Los Elementos y Moléculas de la Vida Losada, Vargas, Florencio y De la Rosa (1998-9)
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Transcript of Los Elementos y Moléculas de la Vida Losada, Vargas, Florencio y De la Rosa (1998-9)
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MO
NO
NU
CL
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TID
OS
Base
Pentosa
F osfato
P irim íd ica
Pú rica
Tim ina(U rac ilo )
C itos ina
Adenina
G uaninaG
A
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UT
D esoxirribosa
R ibosa
Los Elementos y Moléculas de la VidaLosada, Vargas, Florencio y De la Rosa (1998-9)Editorial Rueda, Madrid
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James Watson (L) and Francis Crick (R), and the model they built of the structure of DNA in 1953
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ÁCIDO DESOXIRRIBONUCLEICO
..\..\PcMolecule Lite (Demo)\Mols\DNA.mcm
..\..\PcMolecule Lite (Demo)\Mols\DNA.mcm
..\..\..\Mis documentos\webdpto\biomoleculas\biomodel\model1\INICIO.HTM
Los Elementos y Moléculas de la VidaLosada, Vargas, Florencio y De la Rosa (1998-9)Editorial Rueda, Madrid
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BIO SÍN TESIS D E ÁC ID O S NU CLEIC O S Y PRO TEÍN AS
D NA D NA
m R NA
Prote ína
t
R ep licación
Transcripción
Traducción 30 R N A
20 am inoácidos
ribosom as
4 nucleótidos4 nucleótidos
Los Elementos y Moléculas de la VidaLosada, Vargas, Florencio y De la Rosa (1998-9)Editorial Rueda, Madrid
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International Human Genome Sequencing ConsortiumNature 409, 860 - 921 (2001)
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International Human Genome Sequencing ConsortiumNature 409, 860 - 921 (2001)
The automated production line for sample preparation at the Whitehead Institute, Center for Genome Research
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International Human Genome Sequencing ConsortiumNature 409, 860 - 921 (2001)
Conserved segments in the human and mouse genome
Human chromosomes, with segments containing at least two genes whose order is conserved in the mouse genome as colour blocks. Each colour corresponds to a particular mouse chromosome.
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Distribution of the molecular functions of 26,383 human genes
The sequence of Human GenomeVenter et al. (2001) Science 291, 1304-1351
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International Human Genome Sequencing ConsortiumNature 409, 860 - 921 (2001)
Conservation of architectures between animal species
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The Helicobacter pylori chromosome
Each color represents a different functional group of genes
Tomb et al. (1997) Nature 388, 539
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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The first tree genome (Populus) will be sequenced by 2003
News in Nature (2002) 415, 724 - 725
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8.2 Example mutants in Drosophila
Figure 8-8
Mutations may cause only subtle changes or may produce significant changes in development, cellular function, appearance and/or behavior
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Genes y Proteínas
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InteraccionesÁc. nucleicos - Proteínas
Fuertes (t = s, min) Nucleosoma (DNA)
Ribosoma (RNA)
Débiles (t = s, ms)Polimerasas
..\..\..\Mis documentos\webdpto\biomoleculas\biomodel\model1\INICIO.HTM
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9.5 Nucleosomes are complexes of histones
Figure 9-30
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9.5 The solenoid model of condensed chromatin
Figure 9-31
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9.6 A model for chromatin packing in metaphase chromosomes
Figure 9-35
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9.6 Chromosome number, size and shape at metaphase are species
specific
Figure 9-33
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10.5 Transcriptional activators are modular proteins composed of distinct functional
domains
Figure 10-39
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DNA-binding domains can be classified into numerous structural types
Homeodomain proteins
Zinc-finger proteins
Winged-helix (forkhead) proteins
Leucine-zipper proteins
Helix-loop-helix proteins
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Interaction between a zinc-finger protein and DNA
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Interaction of a homodimeric leucine-zipper protein and DNA
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Interaction of a helix-loop-helix in a homodimeric protein and DNA
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A new family of plant transcription factorsdisplays a novel ssDNA-binding surface
Desveaux et al. (2002) Nature Struct Biol 9, 512
Whirligig tetrameric structure of p24 The p24 protomer
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A new family of plant transcription factorsdisplays a novel ssDNA-binding surface
Desveaux et al. (2002) Nature Struct Biol 9, 512
Putative ssDNA-binding residues of a p24 protomer, corresponding to the subunit shown in the lower left hand corner of the left picture
Binding of p24 to melted dsDNA
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D.J. Patel (2002) Nature 417, 807
Basics of the quadruplex topology of human telomeric repeat sequences
Telomeres are protein–DNA structures protecting the ends of chromosomes
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G.N. Parkinson et al. (2002) Nature 417, 876
Structure of the quadruplex formed by the four-repeat TTAGGG human telomere DNA sequence.
The central potassium counter ion is coordinated in a bipyramidyl antiprismatic arrangement by the electronegative carbonyl groups of guanine O6
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D.J. Patel (2002) Nature 417, 807
a) The K+-stabilized crystal structure b) The Na+-stabilized solution structure
The folding and appearance of the telomeric DNA sequence is fundamentally different in K+- and Na+-containing quadruplex structures
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Clinical implications.
The enzyme telomerase is highly expressed only in tumour cells, enabling them to carry on replicating their chromosomes almost indefinitely. (In non-tumour cells, by contrast, telomerase is not expressed and telomeres gradually erode to the point at which cells cannot duplicate their DNA safely, and so no longer divide.) So telomerase is a promising drug target. It binds to single-stranded telomere ends, and could potentially be inhibited by drugs that compete for these ends (in their quadruplex form).
D.J. Patel (2002) Nature 417, 807
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N
N
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A d e n o s í n - 5 ' - f o s f a t o
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( r id i l a t o )U
( d e n i l a t o )A
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E STR U C T U R A Q U ÍM IC A D E L D N A
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T U ( ) = = = A
C = = = G= = =
A P A R E A M I E N T O D E B A S E S
N N
N
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O
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H
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N
N
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i m in a ( ) T T r a c i l o ( )U U
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T
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2 n m
R E P L I C A C I Ó N D E L D N A
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Tam año de los genom as de d istin tos organ ism os
O rganism o
Virus ~ ~
~
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~
~
~
~
10 10
1
1
1
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m m
cm
dm
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1000
10000
100000
1000000
100 100 ma a
Bacterias
Eucariotas
Levadura
D rosophila
H om bre
Pares de bases(en kb)
Long itud