Low seafood substitution rate in Qatar markets · 2018-01-10 · Low seafood substitution rate in...
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Low seafood substitution rate in Qatar markets H Altarawneh 1 , G Andrews 1 , GS. Ganesan 1 , K John 1 , S Khan 1 , H Ladumor 1 , D Zakaria, K-C Chen Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar Poster ID: 448 Background: DNA barcoding techniques have made it possible to authenticate various species used for food and medicinal purposes. In the identification of seafood species, studies are concentrated in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. Elsewhere, including countries in the Middle East and North Africa, studies of this sort are scarce. For a growing country such as Qatar that relies on imports for the majority of its food supplies, the increasing seafood demand calls for its authentication in particular for it being an superior alternative to red meats favored traditionally by its population known to show high rates of cardiovascular diseases. Results: This student-centered research focuses on fish fillet available at ten major supermarket chains in Doha, Qatar. A cocktail of eight primers attached with M13 tails established for fish species identification was adopted to facilitate PCR and sequencing. Sequences were compared with those available in GenBank and Barcode of Life Databases (BOLD). Among the 50 unique fish fillet packages analyzed, only two are determined to be mislabeled, a rate of 4%. Significance: This study is the first of its kind conducted in countries in the Arabian Gulf countries and one of a handful of known studies of seafood authentication in the Middle East and Northern Africa. The relatively low rate of mislabeling in the samples perhaps is due to strict local food safety regulations, which may have indirectly led to high consistency between the package labels and their contents. 1. Hebert, P. D., Cwyinska, A., Ball, S. L., & DeWaard, J. R. (2003). Biological Identifications through DNA Barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270(512), 313-321. Doi: 10. 1098/rspb.2022.2218. 2. Di Pinto, A., Mottola, A., Marchetti, P., Bottaro, M., Terio,V., Bozzo, G., Tantillo, G. (2015). Packaged frozen fishery products: Species identification, mislabeling occurrence and legislative implications. Food Chemistry, 194, 279–283. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.135 . 3. Ivanova, N., Zemlak, T., Hanner, R., & Hebert, P. (2007). Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7(4), 544-548.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01748.x 4. Ratnasingham, S., & Hebert, P.D. (2007). BARCODING: BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System http://www.barcodinglife.org ). Molecular Ecology Notes, 7(3), 355-364. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x Market substitution of processed food, herbal medicine and fresh and frozen seafood have raised international awareness. Among the seafood substitution studies, most of them have been concentrated in North American, European, and Pacific Asian countries while less so in other regions. Using molecular and bioinformatics tools 1,2 this study focuses on fresh and frozen fish fillet sold in the large supermarket chains in Qatar (Figure 1) to maintain consumer confidence in seafood for it being a healthier protein choice for nationals who are known to show high rate of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Methods Introduc.on FIGURE 2: Partial M13 viral sequences were covalently bonded to primer cocktail sequences in PCR. Sequencing reactions were streamlined by the use of only M13 forward and reverse sequences as primers. Results This research was made possible by a UREP award [UREP19-003-4-001] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the The Qatar Foundation) and Supplemental Summer Research Fund by Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. FIGURE1. Although Qatar (in dotted circle) is surrounded by sea on three sides, traditionally lamb and beef have been the preferred protein sources by the nationals. (Source: Google Maps.) Samples of frozen and refrigerated fish were collected from various food retailers in Qatar. DNA was extracted using Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit from 25 mg of muscle tissues with a cocktail of primers attached with M13 tails for PCR 3 . M13 tails were subsequently used as primers for bidirectional sequencing to produce 652-bp partial CO1 gene sequences as species marker 3 . Sequence similarity searches were conducted on Barcode of Life Database 4 and BLAST (National Center for Biotechnological Information). Name on label (scientific name) Common name (CO1 ID) % BLAST match White Snapper Fillet (Macolor niger) Painted sweet lips (Diagramma pictum) 100 Pangasius hypophthalmus Rohu (Labeo rohita) 100 Discussion Inconsistencies between the package labels and content in seafood are common. Hundreds of studies have been published and in some the mislabeling may be 100% 5 . As a contrast, the current study shows two out of 50 samples, constituting 4% of confirmed mismatch, a relatively low percentage compared to other studies. This may be attributed to unintended benefit of strict food and health safety regulations in the State of Qatar 6 . 5. Warner, K., Mustain, P., Lowell, B., Geren, S., & Talmage, S. (2016). Deceptive Dishes: Seafood Swaps Found Worldwide (Rep.). Oceana.org. 6. SCH continues to strengthen food safety [Internet]; c2015 [cited 2017 November 10.]. https://www.moph.gov.qa/news/sch-continues-to-strengthen-food-safety 7. Jacquet, Jennifer L., and Daniel Pauly. "Trade Secrets: Renaming and Mislabeling of Seafood." Marine Policy 32.3 (2008): 309-18. Web. 1 These authors contributed equally to this research. Although strict regulations for food safety may indirectly deter market substitution of authentic food product, there is a need for regulatory mechanism to routinely inspect packaged seafood using molecular tool such as DNA barcoding techniques 7 . This may ensure seafood industry, processors and importers to adhere to food safety laws, minimize exploitation of endangered aquatic species and prevent intentional or unintentional market substitution. ~~~~~ ~~~~~ TABLE 1. List of inconsistent labels. Two out of 50 analyzed samples were confirmed to be mislabeled, a rate of 4%. References Partial CO1 gene Primer with M13 tail-F Primer with M13 tail-R PCR Sequencing with M13 F and R primers
Transcript of Low seafood substitution rate in Qatar markets · 2018-01-10 · Low seafood substitution rate in...
Low seafood substitution rate in Qatar markets H Altarawneh1, G Andrews1, GS. Ganesan1, K John1, S Khan1, H Ladumor1, D Zakaria, K-C Chen
Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar
Poster ID: 448
Background: DNA barcoding techniques have made it possible to authenticate various species used for food and medicinal purposes. In the identification of seafood species, studies are concentrated in North America, Europe and Asia Pacific. Elsewhere, including countries in the Middle East and North Africa, studies of this sort are scarce. For a growing country such as Qatar that relies on imports for the majority of its food supplies, the increasing seafood demand calls for its authentication in particular for it being an superior alternative to red meats favored traditionally by its population known to show high rates of cardiovascular diseases. Results: This student-centered research focuses on fish fillet available at ten major supermarket chains in Doha, Qatar. A cocktail of eight primers attached with M13 tails established for fish species identification was adopted to facilitate PCR and sequencing. Sequences were compared with those available in GenBank and Barcode of Life Databases (BOLD). Among the 50 unique fish fillet packages analyzed, only two are determined to be mislabeled, a rate of 4%. Significance: This study is the first of its kind conducted in countries in the Arabian Gulf countries and one of a handful of known studies of seafood authentication in the Middle East and Northern Africa. The relatively low rate of mislabeling in the samples perhaps is due to strict local food safety regulations, which may have indirectly led to high consistency between the package labels and their contents.
1. Hebert, P. D., Cwyinska, A., Ball, S. L., & DeWaard, J. R. (2003). Biological Identifications through DNA Barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270(512), 313-321. Doi: 10. 1098/rspb.2022.2218.
2. Di Pinto, A., Mottola, A., Marchetti, P., Bottaro, M., Terio, V., Bozzo, G., Tantillo, G. (2015). Packaged frozen fishery products: Species identification, mislabeling occurrence and legislative implications. Food Chemistry, 194, 279–283. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.135.
3. Ivanova, N., Zemlak, T., Hanner, R., & Hebert, P. (2007). Universal primer cocktails for fish DNA barcoding. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7(4), 544-548.http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01748.x
4. Ratnasingham, S., & Hebert, P.D. (2007). BARCODING: BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System http://www.barcodinglife.org). Molecular Ecology Notes, 7(3), 355-364. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x
Market substitution of processed food, herbal medicine and fresh and frozen seafood have raised international awareness. Among the seafood substitution studies, most of them have been concentrated in North American, European, and Pacific Asian countries while less so in other regions. Using molecular and bioinformatics tools1,2 this study focuses on fresh and frozen fish fillet sold in the large supermarket chains in Qatar (Figure 1) to maintain consumer confidence in seafood for it being a healthier protein choice for nationals who are known to show high rate of obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
MethodsIntroduc.on
FIGURE 2: Partial M13 viral sequences were covalently bonded to primer cocktail sequences in PCR. Sequencing reactions were streamlined by the use of only M13 forward and reverse sequences as primers.
Results
This research was made possible by a UREP award [UREP19-003-4-001] from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of the The Qatar Foundation) and Supplemental Summer Research Fund by Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.
FIGURE1. Although Qatar (in dotted circle) is surrounded by sea on three sides, traditionally lamb and beef have been the preferred protein sources by the nationals. (Source: Google Maps.)
Samples of frozen and refrigerated fish were collected from various food retailers in Qatar. DNA was extracted using Qiagen DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit from 25 mg of muscle tissues with a cocktail of primers attached with M13 tails for PCR3. M13 tails were subsequently used as primers for bidirectional sequencing to produce 652-bp partial CO1 gene sequences as species marker3. Sequence similarity searches were conducted on Barcode of Life Database4 and BLAST (National Center for Biotechnological Information).
Name on label (scientific name)! Common name (CO1 ID)! % BLAST match!WhiteSnapperFillet(Macolorniger) Paintedsweetlips(Diagrammapictum) 100
Pangasiushypophthalmus Rohu(Labeorohita) 100
DiscussionInconsistencies between the package labels and content in
seafood are common. Hundreds of studies have been published and in some the mislabeling may be 100%5. As a contrast, the current study shows two out of 50 samples, constituting 4% of confirmed mismatch, a relatively low percentage compared to other studies. This may be attributed to unintended benefit of strict food and health safety regulations in the State of Qatar6.
5. Warner, K., Mustain, P., Lowell, B., Geren, S., & Talmage, S. (2016). Deceptive Dishes: Seafood Swaps Found Worldwide (Rep.). Oceana.org.
6. SCH continues to strengthen food safety [Internet]; c2015 [cited 2017 November 10.]. https://www.moph.gov.qa/news/sch-continues-to-strengthen-food-safety
7. Jacquet, Jennifer L., and Daniel Pauly. "Trade Secrets: Renaming and Mislabeling of Seafood." Marine Policy 32.3 (2008): 309-18. Web.
1These authors contributed equally to this research.
Although strict regulations for food safety may indirectly deter market substitution of authentic food product, there is a need for regulatory mechanism to routinely inspect packaged seafood using molecular tool such as DNA barcoding techniques7. This may ensure seafood industry, processors and importers to adhere to food safety laws, minimize exploitation of endangered aquatic species and prevent intentional or unintentional market substitution.
~~~~~
~~~~~
TABLE 1. List of inconsistent labels. Two out of 50 analyzed samples were confirmed to be mislabeled, a rate of 4%.
References!
Partial CO1 gene !
Primer with M13 tail-F !
Primer with M13 tail-R!PCR!
Sequencing with M13 F and R primers!
