London Icons Final

8/10/2019 London Icons Final

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Content

Fore"ord #########################$$%

&o"erBridge ########################$4

&'e (ondon )*e #######################+

Covent Garden #######################$$

Big Ben ##########################$11

-iccadill* Circus ######################$$$1.

/estminster A00e*######################1%

-arliament o t'e United 2ingdom o Great Britain and Ireland####$$14

Bi0liograp'* ####$####################$1+

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London Icons Foreword

From Big Ben to t'e red telep'one 0o!, ind out "'ic' (ondon icons real (ondoners preer and

"'*$

(ondon is 'ome to some o t'e most amous and iconic attractions in t'e "orld 3 rom Big Ben

and t'e red telep'one 0o!, to 0lac ca0s and &ate 5odern$ /it' so man* sig'ts to c'oose rom,

"e ased real (ondoners to name t'eir avourite (ondon landmars, and tell us "'* t'e* t'in

t'e*6re so special#

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until 1884 t'at a design su0mitted 0* Sir orace @ones,t'e Cit* Arc'itect 7"'o "as also one o

t'e


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August .14, t'e)DF )nerg*(ondon )*e and is no" called t'e (ondon )*e$ From late @anuar*

.1, t'e (ondon )*e "ill 0e sponsored 0* Coca>Cola$%

&'e entire structure is 1% metres 744% t9 tall and t'e "'eel 'as a diameter o 1. metres

7%4 t9$ /'en erected in 1 it "as t'e"orld6s tallest Ferris "'eel$ Its 'eig't "as surpassed 0*

t'e 1+ m 7. t9Star o Hanc'angin .+, t'e 1+ m 741 t9Singapore Fl*erin .8, and t'e

1+:$+ m 7 t9 ig' Roller7(as egas9 in .14$ Supported 0* an A>rameon one side onl*,

unlie t'e taller Hanc'ang and Singapore "'eels, t'e )*e is descri0ed 0* its operators as t'e

"orld6s tallestcantileveredo0servation "'eel$

It is currentl* )urope6s tallest Ferris "'eel, and oered t'e 'ig'est pu0lic vie"ing point in

(ondon until it "as superseded 0* t'e .4>metre 784 t9 o0servation decon t'e :.nd loor

o &'e S'ard, "'ic' opened to t'e pu0lic on 1 Fe0ruar* .1%$ It is t'e most popular paidtourist

attraction in t'e United 2ingdom"it' over %$ million visitors annuall*, and 'as made

man* appearances in popular culture$

&'e (ondon )*e ad


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Hat'aniel (ic'ield and -artnersassisted &'e &ussauds Groupin o0taining planning and listed

0uilding consent to alter t'e "all on t'eSout' Bano t'e &'ames$ &'e* also e!amined and

reported on t'e implications o aSection 1+ agreementattac'ed to t'e original contract$ (ater,

t'e* also prepared planning and listed 0uilding consent applications or t'e permanent retention

o t'e attraction, "'ic' involved t'e co>ordination o an )nvironmental Statement and t'e

production o a planning supporting statement detailing t'e reasons or its retention$

&'e rim o t'e )*e is supported 0* tensioned steel ca0les and resem0les a 'uge spoed 0ic*cle

"'eel$ &'e lig'ting "as redone "it'()D lig'ting romColor 2ineticsin Decem0er .+ to

allo" digital control o t'e lig'ts as opposed to t'e manual replacement o gels over luorescent

tu0es$

&'e "'eel "as constructed in sections "'ic' "ere loated up t'e &'ames on 0arges and

assem0led l*ing lat on piled platorms in t'e river$ =nce t'e "'eel "as complete it "as lited

into an uprig't position 0* a strand conditionedovoidalpassenger capsules, designed and supplied

0* -oma, are attac'ed to t'e e!ternal circumerence o t'e "'eel and rotated 0* electric motors$

)ac' o t'e 1>tonne 711>s'ort>ton9 capsules represents one o t'e (ondon Boroug's, and 'olds

up to . people, "'o are ree to "al around inside t'e capsule, t'oug' seating is provided$ &'e

"'eel rotates at .+ cm 71 in9 per second 7a0out $ mJ' or $+ mp'9 so t'at one revolution

taes a0out % minutes$ It does not usuall* stop to tae on passengersK t'e rotation rate is slo"

enoug' to allo" passengers to "al on and o t'e moving capsules at ground level$ It is,

'o"ever, stopped to allo" disa0led or elderl* passengers time to em0ar and disem0ar sael*$

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Lichfield_and_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tussauds_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_106_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_106_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Kineticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Kineticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_jackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerpachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerpachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Boroughshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Lichfield_and_Partnershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tussauds_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_106_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_Kineticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_jackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerpachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Boroughs


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Covent Garden

Covent Garden is a district in (ondon on t'e eastern ringes o t'e /est )nd, 0et"een St$

5artin6s (aneand Drur* (ane$ It is associated "it' t'e ormer ruit and vegeta0le maret in t'e

central s?uare, no" a popular s'opping and tourist site, and t'e Ro*al =pera ouse, "'ic' is

also no"n as Covent Garden$ &'e district is divided 0* t'e main t'oroug'are o(ong Acre,

nort' o "'ic' is given over to independent s'ops centred onHeal6s Lardand Seven Dials, "'ile

t'e sout' contains t'e central s?uare "it' its street perormers and most o t'e elegant 0uildings,

t'eatres and entertainment acilities, including t'e&'eatre Ro*al, Drur* (ane,and t'e (ondon

&ransport 5useum$

&'oug' mainl* ields until t'e 1+t' centur*, t'e area "as 0riel* settled "'en it 0ecame t'e 'eart

o t'e Anglo>Sa!on trading to"n o (unden"ic Ater t'e to"n "as a0andoned, part o t'e area

"as "alled o 0* 1. or use as ara0le landand orc'ards 0* /estminster A00e*, and "as

reerred to as t'e garden o t'e A00e* and Convent$ &'e land, no" called t'e Covent

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_End_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Martin's_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Martin's_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drury_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drury_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Opera_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Acrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Acrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal's_Yardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Dialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Transport_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Transport_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Transport_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lundenwichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lundenwichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_End_of_Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Martin's_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Martin's_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drury_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Opera_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Acrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal's_Yardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Dialshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_Royal,_Drury_Lanehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Transport_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Transport_Museumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lundenwichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_landhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey


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Garden, "as seized 0* enr* III, and granted to t'e )arls o Bedordin 1.$ &'e4t'

)arlcommissioned Inigo @onesto 0uild some ine 'ouses to attract "ealt'* tenants$ @ones

designed t'e Italianatearcaded s?uare along "it' t'e c'urc' o St -aul6s$ &'e design o t'e

s?uare "as ne" to (ondon, and 'ad a signiicant inluence on modern to"n planning, acting as

t'e protot*pe or t'e la*ing>out o ne" estates as (ondon gre"$ 4A small open>air ruit and

vegeta0le maret 'ad developed on t'e sout' side o t'e as'iona0le s?uare 0* 1+4$

Graduall*, 0ot' t'e maret and t'e surrounding area ell into disrepute, as taverns, t'eatres,

coee>'ouses and 0rot'els opened upK t'e gentr* moved a"a*, and raes, "its and pla*"rig'ts

moved in$ B* t'e 18t' centur* it 'ad 0ecome a "ell>no"nred>lig't district,attracting nota0le

prostitutes$ An Act o -arliament "as dra"n up to control t'e area, andC'arles Fo"ler6s neo>

classical 0uilding "as erected in 18% to cover and 'elp organise t'e maret$ &'e area declined

as apleasure>groundas t'e maret gre" and urt'er 0uildings "ere added t'e Floral all,C'arter 5aret, and in 14 t'e @u0ilee 5aret$ B* t'e end o t'e 1+s traic congestion "as

causing pro0lems, and in 1:4 t'e maret relocated to t'eHe" Covent Garden 5areta0out

t'ree miles 7 m9 sout'>"est atHine )lms$ &'e central 0uilding re>opened as a s'opping centre

in 18, and is no" a tourist location containing caes, pu0s, small s'ops, and a crat maret

called t'e Apple 5aret, along "it' anot'er maret 'eld in t'e @u0ilee all$

Covent Garden, "it' t'e postcode/C., alls "it'in t'e (ondon 0oroug's

o /estminsterand Camden, and t'e parliamentar* constituencies o Cities o (ondon and

/estminsterand ol0orn and St -ancras$ &'e area 'as 0een served 0* t'e -iccadill*

lineat Covent Garden tu0e stationsince 1:K t'e


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Big Benis t'e nicname or t'e Great Bello t'e clocat t'e nort' end o t'e -alace o

/estminsterin (ondon, and oten e!tended to reer to t'e cloc and t'e cloc to"er$ &'e

to"er is oiciall* no"n as t'e Elizabeth Tower, renamed as suc' to cele0rate t'eDiamond

@u0ilee o )liza0et' II7prior to 0eing renamed in .1. it "as no"n as simpl* Cloc Tower9$

&'e to"er 'olds t'e largest our>acedc'imingcloc in t'e "orld and is t'e t'ird>tallestree>

standingcloc to"er$ &'e to"er "as completed in 188 and 'ad its 1t' anniversar* on %1 5a*

., during "'ic' cele0rator* events too place &'e to"er 'as 0ecome one o t'e most

prominent s*m0ols o t'e United 2ingdom and is oten in t'e esta0lis'ing s'oto ilms set in

(ondon$

5 Fowler, 5. 6.%740/. The Concise Oxford dictionary of current English. Fir$t edited y 5. 6.

Fowler and F. +. Fowler #ixth edition ed./.)larendon Pre$$. p. 7.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_(instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishing_shothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Watson_Fowlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_(instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_towerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Watson_Fowlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarendon_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chime_(bell_instrument)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tallest_freestanding_structures_in_the_worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Establishing_shot


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!iccadilly Circus

!iccadilly Circusis a road


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&'e a00e* is aRo*al -eculiarand 0et"een 14 and 1+ 'ad t'e status o a cat'edralK t'e

0uilding is no longer an a00e*nor cat'edral 'o"ever, 'aving instead t'e status since 1+ o a

Ro*al -eculiar 3 a c'urc' responsi0le directl* to t'e Sovereign$

According to a tradition irst reported 0* Sulcardin a0out 18, a c'urc' "as ounded at t'e site

7t'en no"n as &'orn )* 7&'orn Island99 in t'e :t' centur*, at t'e time o 5ellitus7d$ +.49, a

Bis'op o (ondon$ Construction o t'e present c'urc' 0egan in 1.4, on t'e orders o enr* III$+

Since 1++, "'enarold God"insonand /illiam t'e Con?ueror"ere cro"ned, t'e coronations

o )nglis' and Britis' monarc's 'ave 0een 'eld 'ere$ Since 11, t'ere 'ave 0een at least 1+

ro*al "eddings at t'e a00e*$ &"o "ere o reigning monarc's 7enr* IandRic'ard II9, alt'oug'

0eore 11 t'ere 'ad 0een none or some *ears$

!arliament o# the $nited %ingdom o# Great Britain and Ireland

6 5i$tory 8 6e$tmin$ter Aey. Retrie*ed (7 April (&%%

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Peculiarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Peculiarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorney_Island_(London)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Godwinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Godwinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conquerorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_Englandhttp://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Peculiarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorney_Island_(London)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellitushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_Englandhttp://www.westminster-abbey.org/our-historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Godwinsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conquerorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_I_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England


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&'e United 2ingdom o Great Britain and Ireland"as created in 181 0* t'e merger o t'e

2ingdoms o Great Britainand Irelandunder t'eActs o Union$&'e principle o ministerial responsi0ilit* to t'e lo"er ouse did not develop until t'e 1t'

centur*Mt'e ouse o (ords "as superior to t'e ouse o Commons 0ot' in t'eor* and in

practice$ 5em0ers o t'e ouse o Commons "ere elected in an anti?uatedelectoral s*stem,

under "'ic' constituencieso vastl* dierent sizes e!isted$ &'us, t'e 0oroug' o=ld Sarum,

"it' seven voters, could elect t"o mem0ers, as could t'e 0oroug' o Dun"ic',"'ic' 'ad almost

completel* disappeared into t'e sea due to land erosion$

In man* cases, mem0ers o t'e Upper ouse also controlled tin* constituencies, no"n as

pocet or rotten 0oroug's,and could ensure t'e election o t'eir relatives or supporters$ 5an*

seats in t'e ouse o Commons "ere o"ned 0* t'e (ords$ Ater t'e reorms o t'e 1t'

centur*, 0eginning "it' t'e Reorm Act 18%., t'e electoral s*stem in t'e lo"er ouse "as muc'

more regularised$ Ho longer dependent on t'e upper ouse or t'eir seats, mem0ers o t'e ouse

o Commons 0egan to gro" more assertive$&'e supremac* o t'e Britis' ouse o Commons "as esta0lis'ed in t'e earl* .t' centur*$ In

1, t'e Commons passed t'e so>called -eople6s Budget, "'ic' made numerous c'anges to

t'e ta!ation s*stem in a manner detrimental to "ealt'* lando"ners$ &'e ouse o (ords, "'ic'

consisted mostl* o po"erul lando"ners, re


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retained t'e unrestricted po"er to 0e a0le to 0loc and veto an* 0ill outrig't "'ic' attempts to

e!tend t'e lie o a parliament$In conclusion come and visit (ondon or t'e 0est e!perience o *our lie$

Bibliogra&hy

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London Icons Final

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