-XO12, LPS-XO3D, LPS-XO3, LPS-TO3D, LPS-TO12D

Mandatory UnitXO-B (Slot 2)Slot 3 622 Mbit/s

(STS-12LPS-OC12A, LPS-OC3A, LPS-ELS4, LPS-EFS8, LPS-EGT2, LPS-EGS4, LPS-PLT3, LPS-PDM3, LPS-PDM3P, LPS-PQM3, LPS-PDT1, LPS-PLT1, LPS-PDLTM, LPS-PQT3A, LPS-PQT3B, LPS-OC12, LPS-OC3Q, LPS-OC3D, LPS-OC3, LPS-PQT3, LPS-PQT3P

If DS3 or DS3 + DS1 mixed protection is provided, this slot is limited to a DS3 unit.

If DS1 protection is provided, this slot is limited to a DS1 unit.

Slot 4 1.25 Gbit/s (2 x STS-12)

LPS-OC12A, LPS-OC3O, LPS-OC3A, LPS-ELS4, LPS-EFS8, LPS-EGS4, LPS-ET4GS, LPS-PDT1, LPS-PLT1, LPS-OC12D, LPS-OC12, LPS-OC3Q, LPS-OC3D, LPS-OC3

If DS3 + DS1 mixed protection is provided, this slot is limited to a DS1 unit.

If Ethernet protection is provided, this slot is limited to a working /LPS-EGS4 unit.

Slot 5 LPS-EFS8, LPS-EGT2, LPS-PLT3, LPS-PDM3, LPS-PQM3, LPS-PDT1, LPS-PLT1, LPS-PDLTM, LPS-ELS4, LPS-EGS4, LPS-ET4GS, LPS-OC3O, LPS-OC3A, LPS-OC12A, LPS-PQT3A, LPS-OC12D, LPS-OC12, LPS-OC3Q, LPS-OC3D, LPS-OC3, LPS-PQT3

Slot 6 LPS-EFS8, LPS-EGT2, LPS-PLT3, LPS-PDM3, LPS-PQM3, LPS-PDT1, LPS-PLT1, LPS-PDLTM, PQT3A, LPS-ELS4, LPS-EGS4, LPS-ET4GS, LPS-OC3O, LPS-OC3A, LPS-OC12A, LPS-OC12D, LPS-OC12, LPS-OC3Q, LPS-OC3D, LPS-OC3, LPS-EGT2, LPS-PQT3

Software is used to limit the number of LPS-EGS4 units that can be configured in the LoopStar 800 to ensure that the system power consumption is not very high. When the number of configured LPS-EGS4 units ranges from 1 to 2, there is no limit on the use of other service slots. When the number of configured LPS-EGS4 units is 3, only one service slot is available. In this case, a ring network cannot be formed. When the number of configured LPS-EGS4 units exceeds the threshold, the system reports an alarm.



Figure 4-3. Slot Assignments of a TM

Table 4-4. Slot assignments of a TM

Figure 4-4. Slot Assignments of an ADM

Configuration Description

Front Panel

• XO-A and XO-B (slots 1 and 2) are equipped with two LPS-XO3Ds and provide 1+1 redundancy protection.They also provide up to four OC-3 optical interfaces to implement the physical connection with the upper NEbased on optical fibers.

• Slot 3 is equipped with a LPS-PDT1 to supply the 1:3 DS1 protection for the LPS-PDT1s in slots 4, 5 and 6.• Slots 4, 5 and 6 are equipped with the LPS-PDT1s to process up to 84 DS1 signals.

Rear Panel

• The I/O slot is equipped with a LPS-PSI1 to receive and transmit up to 84 DS1 signals processed by the LPS-PDT1s in slots 4, 5 and 6.

• The LPS-PSI1 also provides 8 housekeeping inputs/outputs and two BITS interfaces.



Table 4-5. Slot Assignment of an ADM

Figure 4-5. Slot Assignments of an MADM

Table 4-6. Slot Assignments of an MADM


Front Panel

• XO-A and XO-B (slots 1 and 2) are equipped with two LPS-XO12s and provide 1+1 redundancy protection.They also provide two OC-12 optical interfaces to implement the physical connection with other NEs based onoptical fibers.

• Slot 3 is equipped with a LPS-PLT3 to supply the 1:2 DS3/EC1 protection for the LPS-PLT3s in slots 5 and 6.• Slots 5 and 6 are equipped with the LPS-PLT3s to process up to six DS3/EC1 signals. • Slot 4 is equipped with an LPS-EFS8 to access and process one GE signal and up to four FE signals.

Rear Panel

• The I/O slot is equipped with a LPS-POI3 to receive and transmit six DS3/EC1 signals processed by the LPS-PLT3s in slots 5 and 6.

• The LPS-POI3 also provides 8 housekeeping inputs/outputs and two BITS interfaces.


Front Panel

• XO-A and XO-B (slot 1 and 2) are equipped with two LPS-XO12Ds and provide 1+1 redundancy protection.They also provide up to four OC-12 optical interfaces to implement the physical connection with other NEsbased on optical fibers.

• Slot 3 is equipped with a LPS-PQT3A to supply the 1:1 DS3/EC1 protection for the LPS-PQT3A in slot 6.• Slot 4 is equipped with a LPS-PDT1 to supply the 1:1 DS1 protection for the LPS-PDT1 in slot 5.• Slot 5 is equipped with a LPS-PDT1 to process up to 28 DS1 signals.• Slot 6 is equipped with a LPS-PQT3A to process up to 12 DS3/EC1 signals.

Rear Panel

• The I/O slot is equipped with a LPS-PI13 to receive and transmit the up to 28 DS1 signals and up to 12 DS3/EC1 signals.

• The LPS-PI13 also provides 8 housekeeping inputs/outputs and two BITS interfaces.



OPERATIONSThis section describes the operation interface and security of the LoopStar 800.

INTERFACE TO THE NEThe LoopStar 800 can be accessed through the RS-232 port or RJ-45 port on the XO unit (Table 4-7).

Table 4-7. LoopStar 800 Interface Connections

Using Telnet to connect to the NE, the system allows up to five user logins and the port numbers are unified to 23.

IP OVER DCCThe LoopStar 800 provides the IP over DCC feature using the SONET OAM channel to manage the devices that support SONET interfaces. The IP over DCC provides system management, including remote configuration and troubleshooting, collecting alarms, and other management data.

The scheme of IP over DCC uses the network layer protocol for NM information transmission. It is required that the gateway node, external DCN and LoopStar EMS all support Internet Protocol (IP), thus to make the network that is composed of the third-party equipment and that is composed of the LoopStar 800 form a DCN.

The scheme of IP over DCC can be implemented in the following two ways:

• The LoopStar EMS information between the LoopStar 800 NEs is transparently transmitted by the third-partyequipment in the IP over DCC mode (Figure 4-6).

• The LoopStar EMS information between the third-party equipment is transparently transmitted by the LoopStar800 in the IP over DCC mode (Figure 4-7).

Interface Type Application PlatformCraft (RS-232) TelnetEthernet (RJ-45) Telnet, LoopStar EMS

Figure 4-6. LoopStar EMS Information Transparently Transmitted by the Third-Party Equipment

Figure 4-7. Transparently Transmitting the LoopStar EMS Information of the Third-Party Equipment



The LoopStar 800 supports two IP tunnels per NE and one IP tunnel per interface. Multiple tunnels can be set destined to the same NE. However, for two NEs connected directly by two pairs of fibers, only one tunnel can be set.

The IP tunnel of the LoopStar 800 supports static routing and OSPF routing protocols. The IP tunnel can be established between different subnets and between Class A and Class B networks. Host route and network route can be established through an IP tunnel.

With router priority selection, the LoopStar 800 NEs on the shared access LAN can establish full adjacency and do not need outside router to achieve that.

SECURITYThe LoopStar 800 security is composed of the following two parts:

User ManagementThe user group login classes for the LoopStar 800 system are categorized as follows:

• Retrieve • Provisioning • Maintenance • Superuser

The authority levels of the above four user groups are in an ascending order: The Retrieve user group is of the lowest authority level, while the Superuser is of the highest.

Any user group at a higher level has all the permissions of their own group plus the permissions of any lower level user group.

One LoopStar 800 NE can configure up to 256 User IDs and each User ID must belong to a user group (one user group has up to 256 users).

Security ManagementThe system does not permit multiple users to access any system using the same user ID. Once a user ID is active on a system, the system sets that user ID to a login state. In the case of multiple terminals, the system does not allow the same user ID to be logged in on multiple terminals.

The user login ID remains enabled within a default 60-day period. This parameter is modifiable. If a user ID expires, the system places that user ID in a disabled state.

The user ID timeout period when inactive is 60 minutes by default. This parameter is modifiable. If a user ID expires, the system places that user ID in a logoff state.

The LoopStar 800 provides the security log function in which logins and operations of each user ID are recorded.

The system requires that a user ID be 1 to 16 characters in length and a password be 6 to 16 characters in length. A password must contain at least one letter from A to Z and one number from 0 to 9.



SONET SERVICE NETWORKINGIn addition to flexible networking modes, the LoopStar 800 also features convenient application and configuration. The powerful processing capability enables the system to meet the networking requirements for all the MAN (i.e, Optical Hub, DS3/EC1 concentrator, DS1 MUX, and REG).

CHAIN NETWORK AND ITS EXTENDED HUB NETWORKThe chain network and its extended Hub network are the most common and simple networking modes.

See Figure 4-8 for a typical chain network.

See Figure 4-9 for a typical Hub network, which has multiple lines converged at one point. For the convergent point Node D, up to eleven OC-12 chains or up to 32 OC-3 chains can be formed with one LoopStar 800. The services between chain networks are assignable.

Figure 4-8. Typical Chain Network

Figure 4-9. Typical Optical Hub Network



RING NETWORKSee Figure 4-10 for a typical basic ring network (OC-3 or OC-12) with the self-healing protection mode. The LoopStar 800 supports the ring network of UPSR and 2F-BLSR.

Figure 4-10. Typical Basic Ring Network

The LoopStar 800 provides the tangent rings in two modes.

In one mode, two or more ADMs can interconnect with each other with the tributary spanning as shown in Figure 4-11 (a). In this mode, the tangent rings work at any rate or in any protection mode.

In the other mode, referred to as the Hub mode, the tangent point is provided by one LoopStar 800 configured as an MADM as shown in Figure 4-11 (b). In the Hub mode, the tangent rings work at any rate or in any protection mode. The services in the rings are protected normally. The inter-ring services can be provided through the cross-connect matrix inside the equipment.

Figure 4-11. Typical Tangent Ring Network



Using these modes, the LoopStar 800 does not take up the tributary resources but enlarges the capacity of the inter-ring services, simplifies the interconnection of equipment, and enhances the network reliability.

Figure 4-12 shows the intersection ring structure. It can also be considered as tangent rings with two tangent points. The equipment at the tangent points is similar to that in Figure 4-11 on page 4-9 (b). Because of two tangent points between Ring 1 and Ring 2 (dual Hub), the inter-ring services are protected effectively.

Figure 4-12. Intersection Ring Network

COMBINED NETWORK OF RING AND CHAINThe LoopStar 800 supports most complex network (i.e., a Hub network combining the ring network and the chain networks (Figure 4-13)).

In this network, the LoopStar 800 acts as an MADM at the Hub NE (Node A) and protects the services in the network using UPSR or SONET line protection.

Figure 4-13. Typical Hub Network Combining Ring Network and Linear Network



DUAL HOMED RINGSee Figure 4-14 for a typical UPSR with dual homed arrangement.

In this arrangement, both Hub offices (Node C and Node D) use the drop-and-continue feature. This provides an external network with two entry points to the ring. If one Hub fails, the UPSR topology can recover all traffic entering the ring through the other Hub. This configuration provides a highly reliable means of transporting traffic between the nodes on the UPSR and the network external to the ring.

Figure 4-14. Typical Dual Homed Ring

DUAL RING INTERCONNECTIONFor a typical Dual Ring Interconnected (DRI) or a Dual Node Interconnected (DNI) network in which traffic between rings goes through a chain network, see Figure 4-15.

The LoopStar 800 supports the DNI networking whose two rings support UPSR.

Figure 4-15. Typical DNI Network



ETHERNET SERVICE NETWORKINGIn addition to the powerful capability of processing the SONET and DSn/EC1 services, the LoopStar 800 supports EPL, EVPL and EPLAN to process the data service and especially the Ethernet services to meet the networking requirements.

ETHERNET PRIVATE LINE• Ethernet Private Line (EPL) realizes the point-to-point transparent transmission of the Ethernet services through

a dedicated channel (i.e., the EPL service exclusively occupies a VCTRUNK bandwidth). Thus, the transmissiondelay is small and the security and privacy of the transmitted data are ensured. There are two typical networkingmodes for the EPL services: chain network and ring network as shown in Figure 4-16 and Figure 4-17.

Figure 4-16. Typical Point-to-Point Ethernet Service Transmission (Chain)

Figure 4-17. Typical Point-to-Point Ethernet Service Transmission (Ring)

Chain NetworkingWith the LoopStar 800 chain networking in use, not only the transmission distance can be extended, but also the 1+1 SONET line protection can be provided. The data transmission becomes more reliable (Figure 4-16).

For a typical networking application of the LoopStar 800, see SONET Service Networking on page 4-8. The LoopStar 800 transparently transmits the point-to-point data service. The LoopStar 800 acts as an invisible cable.



Ring NetworkWith LoopStar 800 ring network in use, the UPSR protection can be provided. The data transmission becomes more reliable and it becomes more flexible to transmit the services among the nodes to various destinations.

Ethernet data accessed at various nodes are transmitted to the destination nodes through respective independent VC trunks, and thus a safe and reliable transparent transmission is provided (Figure 4-17 on page 4-12).

ETHERNET VIRTUAL PRIVATE LINEEthernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) realizes transparent transmission through two modes: One is the transmission based on the shared external port that is based on port+VLAN ID. The other is the transmission based on the shared VCTRUNK channel for separate services, each of which is attached with one VLAN ID.

EVPL Service Based on the Shared External PortIn the case of the EVPL services based on the shared external port, the two services at the source are connected to the same equipment through the same external port. Then each service is attached with one ID and is transmitted separately in different VCTRUNK channels. The receive station recognizes the services according to the VLAN IDs and then transmits them to their destinations.

As shown in Figure 4-18 at headquarter of Company A, two data services need be transmitted to two subsidiaries of Company A: one for subsidiary A1 and the other for Subsidiary A2. Each service is confidential and is separated from the other during the transmission. The two services are input to NE1 through the same external port and are transmitted in the VCTRUNK1 and VCTRUNK2 channels. At the receive end, the VCTRUNK1 channel is connected to the external port for Subsidiary A1 and the VCTRUNK2 channel is connected to the external port for Subsidiary A2. In this manner, Subsidiary A and Subsidiary B receives their data.

Figure 4-18. EVPL Service Based on the Shared External Port



EVPL Service Based on the Shared VCTRUNK ChannelIn the case of the EVPL services based on the shared VCTRUNK channel, the two services at the source are connected to the same equipment through the different external ports. The two services are transmitted in the same VCTRUNK channel. The receive station recognizes the services according to the VLAN IDs and then transmits them to their destinations.

As shown in Figure 4-19, Company A headquarter needs to transmit one service to Company A Subsidiary A1, and Company B headquarter needs to transmit another service to Company B Subsidiary B1. The two services are accessed to the network through two external ports, but are transmitted in the same VCTRUNK channel. Each service is attached by one VLAN ID, and thus is separated from the other service. At the receive end, subsidiary A1 and subsidiary B1 recognize and receive their own service through the VLAN ID at the external ports.

Figure 4-19. EVPL Service Based on the Shared VCTRUNK Channel



ETHERNET PRIVATE LANThe Ethernet Private LAN (EPLAN), which is also known as the Layer 2 service switching mode, can realize multi-point to multi-point service switching. In this mode, packets are received and forwarded according to the MAC addresses, which eventually realizes the exchange of private data among multi-points. It shares the same advantages as the EPL service: exclusive bandwidth and high security performance.

As shown in Figure 4-20, Company A and company B have their own networks at the four NEs. Data needs to be exchanged between the headquarters and the subsidiaries and the data of each company is confidential. The services between NEs are not fixed. If a certain user of Subsidiary A1 on NE1 needs to communicate with other users of Company A on other three NEs (NE2, NE3, and NE4), the service flow is not fixed. In this case, the layer 2 switching function can be used to solve this problem. For example, after NE2 is properly configured, the system establishes a MAC addressing table which is updated periodically through self-learning. Thus, the data accessed to NE2 from Company A and Company B can either choose different VCTRUNK channels according to the corresponding MAC address.

In this manner, the system configuration is simplified, and the bandwidth utilization is improved. As a result, it is more convenient for operators to maintain and manage equipment.

Figure 4-20. EPLAN Service



APPLICATION OF VLAN NESTINGTo access the Ethernet services of the LoopStar 800, various ports are provided to share the VC trunk. It does not matter whether there is any VLAN label carried in the message or what VLAN label is carried. A distinct nest VLAN is configured for every port and transmitted to the remote end. The remote end divides the data from one VC trunk to various ports of the local end. In this way, the data from various ports can share one VC trunk so that the bandwidth availability is improved.

Refer to Figure 4-21 for an example where the headquarters of Company A, B and C are all connected to a single node.

Figure 4-21. Typical convergence of NEST VLAN

Both Company A and Company B have three subsidiaries that are connected to three different nodes. At each node, there is one of the subsidiaries of the two companies. Due to respective requirements of the two companies, the same VLAN ID appears at each node and yet it is unknown whether Company C has a VLAN ID. To improve the bandwidth availability, the data between the subsidiaries and headquarters of Companies A and B should be transmitted in one VC trunk and isolated effectively from one another.

Using VLAN nesting technology provided by the LoopStar 800, the VLAN 1s of Companies A and B are connected to the LoopStar 800 through different FE interfaces, and the system will print the NEST VLAN IDs of the FE ports on the packets and transmit them through the shared VC trunk1#. Although the two companies have the same VLAN ID, they have different NEST VLAN IDs. Therefore, their data is fully isolated. The opposite node divides services according to the NEST VLAN IDs, so the data can reach their respective networks safely.


5ChapterUNIT PARAMETERS CONFIGURATION

DSN/EC1 PROCESSING UNITS

LPS-PLT1/LPS-PDT1/LPS-PLT3/LPS-PDLTM/LPS-PQT3A/LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQT3B/LPS-PDM3P/LPS-PQM3/LPS-PDT3/LPS-PQT3/LPS-PQT3P

Edit/Retrieve the service type.

Edit/Retrieve the line code.

Edit/Retrieve the frame format.

Edit/Retrieve the input line equalization and output Line Build Out (LBO).

Edit/Retrieve whether AIS is inserted downstream under DSn LOF.

Automatically create C2 and V5 bytes to be sent and to be received according to service type and mapping type.

Monitor/Report alarms.

Monitor/Report the performance.

Edit/Retrieve the performance threshold.

Manage the current/historical performance data.

Automatically insert DSn AIS and return RDI.

DSn protection switch.

PRBS test.

Edit/Retrieve the loopback status of electrical interface.

Edit/Retrieve FEAC loopback.

Respond to FEAC loopback request (optional).

Test Access (TACC).

Respond to FAC2 loopback request (for LPS-PDT1/LPS-PLT1/LPS-PDLTM unit).

Set the value of enable/unable of DS1 port for FAC2 loopback (for LPS-PDT1/LPS-PLT1/LPS-PDLTM unit).

Chapter 5: Unit Parameters Configuration


OPTICAL INTERFACE UNITS

LPS-OC12A/LPS-OC3O/LPS-OC3A/LPS-TO12D/LPS-TO3D/LPS-XO12D/LPS-XO12/LPS-XO3D/LPS-XO3/LPS-OC12D/LPS-OC12/LPS-OC3Q/LPS-OC3D/LPS-OC3

Switch on/off a laser.

Retrieve the state of a laser.

Edit/Retrieve the expected J1 byte.

Retrieve the received J1 byte.

Edit/Retrieve the monitor mode of the J1 byte.

Edit/Retrieve the expected C2 byte.

Retrieve the received C2 byte.

Retrieve the received overhead byte.

Edit/Retrieve the loopback status of an optical interface.

Edit/Retrieve SONET line protection.

Report SF/SD.

Edit/Retrieve the attribute of UPSR or BLSR.

Edit/Retrieve the threshold of B2/B3 bit error cross-threshold/degradation.

Retrieve the received overhead bytes.

Retrieve the received S1 byte.

Edit/Retrieve the S1 byte to be sent.

Retrieve the clock state of an optical interface.

Edit/Retrieve if the SF_S is the clock switch condition.

Edit/Retrieve the loopback attribute.

Edit/Retrieve the SS bit mode.



EC-1 PROCESSING UNITSThe following are the parameter configuration of EC1 signal. For DS3 signal parameter configuration, see section “DSn/EC1 Processing Units” on page 5-1.

ETHERNET INTERFACE UNITS

LPS-PQT3A

Edit/Retrieve the J1 byte.

Edit/Retrieve the expected and the received C2 byte.

Retrieve the C2 byte to be sent and to be received.

Edit/Retrieve the performance threshold of B2/B3.

Edit/Retrieve the monitoring state of the performance threshold: B2, B3.

Edit/Retrieve the J1 byte to be received.

Edit/Retrieve the monitoring mode of the J1 byte.

Edit/Retrieve the C2 byte to be received.

LPS-ELS4/LPS-EFS8/LPS-EGT2/LPS-EGS4/LPS-ET4GS

Edit/Retrieve loopback status of the physical layer and the MAC layer.

Edit/Retrieve the data encapsulation protocol and its parameters.

Enter/Edit/Retrieve static routing.

Enter/Edit/Retrieve/Delete a flow.

Enter/Edit/Retrieve/Delete CoS.

Create/Delete CAR.

Enable/Disable/Query CAR.

Edit/Retrieve the parameters of LCASa.

Enable/Disable/Query LPTb.

Start/Stop Test Packeta.

Set the transmitting mode of a test packeta.

Query how many test packets are sent at a porta.

Clear the count of the test packetsa.

Start/Stop Test Framea.

Set the transmitting parameter of a test framea.

Query how many test frames are sent at a porta.



a: These configurations are available only on LPS-EGS4 unit. b: This configuration is available only on LPS-EGS4 and LPS-EGT2.

LPS-ELS4/LPS-EFS8/LPS-EGT2/LPS-EGS4/LPS-ET4GS

Clear the count of the test framesa.

Create/Edit/Retrieve/Delete VBa.

Create/Retrieve/Delete connections between the VB port and the physical portsa.

Create/Edit/Retrieve/Delete VLAN filter tablea.

Create/Retrieve/Delete static MAC address entriesa.

Create/Retrieve/Delete static MAC address black lista.

Query the MAC address–logical port forwarding entriesv

Clear the MAC addresses that are obtained through dynamic learninga.

Query the number of the current MAC addressesa.

Edit/Retrieve the permissible maximum number of the MAC addresses at a logical port of the VBa.

Query the number of the MAC addresses that the VB logical port has learneda.

Set/Query the enabling state of the broadcast packet suppressiona.

Set/Query the broadcast packet suppression thresholda.

Set/Query the enabling state of VB Ingress Filtera.

Set/Query the attribute (HUB/SPOKEN) of a port of the VBa.

Edit/Retrieve Ethernet VLAN and Q in Q.

Enable/Disable Q in Q.

Edit/Retrieve the self-negotiation flow control of an Ethernet port.

Edit/Retrieve the TAG attribute of an Ethernet port or a VC trunk.

Edit/Retrieve the default VLAN and priority of an Ethernet port or a VC trunk.

Edit/Delete/Retrieve the timeslot of a VC trunk.

Edit/Retrieve MTU size.

Count/Report/Retrieve the Ethernet performance.

Count/Report/Retrieve the alarm and performance of a VCTRUNK and a port.

Retrieve the environment temperature (min., max. and current value).



CROSS-CONNECT, SYSTEM CONTROL, TIMING AND OPTICAL INTERFACE INTEGRATED UNITS

The optical functions of these units are listed in Optical Interface Units on page 5-2.

LPS-TO12D/LPS-TO3D/LPS-XO12D/LPS-XO12/LPS-XO3D/LPS-XO3

Edit/Retrieve/Delete cross-connection.

Operate/Release cross-connection loopback.

Edit/Retrieve the Wait-To-Restore (WTR)/hold-off time of UPSR.

Add/Retrieve/Modify/Delete a linear APS, UPSR or BLSR group.

Automatically recover the attribute of a UPSR or BLSR group after recovering from power off.

Initiate the UPSR or BLSR if removing the XO/TO unit.

Change the common/UPSR service to UPSR/common service.

Add/Retrieve/Modify/Delete the DSn/EC1 protection switching information.

Switch/Clear the clock source when DSn/EC1 protection switch is initiated.

Retrieve the protocol and the switching state of UPSR or BLSR.

Automatically report the switching event.

Perform the automatic/forced/manual switch of XO/TO.

Retrieve the synchronous clock reference source traced currently.

Edit/Retrieve the priority list of clock reference source.

Enable/Disable the S1 byte protocol.

Retrieve source traced currently and the corresponding S1 byte.

Retrieve the S1 bytes received by all sources.

Edit/Retrieve external output threshold value.

Edit/Retrieve the clock quality of the S1 byte.

Retrieve the switching status of clock reference source.

Edit/Retrieve the wait-to-restore time of clock reference source.

Edit/Retrieve the timing mode.

Edit/Retrieve the line code of external clock reference source.

Edit/Retrieve the frame format of external clock reference source.



Edit/Retrieve the input type (E1 or T1) of external clock reference source.

Edit/Retrieve the enabling status of the S1 byte protocol.

Edit/Retrieve the S1 byte output by BITS corresponding to one clock reference source.

Retrieve current working mode of clock unit.

Edit/Retrieve RES value.

Retrieve the locking status of the current clock.




UNIT DEFAULT PARAMETERS


LPS-PDT1/LPS-PLT1

LPS-PQT3A/LPS-PLT3/LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQM3/LPS-PQT3

Parameter Default Value

Priority list of clock reference source Only internal source

Enable clock reference source to be switched based on priority Disable

External output threshold 0x0f (DUS quality unavailable)

S1 byte clock quality 0xff (cancel manual configuration)

Wait-to-recover time of clock reference source 5 minutes

Enable S1 byte protocol 0 (not started)

Enable S1 byte output by optical interface corresponding to one clock reference source

Enable output

Quality level RES represents 0x0f (DUS)

For more parameters and default values, see LoopStar 800/LoopStar 1600/LoopStar 3600 TL1 Reference Manual.


J1 byte to be sent All "0" (62 bytes all together, ended with 0x0D0A)

C2 byte to be sent 0x02

Set whether alarm event inserts AIS UNEQ_V, PLM_V insert AIS

Enable/disable transmitting overhead bytes Disable

Loopback of electrical interface No loopback



J1 byte to be sent All “0” (64 bytes all together)

C2 byte to be sent 0x04 (LPS-PDM3/LPS-PQM3 is 0x02)

Enable/disable transmitting overhead bytes Disable

Loopback of electrical interface No loopback




LPS-OC12A/LPS-OC3O/LPS-OC3A/LPS-OC12D/LPS-OC12/LPS-OC3Q/LPS-OC3D/LPS-OC3

LPS-ELS4/LPS-EFS8/LPS-EGS4/LPS-EGT2/LPS-ET4GS

INCREMENT CONFIGURATIONIncrement configuration for the following data is supported:

• Unit installation • Service configuration • DSn/EC1 protection group • Ethernet protection group • SONET line protection group • UPSR protection group • BLSR protection


J1 byte to be received/sent All "0" (62 bytes all together, ended with 0x0D0A)

C2 byte to be received/sent Varies from the service type of DSn unit. See GR253. Varies with the type of encapsulation protocol which is used for the binding paths to the VCG of the Ethernet unit.

Default level of SF performance threshold 1E-4

Default level of SD performance threshold 1E-6

Edit if TIM_P is monitored in alarm event Disable

Loopback of optical interface No loopback


Parameter Default value

Loopback of interface no loopback

Time interval of adjacent package 96 ns

Data encapsulation protocol GFP for the LPS-EFS8/LPS-ELS4/LPS-EGT02/LPS-EGS4

LAPS and HDLC for LPS-EFS8/LPS-ELS4/LPS-EGT2/LPS-EGS4/LPS-ET4GS

Work mode of the port AUTO for the LPS-EFS8/LPS-EGT2/LPS-ET4GS/LPS-EGS4 FULL100M for the LPS-ELS4




DSN/EC1 PROTECTION• DSn/EC1 protection only supports revertive mode• 1:N (N=2) revertive protection of DS3/EC1/DS3 TMUX • 1:N (N=3) revertive protection of DS1 • 1:1 DS1 and 1:1 DS3/EC1 mixed protection

ETHERNET SERVICE PROTECTION• Only LPS-EGS4 unit supports the Ethernet service protection. • Ethernet service protection supports revertive and non-revertive mode. • Only supports the 1:1 protection. • The protection LPS-EGS4 can be configured among the Slot 4, Slot 5, Slot 6, and the working LPS-EGS4 can

be configured in either of the slots remained.

SONET LINE PROTECTION

SELF-HEALING FUNCTIONS1+1 SONET line protection:

• The STS level of the optical interface occupied by each channel in switching is the same. • Several protection groups cannot occupy one single optical interface.

SWITCHING TYPES

OPERATION TYPES

EXTERNAL COMMANDS• Lockout (only for protection facility) • Forced switching • Manual switching • Exercise switching (not available for unidirectional mode) • Clear switching

SWITCHING CONDITIONSNormally, switching occurs under any of the following situations.

1+1 protection Unidirectional/Bi-directional switching

1:N Unidirectional/Bi-directional switching

1+1 protection Revertive/Non-revertive mode

1:N Revertive mode

Signal Deterioration (SD) R_LOS, R_LOF, AIS_L

Signal Failure (SF) B2OVER

Equipment fault Fault of unit hardware



SWITCHING CONTROL• For revertive switching, WTR time can be set 5 to 12 minutes. The default value is 5 minutes. • Set the controller to stop starting. • Query switching controlling status. • Query and clear switching event, which can be saved upon power-down. • Report switching alarm. • Controller parameters can be queried, including optical unit and XO unit.

UPSR

SELF-HEALING FUNCTIONS• One protection channel can only protect one working channel at one time. • One channel can only be set as working or protection channel from one protection group. • SD/SF clearing of UPSR monitoring point is reported after 10 ms (delay time). • Delay time is recommended to be set to a maximum of 100 ms. • The switching priority is locked > forced > automatic > manual > wait to restore (only for revertive mode). • The switching priority of automatic switch is PLM_P = TIM_P = UNEQ_P = LOP_P = AIS_P = fault of unit

hardware > SFBER > SDBER > PDI_P.

OPERATION TYPESSet as the revertive/non-revertive mode. The system is set to the non-revertive mode by default.

EXTERNAL COMMANDS• Locked switching command • Forced switching command • Manual switching command • Clearing operation command

SWITCHING CONDITIONS

Compulsory conditions SDBER, SFBER, PLM_P, UNEQ_P, LOP_P, AIS_P, TIM_P (if it is monitored)

Optional conditions PDI_P




BLSR

SELF-HEALING FUNCTION• One protection channel can only protect one working channel at a time. • One channel can only be set as the working or the protection channel from one protection group. • Switching priority is lockout of protection > SF of protection > force switch > SF of working > SD > manual switch

> wait-to-restore > exercise > do not revert. • A typical end-to-end switching time is less than 50 ms. • Query/Clear the historical log of switching, including external switching command and the received K byte. • Support ring map. • Support extra service. • Support the connection between BLSR and SONET line protection. • Support the connection between BLSR and UPSR. • Support the connection between BLSRs. • Support performance monitoring. • Support real-time monitoring the K byte, optical line and protocol status. • Support in-service update from no protection to BLSR, SONET line protection to BLSR, and UPSR to BLSR. • Support in-service update of line bit rate. • Support ring division. • Support in-service adding or deleting a node. • Support in-service timeslot transfer. • Support squelch table.

– Support two squelching modes: automatic and manual. The switching between these two modes is supported.

– Create/Initialize/Modify/Retrieve/Delete the squelch table. – Support the service squelching of STS-level. – Support extra service squelching. – Retrieve service squelching.

OPERATION TYPESet as the revertive/non-revertive mode. The system is set to the revertive mode by default.

EXTERNAL COMMAND• Locked switching command • Forced switching command • Manual switching command • Clearing operation command • Exercise switching command

The LoopStar 800 supports two-fiber BLSR.



SWITCHING CONDITION

Compulsory conditions SDBER, SFBER, PLM_P, UNEQ_P, LOP_P, R_LOS, R_LOF, AIS_L, AIS_P, LCO

Optional conditions PDI_P


LPS800-UM-APPL-05 A-1

AAppendixBASIC PRINCIPLEThis section describes the SONET basic and the Ethernet basic.

SONET BASIC

Levels of Synchronous Digital HierarchyThe synchronous transport signal-level 1 (STS-1) is the basic module in SONET. It has a bit rate of 51.840 Mbit/s. The optical counterpart of the STS-1 is the optical carrier - level 1 (OC-1) signal, and the electrical counterpart of the STS-1 is the STS-1 electrical [or Electrical Carrier-Level 1 (EC-1) ] signal defined in GR-253-CORE.

The definition of the first level also defines the entire hierarchy of SONET signals because higher-level signals are obtained by synchronously multiplexing lower-level modules.

When lower-level modules are multiplexed together, the result is denoted as an STS-N (where N is an integer), which can then be converted to an OC-N or STS-N electrical signal.

There is an integer multiple relationship between the rates of the basic STS-1 module and the OC-N or STS-N electrical signals (e.g., the rate of an OC-N is equal to N times the rate of an STS-1).

SONET systems support only certain values of N. Refer to Table A-1 for a list of these values for the standard STS-N electrical and OC-N interface signals up through N equal to 192, along with the corresponding line rates. Values of N that are greater than 192 may be addressed in future issues of this or other Telcordia documents.

Table A-1. Line Rates for Standard SONET Interface Signals (through N = 192)

STS-N: Synchronous Transport Signal Level-N OC-N: Optical Carrier Level-N STM-N: Synchronous Transport Module Level-N

OC-N Level STS-N Electrical Level Line Rate (Mbit/s) SDH Level

OC-1 STS-1 electrical 51.840

OC-3 STS-3 electrical 155.520 STM-1

OC-12 622.080 STM-4

OC-24 1244.160

OC-48 2488.320 STM-16

OC-192 9953.280 STM-64

Appendix A: Basic Principle

A-2 LPS800-UM-APPL-05

How Are DSn and ATM Signals Transported by SONETThe nature of modern networks makes it necessary to be able to transport all asynchronous and ATM signals through the SONET network.

The process of matching the signals to the network is called mapping. The virtual tributary SPE is the basic package unit for tributary channels with bit rates below 45 Mbit/s (DS3). A special virtual tributary SPE (VT-n SPE) is provided for each tributary signal. These VT-n SPEs are always somewhat larger than the payload to be transported.

The remaining capacity is used partly for justification (stuffing) in order to equalize out timing inaccuracies in the asynchronous signals. Together, the VT-n SPE and VT-n POH form the VT-n. This is transmitted unchanged over a path through the network. The next step is the combination of several VTs into VT groups. VTs of different types may not be mixed within a single group. Each VT group consists of a specific VT type. The VT group has a defined size of 9 x 12 bytes. The number of combined VTs is thus dependent on the VT type (see the example in Figure A-1: 4 x VT1.5 = VT group). Different asynchronous tributary signals can be mapped into an STS-1 frame in this manner.

Figure A-1. Insertion of Tributary Signals into an STS Frame



Seven VT groups fill the STS-1 SPE. Together with the transport overhead, the STS-1 SPE forms an STS-1.

DS3 and E3 (34 Mbit/s) signals are directly mapped into the STS-1 SPE. Mapping of a 140 Mbit/s (E4) signal is a special case. The transport capacity of an STS-1 is no longer sufficient. This is why this signal must be directly packed into an STS-3 SPE.

This STS-3c mapping is typically used for ATM signals. ATM signals can be transported directly using STS-1 SPE or as a payload of a DS1 or DS3 signal. Since a single STS-1 does not meet the fast growing demand for ATM bandwidth, SONET permits transmitting the ATM payload in a multiple STS-N SPE. See Figure A-2 for an overview of current mappings.

Figure A-2. SONET Multiplexing



Basic Frame StructureThe base transmission rate in SONET is 51.84 Mbit/s. Since the frame is the first level of the synchronous digital hierarchy, it is known as STS-1.

See Figure A-3 for the format of this frame. It is made up from a byte matrix of 9 rows and 90 columns. The first three columns are reserved for the Transport Overhead (TOH), while the remaining 87 rows are for transporting the Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE).

Figure A-3. STS-1 Frame

Transmission is row-by-row, starting with the byte in the upper left corner and ending with the byte in the lower right corner. The frame repetition rate is 125 µs (8000 frames per second). The payload capacity enables transport of one DS3 signal, 28 x DS1 signals. When this bit rate is transmitted through a fiber system, it is known as OC-1.

Overhead

Transport OverheadThe STS-1 Transport Overhead (TOH) consists of a section overhead and line overhead. The reason for this is to be able to couple the functions of certain overhead bytes to the network architecture. Table A-2 describes the individual functions of the bytes.

Table A-2. Summary of the STS-1 Overhead

Section OHA1 A2 C1B1 E1 F1D1 D2 D3

Pointer H1 H2 H3

Line OH

B2 K1 K2D4 D5 D6D7 D8 D9

D10 D11 D12S1 M0 E2



Figure A-3 describes all overhead bytes.

Table A-3. Overhead Bytes and Their Functions

Overhead Byte Function Description

A1, A2 Frame synchronization These bytes indicate the beginning of an STS-1 frame.

B1, B2 Section and line parity bytes The parity of each particular frame section is formed within a group of 2, 8 or 24 bits. These bit groups are arranged in columns and the parity of each individual bit in the vertical direction is calculated.

D1 to D3 Section DCC The DCC allows the transmission of management and status information.

D4 to D12 Line DCC

E1, E2 Section and line orderwire bytes

These bytes are allocated as orderwire channels for voice communication.

F1 Section user’s data channel Allocated for user’s purposes.

J0 (C1) Section trace Contains a plain text sequence.

K1, K2 Automatic protection switching (APS) control

Used to control APS in the event of extreme communications faults.

S1 Synchronization status byte The S1 byte indicates the signal clock quality and clock source.

M0, M1 Remote error indication Contains the number of detected anomalies. (M0 only for STS-1/OC-1)

H1 Pointer byte 1 Bit 1 to 4: New data flag

Bit 5, 6: Unspecified

Bit 7, 8: Pointer value (upper 2 bits)

H2 Pointer byte 2 Pointer value

H3 Pointer byte 3 Negative Justification Opportunity



STS Path OverheadThe STS Path Overhead (STS POH) is part of the Synchronous Payload Envelope (SPE). The STS POH has the task of monitoring quality and indicating the contents of STS SPE.

Table A-4. Structure of the STS-1 Path Overhead

VT Path OverheadThe VT path overhead is part of the Virtual Tributary (VT) is explained in “How Are DSn and ATM Signals Transported by SONET” on page A-2. This overhead enables communications between the generation point of a VT and the destination where the VT is disassembled.

Table A-5. Structure of the VT Path Overhead

The V5 byte contains the same functions formed in the STS path by the B3, C2 and G1 bytes (Figure A-4).

Figure A-4. Structure of the V5 Byte

J1 Path trace byte

B3 Path parity byte

C2 Path signal label byte

G1 Remote error and defect indication

F2 Path user data channel

H4 Multiframe indication

Z3 Growth

Z4 Growth

Z5 Tandem connection monitoring

V5 Indication and error monitoring

J2 Signal label

Z6 Tandem connection monitoring

Z7 Growth/RDI-V



ANSI/Telcordia Performance AnalysisTo judge whether a SONET link is good or bad, the performance is employed. Transmission path performance is often the subject of a contract between the network provider and the user. The results of performance measurements must be broken down into classes for use in the decision-making process. The American standardization bodies ANSI and Telcordia have taken up this issue in their recommendations T1.231 and GR-253.

Performance measurements are usually made in-service. As part of this measurement, parity bytes B1, B2, B3, BIP-V and the corresponding overhead bytes are evaluated along with the return messages (Figure A-5).

Figure A-5. Allocation of Parity Bytes to Sections

This makes it possible to monitor the performance of the line directly connected to the test set (“near end”) as well as the performance of a second connection ("far end") through the return messages.

Table A-6. Anomalies and Associated OH Bytes

By evaluating the parity bytes, the following parameters are determined:

• Errored Second (ES): A one-second time interval containing one or more bit errors. • Severely Errored Second (SES): A one-second time interval in which the bit error ratio is greater than 10-3. • Unavailable Second (UAS): A connection is considered to be unavailable starting with the first of at least ten

consecutive SES. The connection is available from the first of at least ten consecutive seconds which are notSES.

• Severely Errored Frame Second (SEFS): Seconds with OOF (LOF, LOS) in section analysis.

Derived parameter:

• Error-Free Second (EFS): A one-second time interval in which no bit errors occur. • These parameters refer to the different hierarchy levels (SONET: Section, line).

Anomaly OH Byte (Near End)Anomaly, Return

MessageReturn Message OH

Byte (Far End)

BIP error B1 - -

BIP error B2 REI-L M1

BIP error B2 REI-P G1

BIP error BIP-V REI-V V5



ETHERNET BASIC

BASIC TECHNOLOGIES

Half-Duplex CSMA/CDAccording to the initial design objective of Ethernet, computers and other digital equipment are connected through a shared physical line. The computers and digital equipment connected in this way must visit this physical line in the half-duplex mode. Moreover, a mechanism to detect and avoid conflict must be provided to prevent several pieces of equipment contending for the line at the same time. This is so called CSMA/CD.

It works in the following process: A piece of terminal equipment detects the status of the shared line continuously and transmits data only in the idle status. Otherwise, it will wait until the line is idle. At this time, if another piece of equipment is transmitting data, the data sent by the two will inevitably conflict, making the signal on the line unstable. Once detecting the conflict, the terminal equipment stops transmitting data quickly and then sends a succession of interfering pulse. After waiting for a period of time, it sends the data again.

The purpose of sending interfering pulse is to notify other equipment, especially the one sending data at the same time that conflict occurs on the line. The waiting time after detection of conflict is random but increasing gradually.

Full-Duplex Ethernet and Ethernet SwitchIn 1990, the appearance of the 10BAST-T Ethernet based on twisted pair cable was the most important event in the history of Ethernet. Using twisted pair cable as the transmission medium of Ethernet not only increases flexibility and reduces the cost, but also introduces an efficient operation mode: full duplex.

In full-duplex mode, the data is transmitted and received simultaneously. Hub, the traditional network equipment, does not support full-duplex, because inside the hub is a bus over which data is transmitted and received; therefore, no way for full-duplex communication. To achieve full-duplex, a new type of equipment must be introduced, namely the switch.

The switch is the same as the hub in appearance. They both have multiple ports, each of which connects to terminal equipment and other multiple-port equipment. Instead of a shared bus, inside the switch is a digital cross-connect network which temporarily connects every terminal enabling the terminals to transmit data independently. In addition, the switch sets a buffer area for each port, storing the data transmitted from terminals temporarily and performs switching after idle resources are available. It is the appearance of the switch that changes the original 10/100 Mbit/s shared structure to 20/200 Mbit/s exclusive structure, greatly enhancing the transmission efficiency. Moreover, some software can be added to the switch to implement additional services (i.e., VLAN, priority, and redundant link).

Auto NegotiationIn practice, Ethernet can transmit data in full duplex mode or half duplex mode at the rate of 10 Mbit/s or 100 Mbit/s through type 5 twisted pair cable or type 3 twisted pair. If each terminal equipment is configured manually, it will be laborious and unable to be maintained. Auto negotiation emerges as the times requires for addressing this problem.

Through auto negotiation, the equipment at both ends of a physical link selects a transmission mode automatically by exchanging information. Auto negotiation is based on the Ethernet connected by twisted pair cable, so only effective for such an Ethernet. The contents of auto negotiation include duplex mode, bit rate, flow control and others. If the negotiation passes, the equipment at the both ends of the link will work in the mode negotiated.



ETHERNET FRAME STRUCTURESee Figure A-6 for the Ethernet frame structure.

Figure A-6. Ethernet Frame Structure

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 B-1

BAppendixSTANDARDS COMPLIANCEThe LoopStar 800 is designed in accordance with the standards and recommendations of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Telcordia Generic Requirements (GR), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) as shown in Table B-1.

Table B-1. Recommendations and Standards with Which LoopStar 800 Complies

Standards and Protocols Description

ANSI T1.101-1999 Synchronization Interface Standard

ANSI T1.102-1993 (R1999) Digital Hierarchy – Electrical Interfaces

ANSI T1.105 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Basic Description including Multiplex Structure, Rates, and Formats

ANSI T1.105.01-2000 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Automatic Protection

ANSI T1.105.02-2001 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Payload Mappings

ANSI T1.105.03-1994 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Jitter at Network Interfaces

ANSI T1.105.03a-1995 Supplement ANSI T1.105.03a – 1995

ANSI T1.105.03b-1997 Supplement ANSI T1.105.03b – 1997

ANSI T1.105.04-1995 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Data Communication Channel Protocol and Architectures

ANSI T1.105.06 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Physical Layer Specifications

ANSI T1.105.09-1996 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Network Element Timing and Synchronization

ANSI T1.105-2001 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) – Basic Description including Multiplex Structure Rates and Formats

ANSI T1.107-1995 Digital Hierarchy – Formats Specifications

ANSI T1.117-1991 (R1997) Digital Hierarchy Optical Interface Specifications (Single Mode – Short Reach)

ANSI T1.231-1997 Digital Hierarchy – Layer 1 in-Service Digital Transmission Performance Monitoring

ANSI T1.403-1999 Network and Customer Installation Interfaces – DS1 – Electrical Interface

ANSI T1.404-1994 Network-to-Customer – DS3 Metallic Interface Specification

ANSI T1.404a-1996 Supplement ANSI T1.404a – 1996

ANSI T1.416-1999 Network to Customer Installation Interfaces – Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Physical Layer Specification: Common Criteria

GR-1089 Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety – Generic Criteria for Network Telecommunications Equipment

GR-1093 Generic State Requirements for Network Elements (NEs)

GR-1230 SONET Bi-directional Line – Switched Ring Equipment Generic Criteria

Appendix B: Standards Compliance

B-2 LPS800-UM-APPL-05

GR-1244 Clocks for the Synchronized Network: Common Generic Criteria

GR-1250 Generic Requirements for Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) File Transfer

GR-1400 SONET Dual-Fed Unidirectional Path Switch Ring (UPSR)

GR-253 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET): Common Generic Criteria

GR-474 Network Maintenance: Alarm and Control for Network Elements

GR-496 SONET Add-Drop Multiplexer (SONET ADM) Generic Criteria

GR-499 Transport Systems Generic Requirements (TSGR): Common Requirements

GR-63 Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements: Physical Protection

GR-831 Operations Application Messages – Language for Operations Application Messages

GR-834 Network Maintenance: Access and Testing Messages

IEEE 802.1q Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks IEEE Computer Society Document

IEEE 802.3 Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications

IEEE 802.3u Type 100BASE-T MAC parameters, Physical Layer, MAUs, and Repeater for 100 Mb/s Operation

IEEE 802.3x Full Duplex Operation and Type 100BASE-T2

IEEE 802.3z Type 1000BASE-X MAC Parameters, Physical Layer, Repeater, and Management Parameters for 1000 Mb/s Operation

ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

ITU-T G.7042/Y.1305 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) for virtual concatenated signals

ITU-T X.86/Y.1323 Ethernet over LAPS

RFC1662 PPP in HDLC-like Framing

Standards and Protocols Description

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 C-1

CAppendixLOOPSTAR 800 GLOSSARY

1+1 Protection A 1+1 protection architecture has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection SNC/trail and a permanent bridge.

1+1 Protection A 1+N protection architecture has N normal traffic signal, N working SNC/trail, and N protection SNC/trail.

100BASE-T Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mbit/s CSMA/CD local area network.

100BASE-TX Physical Layer specification for a 100 Mbit/s CSMA/CD local area network over two pairs of Category 5 Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) or Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) wire.

AAccess Identifier An access code contains information needed to access or address object entities

within the target NE.

Add/Drop Multiplexer A multiplexer capable of extracting and inserting lower-rate signals from a higher-rate multiplexed signal without completely demultiplexing the signal.

ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer (see Add/Drop Multiplexer).

Administrator A user who has authority to access all the Management Domains of the EMLCore product. He has access to the whole network and to all the management functionalities.

Agent An entity that represents the certain attributes and behavior of a resource. The agent allows the interactions between the various resources and the management and control functions. More than one agent may represent a resource.

AID Access Identifier. It is an access code containing information needed to access or address object entities within the target NE/NS.

AIS Alarm Indication Signal. A signal sent downstream in a digital network if an upstream failure has been detected and persists for a certain time.

AIS-L Line Alarm Indication Signal. An AIS-L code is generated by a Section Terminating Equipment (STE) upon loss of input signal or loss of frame. The AIS-L signal will maintain operation of the downstream Section Terminating Equipment, and therefore, prevent generation of unnecessary alarms. At the same time, data and orderwire communication is retained between the Section Terminating Equipment and the downstream Line Terminating Equipment (LTE).

Alarm A visible or an audible indication to notify the person concerned that a failure or an emergency has occurred.

Alarm Cable The cable which is used to transmit alarm signals.

Alarm Indication On the cabinet of an NE, there are three indicators with different colors indicating the current status of the NE. You can stop the NE alarm indication through the LoopStar EMS.

Appendix C: LoopStar 800 Glossary

C-2 LPS800-UM-APPL-05

Alarm Severity According to ITU-T recommendations, the alarm is classified into four severities: Critical, Major, Minor, and Warning.

Alarm Type Alarms are classified into six categories based on the network management standard: Communication, Processing, Equipment, Service, Environment, and Security.

AMI Alternate Mark Inversion. The line-coding format in transmission systems where successive ones (marks) are alternatively inverted (sent with polarity opposite that of the preceding mark).

Antistatic Floor The floor which is ESD preventive.

Asynchronous A network where transmission system payloads are not synchronized and each network terminal runs on its own clock.

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode. A transfer mode in which the information is organized into cells. It is asynchronous in the sense that the recurrence of cells containing information from an individual user is not necessarily periodic. It is a protocol within the OSI layer 1. An ATM cell consists of a 5 octet header followed by 48 octets of data.

Attenuation Reduction of signal magnitude or signal loss usually expressed in decibels.

Attenuator A passive component that attenuates an electrical or optical signal.

Attribute Property of an object.

Automatic Alarm Reporting

A function that is used to report the alarm to the LoopStar EMS as soon as it is generated at the equipment side. The LoopStar EMS pops up the alarm panel. The user can view this alarm information in the alarm panel without active query.

Automatic Protection Switching

The ability of a network element to detect a failed working line and switch the service to a spare (protection) line. 1+1 APS pairs a protection line with each working line. 1:n APS provides one protection line for every n working lines.

Auto Negotiation The algorithm that allows two devices at either end of a link segment to negotiate common data service functions.

The rate/work mode of the communication party set as self-negotiation is specified through negotiation according to the transmission rate of the opposite party.

Availability The foundation for many Bellcore reliability criteria is an end-to-end two-way availability of objective of 99.98% for interoffice applications (0.02% unavailability or 105 minutes/year down time). The objective for loop transport between the central office and the customer premises is 99.99%. For interoffice transport, the objective refers to a two-way broadband channel (e.g., SONET OC-N, over a 250-mile path). For loop applications, the objective refers to a two-way narrowband channel (e.g., DS0 or equivalent).

BBackplane A PCB circuit board in the subrack which is connected to all the units in position.

Back Up A method to copy the important data into a backing storage in case the original is damaged or corrupted.



Bandwidth Information-carrying capacity of a communication channel. Analog bandwidth is the range of signal frequencies that can be transmitted by a communication channel or network.

Bidirectional Line Switched Ring

A bidirectional ring that uses the line level status and performance parameters to initiate APS.

Bidirectional Ring A ring in which all nodes send and receive duplex traffic by traversing the same set of nodes for both directions of transmission under normal conditions. Thus, if a traffic from node "1" to node "2" is traveling clockwise, the traffic from "2" to "1" travels counterclockwise.

Binding In virtual concatenated payload configuration to specify one binding number to identify the VC4s of the same virtual concatenated payload. If a fault occurs to one of the bound services, all bound services will switch as a whole.

BIP BIP-X code is defined as a method of error monitoring. With even parity, an X-bit code is generated by the transmitting equipment over a specified portion of the signal in such a manner that the first bit of the code provides even parity over the first bit of all X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal, the second bit provides even parity over the second bit of all X-bit sequences within the specified portion, etc. Even parity is generated by setting the BIP-X bits so that there is an even number of 1s in each monitored partition of the signal. A monitored partition comprises all bits which are in the same bit position within the X-bit sequences in the covered portion of the signal. The covered portion includes the BIP-X.

Bit Error An error occurs to some bits in the digital code stream after being received, judged, and regenerated, thus damaging the quality of the transmitted information.

Bit Error Rate The number of coding violations detected in a unit of time, usually one second. Bit Error Rate (BER) is calculated with this formula:

BER = errored bits received/total bits sent.

BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply. A building timing supply that minimizes the number of synchronization links entering an office. Sometimes referred to as a synchronization supply unit.

BLSR Bidirectional Line Switched Ring. A bidirectional ring that uses the line level status and performance parameters to initiate APS.

Bound Path Also referred to as VC Trunk. The 2 Mbit/s paths which are bound together to transmit Ethernet data. The VC Trunk is an entity between the Ethernet port and the 2 M path.

Bridge The action of transmitting identical traffic (SPE contents) on both the working and protection channels.

Bridging Function The function residing in an ADM that adds traffic to a UPSR by which the ADM sends an identical copy of the added traffic in the same time slot on each outgoing fiber (in each direction around the ring). The ADM is said to be bridging the traffic.

Broadcast The act of sending a frame addressed to all stations on the network.



CCable Tie The tape usd to bind the cables.

Cabling The methods to route the cables or fibers.

Chain Network One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after one to be in series.

Channel The smallest subdivision of a circuit that provides a type of communication service; usually a path with only one direction.

Circuit A communications path or network; usually a pair of channels providing bi-directional communication.

CLEI Code Common Language Equipment Identification (CLEI) code. CLEI is trademark of Telcordia. A CLEI code list for each circuit pack or plug-in unit affixed to the modified product. The format of a CLEI code consists of ten alphanumeric characters apportioned to five data elements, Family, Subfamily, Features, Reference and Complemental.

Client A kind of terminal (PC or workstation) connected to a network that can send instructions to a server and get results through a user interface.

Clock Tracing The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a network.

Coding Violation A transmission error detected by the difference between the transmitted and the locally calculated bit-interleaved parity.

Concatenate The linking together of various data structures (e.g., two bandwidths joined to form a single bandwidth).

Configuration Data The data that configures the NE hardware for coordination between this NE and other NEs in the entire network and for operation of specified services. Configuration data is the instruction file of NEs and it is a key element to ensure that the network runs efficiently. The typical configuration data includes board configuration, clock configuration and protection relationship.

Configure To set the basic parameters of an operation object.

Congestion The condition that exists in a network if the capacity needed for the instantaneous traffic exceeds the bandwidth available in the network.

Connection A “transport entity” which consists of an associated pair of “unidirectional connections” capable of simultaneously transferring information in opposite directions between their respective inputs and outputs.

Connection Point A reference point where the output of a trail termination source or a connection is bound to the input of another connection, or where the output of a connection is bound to the input of a trail termination sink or another connection. The connection point is characterized by the information which passes across it. A bidirectional connection point is formed by the association of a contradirectional pair.

Convergence The process of developing a model of the echo path which will be used in the echo estimator to produce the estimate of the circuit echo.



Conversion In the context of message handling, a transmittal event in which an MTA transforms parts of a message content from one encoded information type to another or alters a probe so it appears that the described messages were so modified.

CoS Class of Service. CoS keeps the priority mapping rules. It works in internal ports. CoS is even more important when there is congestion. The services at different levels are processed according to the corresponding priorities. The service with higher priority is processed first and the service with lower priority is discarded when the bandwidth is insufficient.

CTAG Correlation Tag. Limited to six ASCII characters that correlates an input command with its output response(s). Its value may be an identifier or a decimal numeral.

Current Alarms Alarms that have not been cleared or those that have been cleared, but are not acknowledged.

Current Performance Data

The performance data stored in the current register is called current performance data. The current 15-minute or 24-hour register (only one for each) is applied to collect the performance data in the current monitoring period. The performance data changed within the monitor period.

DDCF Dispersion Compensation Fiber. A kind of fiber which uses negative dispersion to

compensate for the positive dispersion of transmitting fiber to maintain the original shape of the signal pulse.

DCN Data Communication Network. A communication network within a TMN or between TMNs which supports the Data Communication Function (DCF).

DDF Digital Distribution Frame. A frame that is used to transfer cables.

Defect A limited interruption in the ability of an item to perform a required function.

Demultiplexing A process applied to a multiplex signal for recovering signals combined within it and for restoring the distinct individual channels of the signals.

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

The higher capacity version of WDM, which is a means of increasing the capacity of fiber-optic data transmission systems through the multiplexing of multiple wavelengths of light. Commercially available DWDM systems support the multiplexing of from 8 to 40 wavelengths of light.

Digital Cross-Connect An electronic cross-connect which has access to lower-rate channels in higher-rate multiplexed signals and can electronically rearrange (cross connect) those channels.

Domain The domain of the LoopStar EMS specifies the scope of address or functions which are available to a certain user.

Drop The port on a network element where the service to an end customer may be connected (e.g., a tributary card on a SONET ADM). For example, a drop for a DS1 customer service may be provided by a VT1.5 card terminating a VT1.5 trail.

Drop and Continue The ability of a SONET add/drop multiplex to pass the same signal (STS/VT) that is being dropped onto the outgoing OC-N signal.



Drop-and-Continue Feature

A feature that allows traffic in a given time slot to enter the selector function at a node, and simultaneously be passed through the node in the same time slot without any alteration of the signal. This feature is required for broadcast services, dual-homed services, and protected ring interconnections. When used for protected ring interconnection, an add signal is simultaneously connected to the "non-continued" path without being bridged.

Dual-Fed A description of a ring that has entry nodes that add traffic to the ring via the bridging function.

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. The technology utilizes the characteristics of broad bandwidth and low attenuation of single mode optical fiber, employs multiple wavelengths with specific frequency spacing as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit simultaneously in the same fiber.

EEC-1 Electrical Carrier level 1 (EC–1) – One designation for the electrical interface signal

that is the counterpart to the basic module in SONET, the STS–1.

EC-N Electrical Carrier level N.

Ejector Level A component at the two ends of the faceplate of a board which is used for inserting or removing the board.

Electrical Carrier Level 1

One designation for the electrical interface signal that is the counterpart to the basic module in SONET, the STS-1. In this document, the term "STS-1 electrical" is used instead of "EC-1".

Encapsulation In 1000BASE-X, the process by which a MAC packet is enclosed within a PCS code-group stream.

EPL Ethernet Private Line. An EPL service is a point-to-point interconnection between two UNIs without SDH bandwidth sharing.Transport bandwidth is never shared between different customers.

ESCON Enterprise System Connection. A path protocol which connects the host with various control units in an storage system. It is a serial bit stream transmission protocol. The transmission rate is 200 Mbit/s.

ESD Electrostatic Discharge. The phenomena the energy being produced by electrostatic resource discharge instantly.

ESD Jack Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or subrack, which connect the subrack or cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.

Ethernet A data link level protocol comprising the OSI model’s bottom two layers. It is a broadcast networking technology that can use several different physical media, including twisted pair cable and coaxial cable. Ethernet usually uses CSMA/CD. TCP/IP is commonly used with Ethernet networks.

EVPL Ethernet Virtual Private Line. An EVPL service is a service that is both a line service and a virtual private service.

Exercise Switching This command tests whether a switching protocol can work normally without completing the actual switching operation.



Extra Traffic Unprotected traffic that is carried over the protection channels when not occupied by working traffic. The extra traffic may be preempted to provide transport capacity for protected or highly protected transport entities in the event of failure.

Eye Pattern A graphic presentation formed by the superimposition of the waveforms of all possible pulse sequences.

FFan Tray Assembly A module which contains fans used for heat dissipation.

Fault A fault is the inability of a function to perform a required action. This does not include an inability due to preventive maintenance, lack of external resources, or planned actions.

FC Fiber Channel. A standard of data storage network for transmitting signals at 100 Mbit/s to 4.25 Gbit/s over fiber or copper.

Fiber Cable The general name of an optical fiber and cable. The optical fiber transmits optical signals while the cable transmits electrical signal.

Fiber Connector A device mounted on the end of a fiber-optic cable, light source, receiver, or housing that mates to a similar device to couple light into and out of optical fibers. A connector joins two fiber ends, or one fiber end and a light source or detector.

Fiber Jumper The fiber which is used to connect the subrack with the ODF.

FICON Fiber Connect. A new generation connection protocol which connects the host with various control units. It carries single byte command protocol through the physical path of fiber channel and provides higher rate and better performance than ESCON.

Floating Mode A virtual tributary mode that allows the VT synchronous payload envelope to begin anywhere in the VT. Pointers identify the starting location of the VT SPE. VT SPEs in different superframes may begin at different locations.

Flow An aggregation of packets that have the same characteristics. On the LoopStar EMS or NE software, flow is a group of classification rules. On boards, it is a group of packets that have the same Quality of Service (QoS) operation. Currently, two flows are supported: port flow and port+VLAN flow. Port flow is based on port ID and port+VLAN flow is based on port ID and VLAN ID. The two flows cannot coexist in the same port.

Forced Switch This command performs ring switching from working channels to the protection channels. This switch occurs regardless of the state of the protection channels, unless the protection channels are satisfying a higher priority bridge request.

Frame A cyclic set of consecutive time slots in which the relative position of each time slot can be identified.



Free-Run Mode An operating condition of a clock, the output signal of which is strongly influenced by the oscillating element and not controlled by servo phase-locking techniques. In this mode, the clock has never had a network reference input or the clock has lost external reference and has no access to stored data that could be acquired from a previously connected external reference. Free-run begins when the clock output no longer reflects the influence of a connected external reference or transition from it. Free-run terminates when the clock output has achieved lock to an external reference.

Full Duplex Pertaining to both parties that can send and receive data at the same time on the communication link.

GGain The ratio between the optical power from the input optical interface of the optical

amplifier and the optical power from the output optical interface of the jumper fiber (expressed in dB).

Grooming Consolidating or segregating traffic for efficiency.

Grounding Resistance The resistance of the grounding bar.

Guide Rail A groove in the subrack which ensures the correct connection of a board to the backplane.

HHalf Duplex Pertaining to both parties that only one party can send data, while the other party can

only receive data on the communication link.

Hardware Loopback A method to use a fiber to connect the receiving optical interface with the transmitting one on a board. It performs transmission tests, which method usually does not require the assistance of personnel at the served terminal.

History Alarms Alarms that have been cleared and acknowledged.

IInput Jitter Tolerance For STS-N electrical interfaces, input jitter tolerance is the maximum amplitude of

sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter frequency, which when modulating the signal at an equipment input port results in no more than two errored seconds cumulative, where these errored seconds are integrated over successive 30 second measurement intervals.

IP over DCC The IP Over DCC follows TCP/IP telecommunications standards and controls the remote NEs through the Internet. The IP Over DCC means that the IP over DCC uses overhead DCC byte (the default is D1-D3) for communication.

Isolated Node A type of special logical system which does not belong to any protection subnet or SDH NNI. It is the node that has been configured on the NE side but cannot form (or has not formed) a corresponding protection subnet with other nodes. This node may be either an NE or a logical system on the NE.

Isolation A non-reciprocal optical device intended to suppress backward reflections along an optical fiber transmission line while having minimum insertion loss in the forward direction.



JJitter Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, control system

instability, etc.

Jitter Tolerance For STS-N electrical interfaces, input jitter tolerance is the maximum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter frequency, which results in no more than two errored seconds cumulative when the signal is modulated at an equipment input port. These errored seconds are integrated over successive 30 second measurement intervals. Requirements on input jitter tolerance as just stated are specified in terms of compliance with a jitter mask which represents a combination of points. Each point corresponds to a minimum amplitude of sinusoidal jitter at a given jitter frequency which results in two or fewer errored seconds in a 30 second measurement interval when the signal is modulated at the equipment input port. For the OC-N optical interface, it is defined as the amplitude of the peak-to-peak sinusoidal jitter applied at the input of an OC-N interface that causes a 1 dB power penalty.

LLabel A mark on a cable, a subrack or a cabinet for identification.

Laser The device that generates the directional light covering a narrow range of wavelengths. Laser light is more coherent than ordinary light. Semiconductor diode lasers are the used light source in fiber-optic system.

Layer A concept used to allow the transport network functionality to be described hierarchically as successive levels; each layer being solely concerned with the generation and transfer of its characteristic information.

LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme. A solution features flexible bandwidth and dynamic adjustment. In addition, it provides a failure tolerance mechanism which enhances the viability of virtual concatenations and enables the dynamic adjustment to bandwidth (non-service affecting).

Link A “topological component” that provides transport capacity between two endpoints in different subnetworks via a fixed (i.e., inflexible routing) relationship. The endpoints are “subnetwork termination point pools” for SONET and link termination points for ATM. Multiple links may exist between a pair of subnetworks. A link also represents a set of “link connections”.

Loopback The fault of each path on the optical fiber can be located by setting loopback for each path of the line.

LoopStar EMS The LoopStar EMS is a Subnet Management System (SNMS). In the telecommunication management network architecture, the LoopStar EMS is located between the NE level and network level which supports all NE level functions and part of the network level management functions.



MMAC Media Access Control. The data link sublayer that is responsible for transferring data to

and from the Physical Layer.

MAN Metropolitan Area Network. An IEEE-approved network that supports high speeds over a metropolitan area.

Management Information Base

The specification and formal description of a set of objects and variables that can be read and possibly written using the SNMP protocol. Various standard MIBs are defined by the IETF.

Manual Switch A type of protection switching. When the protection channel is efficient and there is no higher-level switching request, this mode switches the service from the working channel to the protection channel, thus testing whether network still has the protection capability.

Map/Demap A term for multiplexing, implying more visibility inside the resultant multiplexed bit stream than available with conventional asynchronous techniques.

Mapping A procedure by which tributaries are adapted into virtual containers at the boundary of an SDH network.

Mean Launched Power

The average power of a pseudo-random data sequence coupled into the fiber by the transmitter.

Mounting Bracket A component on the side of a subrack or a frame, which is used to install the subrack or frame in a cabinet.

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching. Multi-protocol label switching. It is a standard routing and switching technology platform, capable of supporting various high level protocols and services. The data transmission over an MPLS network is independent of route calculating. MPLS as a connection-oriented transmission technology guarantees QoS effectively, supports various network level technologies, and is independent of the link layer.

Multicast Transmission of a frame to stations specified by a group address.

Multiplex To transmit two or more signals over a single channel.

Multiplex Section Overhead

The multiplex section overhead comprises rows 5 to 9 of the SOH of the STM-N signal.

Multiplexer An equipment which combines a number of tributary channels onto a fewer number of aggregate bearer channels, the relationship between the tributary and aggregate channels being fixed.

Multiplexing A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higher order path or the multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into a multiplex section.



NNetwork Segment The range of IP addresses in which the gateway NE will operate.

Non-Revertive In non-revertive mode when a protection switch occurs, the working service will be switched to the protection service and the status will remain after it returns normal.

NRZ Non Return to Zero. A digital code in which the signal level is low for a 0 bit and high for a 1 bit and dose not return to 0 between successive 1 bits.

OOAM&P Operation, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning (OAM&P) is a group of

management functions that provides system or network fault indication, performance monitoring, security management, diagnostic functions, configuration and user provisioning.

OC-1 The optical equivalent of an STS-1 signal.

OC-N The optical equivalent of an STS-N signal.

ONE Optical Network Element. A stand-alone physical entity in an optical transmission network that supports at least network element functions.

Optical Connector A component normally attached to an optical cable or piece of apparatus for the purpose of providing frequent optical interconnection/disconnection of optical fibers or cables.

Optical Interface A device to allow two or more corresponding optical transmitting units to be connected.

Overhead Extra bits in a digital stream used to carry traffic signals and other information. Orderwire, for example, would be considered overhead information.

Overhead Information Auxiliary Channel Overhead Information is information that may be transferred by an optical network layer but which does not by necessity have to be associated with a particular connection. An example of such an auxiliary channel is a data communications channel for the purposes of transferring management data between management entities. NOTE - These management entities are not trail termination and adaptation functions.

PPane A major separate area of a window or dialog box, usually used for display rather than

data entry.

Pass-Through The action of transmitting by a node exactly what is received by that node for any given direction of transmission. A pass-through can be unidirectional or bidirectional. For BLSRs, a pass-through refers to the K1 and the K2 bytes and the protection channels. Three types of pass-throughs are used in BLSRs: K byte pass-through, unidirectional full pass-through, and bidirectional full pass-through.

Path A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signal at the given rate is assembled and the point at which the standard frame format for the signal is disassembled.



Path Overhead Overhead accessed, generated, and processed by path-terminating equipment. Path overhead includes nine bytes of STS Path Overhead and when the frame is VT-structured, five bytes of VT Path Overhead.

Path Protection The working principle of path protection: When the system works in path protection mode, the PDH path uses the dual-fed and signal selection mode. Through the tributary unit and cross-connect unit, the tributary signal is sent simultaneously to the east and west lines. Meanwhile, the cross-connect matrix sends the signal dually sent from the opposite end to the tributary board through the active and standby buses, and the hardware of the tributary board automatically and selectively receive the signal from the two groups of buses automatically according to the AIS number of the lower order path.

Path Terminating Equipment

Network elements (i.e., fiber-optic terminating systems) which can access, generate, and process Path Overhead.

Payload The portion of the SONET signal available to carry service signals (i.e., DS1 and DS3). The contents of an STS SPE or VT SPE.

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy. PDH is the digital networking hierarchy that was used before the advent of Sonet/SDH.

Performance Threshold

Performance events usually have upper and lower thresholds. When the performance event count value exceeds the upper threshold, a performance threshold-crossing event is generated; when the performance event count value is below the upper threshold for a period of time, the performance threshold-crossing event is ended. In this way, performance jitter caused by some sudden events can be shielded.

PIN PIN Photodiode. A semiconductor detector with an intrinsic (i) region separating the p and n-doped regions. It has fast linear response and is used in fiber-optic receivers.

PMU Power Monitor Unit. One type of power and environmental monitoring unit.

POH Path OverHead (see Path Overhead).

Pointer An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual container with respect to the frame reference of the transport entity on which it is supported.

Private Line Both communication parties are connected permanently.

Procedure A generic term for an action.

Process A generic term for a collection of actions.

Protection Path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.

Protection Service A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.



Provisioning The process of making available various telecommunications resources (i.e., switching systems and transport facilities) for telecommunication services. Provisioning includes forecasting the demand for services, determining the additions or changes to the network that will be needed, determining where and when they will be needed, and installing all the necessary network elements to provide such services.

PVC Permanent Virtual Connection. Traditional ATM Permanent Virtual Connection that is established/released upon a request initiated by a management request procedure (that is all nodes supporting the connections need to be instructed by the network management).

RRAI Remote Alarm Indication. A code sent upstream in a DSn network as a notification that

a failure condition has been declared downstream. (RAI signals were previously referred to as Yellow signals.)

Receiver Overload Receiver overload is the maximum acceptable value of the received average power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.

Receiver Sensitivity Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.

Reference Clock A clock of very high stability and accuracy that may be completely autonomous and whose frequency serves as a basis of comparison for the frequency of other clocks.

REG A device that performs regeneration.

Regeneration The process of receiving and reconstructing a digital signal so that the amplitudes, waveforms and timing of its signal elements are constrained within specified limits.

Revertive Switching In revertive switching, there is a working and protection line or unit. Services always revert back to the original working line or unit if the switch requests are terminated. When the working line or unit has recovered from the fault or the external request is cleared.

Ring Network One type of network that all network nodes are connected one after one to be a cycle.

Ring Segmentation When multiple ring switches are performed in response to multiple protection switch initiations, the original ring can be divided into two or more smaller rings. If more than a single pair of ring switches are performed on the original ring, the ring is said to be segmented.

Route The path a trail takes.

RS-232 In the asynchronous transfer mode, there is no hand-shaking signal. It can communicate with RS-232 and RS-422 of other stations in point-to-point mode and the transmission is transparent. Its highest speed is 19.2 kbps.



SS1 Byte The byte defined in ITU-T to transmit the network synchronization status information.

SD Signal Degrade (see Signal Degrade).

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. A hierarchical set of digital transport structures, standardized for the transport of suitably adapted payloads over physical transmission networks.

Section The portion of a SONET transmission facility including terminating points between (i) a terminal network element and a regenerator or (ii) two regenerators. A terminating point is the point after signal regeneration at which performance monitoring is (or may be) done.

Section Overhead Nine bytes of overhead accessed, generated, and processed by section terminating equipment. This overhead supports functions such as framing the signal and performance monitoring.

Section Terminating Equipment

Equipment that terminates the SONET Section layer. STE interprets and modifies or creates the Section Overhead.

Self-Healing Establishment of a replacement connection by network without the NMC function. When a connection failure occurs, the replacement connection is found by the network elements and rerouted depending on network resources available at that time.

Service Protection The measures to make sure the service transmitting is not to be damaged or corrupted.

Settings Parameters of an operation that can be selected by the user.

SF Signal fail (see Signal Fail).

SFP Small form-factor pluggable (see Small Form-Factor Pluggable).

Short Reach Short Reach (SR) optical interfaces refer to optical sections having system loss budgets from 0 db to 7 db. Depending on the SONET hierarchical level, SR transmitters may be either LEDs or low power Multi-Longitudinal Mode (MLM) lasers.

Signal Degrade A signal indicating the associated data has degraded in the sense that a Degraded Defect (dDEG) condition is active.

Signal Fail A signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect condition (not being the degraded defect) is active.

Simple Network Management Protocol

An IETF protocol for monitoring and managing systems and devices in a network. The data being monitored and managed is defined by a Management Information Base (MIB). The functions supported by the protocol are the request and retrieval of data, the setting or writing of data, and traps that signal the occurrence of events.



Small Form-Factor Pluggable

A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers. The devices are designed for use with Small Form-Factor (SFF) connectors and offer high speed and physical compactness, and are hot-swappable. SFP transceivers are expected to perform at data speeds of up to five gigabits per second (5 Gbit/s) and possibly higher. Because SFP modules can be easily interchanged, electro-optical or fiber optic networks can be upgraded and maintained more conveniently than has been the case with traditional soldered-in modules. Rather than replacing an entire circuit board containing several soldered-in modules, a single module can be removed and replaced for repair or upgrading. This can result in a substantial cost savings, both in maintenance and in upgrading efforts.

SONET Add-Drop Multiplexer

A Network Element that provides either one or two "high-speed" SONET interfaces, as well as "tributary" interfaces at one or more of the various rates supported in the digital network.

Span The set of SONET lines between two adjacent nodes on a ring.

Span Switching In a 4-fiber BLSR, the working and protection channels are carried over different lines. Thus a 4-fiber ring may allow protection similar to 1:1 point-to-point protection switching on individual spans. For failures that affect only the working channels (e.g., a single fiber cut), the restoration can be performed by switching the working channels to a different line carrying protection channels on the same span. Hereafter, when used in context with ring architectures, this type of switching is called span switching to avoid confusion. The actual protocol for span switching is part of the BLSR protocol and differs from the protocol used in point-to-point APS systems. Span switching is not applicable for 2-fiber BLSRs.

Squelching Traffic Replacing traffic by the appropriate path AIS to prevent misconnections. STS level squelching occurs only into and out of the protection channels (working channels are never squelched).

SSM Synchronization Status Message. ITU-T defines S1 byte to transmit the network synchronization status information. It uses the lower four bits of the multiplex section overhead S1 byte to indicate 16 types of synchronization quality grades.

STM-N Synchronous Transport Module. An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 ms. The information is suitably conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155.520kbit/s.

Stratum Level of clock source used to categorize accuracy.

STS Path Overhead Nine evenly distributed Path Overhead bytes per 125 ms starting at the first byte of the STS SPE. STS POH provides for communication between the point of creation of an STS SPE and its point of disassembly.

STS-1 Synchronous Transport Signal Level 1 (see Synchronous Transport Signal Level 1).

STS-N Synchronous Transport Signal Level N (see Synchronous Transport Signal Level N).

STS-N Electrical Signal

The electrical interface signal that is the counterpart to an STS-N. An STS-N electrical signal may also be referred to as an EC-N signal.



Subnet The logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group of network management objects. A subnet can contain NEs and other subnets. A subnet planning can enhance the organization of a network view.

Subnet Mask Also referred to as the network mask off code. It is used to define network segments so that only the computers in the same network segment can communicate with one another, thus suppressing broadcast storm between different network segments.

Support The frame on the bottom of a cabinet when installing the cabinet on the antistatic floor.

Switching Priority The rule that should be set when several protected boards need to be switched. If the switching priority of each board is set the same, the tributary board that fails later cannot be switched. The board with higher priority can preempt the switching of that with lower priority.

Synchronous A network where transmission system payloads are synchronized to a master (network) clock and traced to a reference clock.

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

A hierarchical set of digital transport structures standardized for the transportation of suitably adapted payloads over physical (primarily optical) transmission networks.

Synchronous Payload Envelope

The major portion of the SONET frame format used to transport payload and STS path overhead. A SONET structure that carries the payload (service) in a SONET frame or virtual tributary. The STS SPE may begin anywhere in the frame’s payload envelope. The VT SPE may begin anywhere in a floating mode VT, but begins at a fixed location in a locked-mode VT.

Synchronous Transport Signal Level 1

The basic (functional) module used to build SONET signals. An STS-1 has a bit rate of 51.84 Mb/s, and may be converted to an OC-1 or STS-1 electrical interface signal, multiplexed with other modules to form a higher rate (STS-N) signal, or combined with other STS-1s to form an STS-Nc.

Synchronous Transport Signal Level N

A (functional) module used to build SONET signals. An STS-N has a bit rate of N’51.84 Mb/s, and may be converted to an OC-N or STS-N electrical interface signal, or multiplexed with other modules to form a higher rate signal (in which case it is referred to as an STS-M).

TTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Common name for the suite of

protocols developed to support the construction of worldwide internetworks.

Test Access Test Access usually refers to DS1 and DS3 Test Access. Test access, a traditional DCS function, allows the user visibility into any VT1.5/STS-1 signal in the network. Test access aids users in turning up connections and in identifying faults in existing service connections. DMX supports two different types of test access. The non-intrusive method simply taps the VT1.5/STS-1 channel as it passes through the system and routes it to an external testing device. The more intrusive mode splits the VT1.5/STS-1 from the incoming signal and sends it to an external testing device. Test access facilitates DMX functioning in a DCS application.

TID Target Identifier. It is a destination code in the form of a valid simple or compound TL1 identifier or text string, limited to 20 characters, including the CLLI code.

Timeslot Single timeslot on an E1 digital interface (a 64-kbps, synchronous, full-duplex data channel) typically used for a single voice connection.



TL1 Transaction Language 1.A Telcordia Technologies machine-to-machine communications language that is a subset of ITU-TSS, formerly CCITT’s, human-machine language.

TMN Telecommunications Management Network. The entity which provides the means used to transport and process information related to management functions for the telecommunications network.

TPS Tributary Protection Switching. A function provided by the equipment is intended to protect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.

Trail A type of transport entity mainly engaged in transferring signal from the input of the trail source to the output of the trail sink and monitoring the integrality of the transferred signal.

Tray A discal component in the cabinet which is used to place the chassis or other equipment.

Tributary Unit An information structure which provides adaptation between the lower order path layer and the higher order path layer. It consists of an information payload (the lower order VC) and a TU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to the higher order VC frame start.

UUID User Identifier (same as User-ID). It is the non-confidential identifier of a user

(i.e., a name, used to initiate a session).

Upper Threshold The critical value that can induce unexpected events if exceeded.

User The user of the LoopStar EMS client, and the user and password define the corresponding authority of operation and management of the LoopStar EMS.

User Group The set of NM users with the same management authorities. The default user group includes: system administrator, system maintainer, system operator and system supervisor. The attributes of user set include name and detailed description.

VVC Virtual Container (VC).

Virtual Concatenation The payload whose transmission bandwidth is bigger than VC4. Virtual concatenation combines multiple VC4 payloads (successive or non-successive) to form a virtual large structure VC4-Xv in cascade mode for transmission. The transmission of the broadband cascaded payload is implemented via the virtual cascade, thus improving the SDH transmission payload bandwidth capability from VC4 to VC4-4C.

VLAN Virtual local area network. A subset of the active topology of a Bridged Local Area Network. Associated with each VLAN is a VLAN Identifier (VID).

VT Path Remote Failure Indication

A signal applicable only to a VT1.5 with the byte-synchronous DS1 mapping, which is returned to the transmitting VT PTE upon declaring certain failures. The RFI-V signal was previously known as the VT Path Yellow signal.



WWavelength A means of increasing the capacity of fiber-optic data transmission systems through

the Division multiplexing of multiple wavelengths of light. WDM systems support the multiplexing Multiplexing of as many as four wavelengths.

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM). WDM technology utilizes the characteristics of broad bandwidth and low attenuation of single mode optical fiber, employs multiple wavelengths as carriers, and allows multiple channels to transmit simultaneously in a single fiber.

Working Path A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled working.

Working Service A specific service that is part of a protection group and is labeled working.

WTR Wait to Restore. This command is issued when working channels meet the restoral threshold after an SD or SF condition. It is used to maintain the state during the WTR period unless it is pre-empted by a higher priority bridge request.

WTR Time A period of time that must elapse before a – from a fault recovered – trail/connection can be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic signal from.

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 D-1

DAppendixLOOPSTAR 800 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

A ABR Available Bit RateACE Adaptive Communication EnvironmentADM Add/Drop MultiplexerADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber LineAIC Application Identification ChannelAID Access IdentifierAIS Alarm Indication SignalAIS-L Line Alarm Indication SignalALS Automatic Laser ShutdownAM Administration ModuleAMI Alternate Mark Inversion CodeANSI American National Standard InstituteAP Span-Powered Access PointAPS Automatic Protection SwitchingASCII American Standard Code for

Information InterchangeASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation OneATE ATM Terminating Equipment (SONET)ATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeAWG American Wire Gauge

B B-DCS Broadband Digital Cross ConnectsBER Bit Error RateBIOS Basic Input/Output SystemBIP Bit Interleaved ParityBITS Building Integrated Timing SupplyBLSR Bi-directional Line Switched RingBML Business Management LayerBOM Bill of MaterialsBPV Bipolar Violation

C CA Certificate AuthorityCAR Committed Access RateCD CD/CD-ROM or Carrier DetectCDE Common Desktop EnvironmentCLEI Common Language Equipment

Identifier (CLEI) code

CLNS Connectionless Network SystemCM Communication ModuleCMISE Common Management Information

Service ElementCO Central OfficeCORBA Common Object Request Broker

ArchitectureCoS Class of ServiceCPU Central Processing UnitCR Critical AlarmCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with

Collision DetectionCTS Clear To SendCUI Code User Interface

D DBCHG Database ChangedDC Direct CurrentDCBS Delta Committed Burst SizeDCC Data Communication ChannelDCF Data Communication Function or

Dispension Compensation FiberDCN Data Communication NetworkDDN Digital Data NetworkDHCP Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDLC Digital Loop CarrierDMBS Delta Maximum Burst SizeDN Distinguished NameDNI Dual Node InterconnectionDNS Domain Naming SystemDRI Dual Ring InterconnectionDSL Digital Subscriber LoopDSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access

MultiplexerDSP Domain Specific Part FormatDSR Data Set ReadyDSSS Direct Sequence Spread SpectrumDTR Data Terminal ReadyDUS Do not use for timing synchronization

Appendix D: LoopStar 800 Acronyms and Abbreviations

D-2 LPS800-UM-APPL-05

DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

DXC Digital Cross Connect System

E EC-1 Electrical Carrier Level 1ECC Embedded Control ChannelEC-N Electrical Carrier Level NEFI Engineering, Furnishing, and

InstallationEFS Error-Free SecondEMC Electro Magnetic CompatibilityEMI Electro Magnetic InterferenceEML Element Management LayerEMS Element Management SystemEOS Ethernet Over SONETEPL Ethernet Private LineEPLAN Ethernet Private LANEPS Equipment Protection SwitchES Errored secondESCON Enterprise System ConnectionESD Electrostatic DischargeeSFP enhanced Small-Form Factor

PluggableEVPL Ethernet Virtual Private LineEVPLAN Ethernet Virtual Private LAN

F FAQ Frequently Asked QuestionsFCAPS Fault Management, Configuration

Management, Accounting Management, Performance Management, Security Management

FCS Frame Check SequenceFE Fast EthernetFEAC Far-End Alarm ControlFICON Fiber ConnectionFLASH FLASH memoryFPGA Field Programmable Gate ArrayFSVP Fiber Share Virtual PathFTP File Transfer Protocol

G GCM Global Cluster ManagerGE Gigabit Ethernet

GFP Generic Framing ProcedureGNE Gateway Network ElementGR Telcordia Generic RequirementsG.SHDSL Single-pair High-speed Digital

Subscriber LineGUI Graphic User Interface

H HA High-AvailabilityHDLC High-level Data Link ControlHTTP Hypertext Transfer ProtocolHTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

I IC Integrated CircuitIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics

EngineersIGMP Internet Group Management ProtocoliMAP Integrated Management Application

PlatformIP Internet ProtocolIR Intermediate ReachISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkITU-T International Telecommunication

Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector

IVL Independent Virtual Local Area Network Learning

L LAG Link Aggregation GroupLAN Local Area NertworkLAPS Line Automatic Protection SwitchingLBO Line Build-OutLCAS Link Capacity Adjustment SchemeLCS Leased Circuit ServiceLCT Local Craft TerminalLED Light Emitting DiodeLinear APS

Linear Automatic Protection Switching

LLC Logical Link ControlLOF Loss Of FrameLOP Loss Of PointerLOS Loss Of SignalLPBK LoopbackLPT Link Pass Through



LR Long ReachLSP Label Switch PathLTE Line Terminating Equipment

M MAC Media Access ControlMADM Multiple Add/Drop MultiplexerMAINT MaintenanceMAN Metropolitan Area NetworkMCF Message Communication FunctionMDI Multi-Document InterfaceMDP Message Dispatch ProcessMgr ManagerMIB Management Information BaseMIT Managed Object Instance TreeMJ MajorMLM Multi-Longitudinal Mode (laser)MLT Mechanized Loop TestingMML Man Machine LanguageMN MinorMO Managed ObjectMPLS Multiprotocol Label SwitchingMPPE Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption

ProtocolMS Multiplex SectionMT Maintenance StateMTBF Mean Time Between FailuresMTIE Maximum Time Interval ErrorMUX Multiplexer

N NA Non-AlarmedNC Normal CloseNE Network ElementNEL Network Element LevelNEBS Network Equipment Building SystemNIC Network Interface CardNM Network ManagementNML Network Management LayerNMS Network Management SystemNO Normal Open

NP Network ProcessorNR Not ReportedNRZ Non Return to ZeroNSAP Network Services Access PointNT1 Network Termination Type-1

O OAM Operation Administration and Maintenance

OAM&P Operation, Administration, Maintenance and Provisioning

OC-1 Optical Carrier Level 1OC-N Optical Carrier Level NOEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOH OverheadOIF Optical Internetworking ForumONE Optical Network ElementORL Optical Return LossOSF Operation System FunctionOSI Open Systems InterconnectionOSP Outside PlantOSPF Open Shortest Path First

P PC Personal ComputerPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyPE Provider EdgePGND Protection GroundPIR Peak Information RatePIU Power Interface UnitPLM Payload Label MismatchPM Performance ManagementPOH Path OverheadPOTS Plain Old Telephone ServicePP Path ProtectionPRBS Psuedo-Random Binary SequencePROV ProvisioningPRS Primary Reference SourcePST Primary StatePSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPTP Point-to-Point

Q QoS Quality of Service



R RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In ServiceRAM Remote Access MultiplexerRAI Remote Alarm IndicationRAS Remote Access ServerRDI Remote Defect IndicationRDMS Relational Database Management

SystemREG RegeneratorsRES Reserved for Network Synchronization

UseRIP Routing Information ProtocolRMA Return Material AuthorizationRMON Remote MonitoringRMS Root-Mean-SquareRPR Resilient Packet RingRS Regenerator SectionRTRV RetrieveRTS Request To SendRUP Rational Unified Process

S SCB Serial Communication BusSCC System Control and CommunicationSCSI Small Computer Systems InterfaceSD Signal DegradationSDBER Signal Degrade Bit Error RatioSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySEFS Severely errored frame secondSEMF Synchronous Equipment Management

FunctionSES Severely Errored SecondSF Signal FailureSFF Small Form-FactorSFP Small Form-Factor PluggableSIF SONET Interoperability ForumSLM Single Longitudinal ModeSMC SONET Minimum ClockSML Service Management LayerSMS Service Management SystemSMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSN Sequence Number

SNCMP Sub-Network Connection Multiple Protection

SNCP Sub-Network Connection ProtectionSNML Sub-Network Management LayerSNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolSNMS Sub-Network Management SystemSOH Section OverheadSONET Synchronous Optical NETworkSPE Synchronous Payload EnvelopeSSC System Control and CommunicationSSID Service Set Identifier (Wireless

Network Name)SSL Secure Sockets LayerSSM Synchronization Status MarkerSSM Synchronization Status MessageSSR Side-mode Suppression RatioSST Secondary StateSTE Section Terminating EquipmentSTM Synchronous Transport ProtocolSTP Spanning Tree Protocol or Shielded

Twisted PairSTS Synchronous Transport SignalSTS-1 Synchronous Transport Signal Level 1STS-N Synchronous Transport Signal Level NSTU Sync Traceability UnknownSUPER SuperuserSVL Shared Virtual Local Area Network

Learning

T TACC Test AccessTAP Test Access PortTCM Tandem Connection MeasurementTC-PAM Trellis Coded Pulse Amplitude

ModulationTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

ProtocolTDEV Time DeviationTDM Time Division MultiplexTH Temperature HardenTID Target IdentifierTKIP Temporary Key Integrity ProtocolTL1 Transaction Language 1



TM Terminal MultiplexTMF Telecommunication Management

ForumTMN Telecommunication Management

NetworkTNC Transit Node ClockTOH Transport OverheadTPS Tributary Protection SwitchingTSGR Transport Systems Generic

RequirementsTTL Time To LiveTU Tributary Unit

U UAS Unavailable SecondsUBR Unspecified Bit RateUDP User Datagram ProtocolUID User IdentifierUML Unified Modeling LanguageUNEQ UnequippedUPS Uninterrupted Power SupplyUPSR Unidirectional Path Switched RingUTP Unshielded Twisted Pair

V VB Virtual BridgeVBLP Virtual Bridge Logical PortVC Virtual Circuit or Virtual ContainerVCG Virtual Concatenation GroupVCI Virtual Circuit IdentifierVCS Veritas Cluster ServerVID VLAN IdentifierVLAN Virtual Local Area NetworkVOD Video On DemandVPI Virtual Path IdentifierVPN Virtual Private NetworkVT Virtual TributaryVVR Veritas Volume ReplicationVxVM Veritas Volume Manager

W WAN Wide Area NetworkWDM Wavelength Division MultiplexingWECA Wireless Ethernet Compatibility

Alliance

WEP Wired Equivalent PrivacyWLAN Wireless Local Area NetworkWPA WiFi Protected AccessWSF Workstation FunctionWTR Wait-to-Restore

LPS800-UM-APPL-05 E-1

EAppendixPRODUCT SUPPORTADC Customer Service Group provides expert pre-sales support and training for all of its products. Technical support is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week by contacting the ADC Technical Assistance Center.

Sales Assistance: 800.366.3891 Quotation Proposals, Ordering and Delivery General, and Product Information

Systems Integration: 800.366.3891 Complete Solutions (from concept to installation), Network Design and Integration Testing, System Turn-Up and Testing, Network Monitoring (upstream or downstream), Power Monitoring and Remote Surveillance, Service/Maintenance Agreements, and Systems Operation

ADC Technical Assistance Center: 800.366.3891

Email: [email protected]

Technical Information, System/Network Configuration, Product Specification and Application, Training (product-specific), Installation and Operation Assistance, and Troubleshooting and Repair/Field Assistance

Online Technical Support: www.adc.com/Knowledge_Base/index.jspOnline Technical Publications: www.adc.com/documentationlibrary/

technicalpublications/Product Return Department: 800.366.3891

Email: [email protected]

ADC Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and instructions must be obtained before returning products.

Appendix E: Product Support

E-2 LPS800-UM-APPL-05

Certification and WarrantyLimited WarrantyProduct warranty is determined by your service agreement. Refer to the ADC Warranty/Software Handbook foradditional information, or contact your sales representative or Customer Service for details.

ModificationsThe FCC requires the user to be notified that any changes or modifications made to this device that are notexpressly approved by ADC voids the user’s warranty.

All wiring external to the products should follow the provisions of the current edition of the National Electrical Code.

FCC Class A ComplianceThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference whenthe equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful inter-ference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful inter-ference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Safety Standards ComplianceThis equipment has been tested and verified to comply with the applicable sections of the following safety stan-dards:

• GR 63-CORE - Network Equipment-Building System (NEBS) Requirements• GR 1089-CORE - Electromagnetic Compatibility and Electrical Safety• Binational Standard, UL-60950 3rd Edition/CSA1459 C22.2 No. 60950-00: Safety of Information Technology

Equipment

World HeadquartersADC Telecommunications, Inc.PO Box 1101Minneapolis, MN 55440-1101 USA

For Technical AssistanceTel: 800.366.3891

LoopStar® 800 Application and Engineering User Manual

Document Number:

Product Catalog: LPS-FRM800-Lx

LPS800-UM-APPL-05

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