Lola Lurch Kaplan Universit y August 4, 2015. Vitamin B 12 benefits and deficiencies will be...
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Transcript of Lola Lurch Kaplan Universit y August 4, 2015. Vitamin B 12 benefits and deficiencies will be...
BEWARE OF B12
FUNCTIONS AND DEFICIENCIES
Lola Lurch
Kaplan UniversityAugust 4, 2015
OBJECTIVES
Vitamin B12 benefits and deficiencies will be explored.
Define Vitamin B12
Discuss the functions of Vitamin B12
Discuss the causes of Vitamin B12 deficiencies
Identify the at risk populations for B12 deficiencies
Discuss the Recommended Dietary Allowance of B12
Identify the best natural sources of B12
Determine the dosage and Safety of B12 supplements
WHAT IS VITAMIN B12?
Vitamin B12 is one of 13 essential vitamins that is needed for the body to function. Properties of B12,
also known as Cyanocobalamin, include:
Water Soluble (dissolves in water)
Only produced microorganisms (etc. bacteria)
Body can store in the liver
Found naturally in animal foods
Animals and plants cannot produce
Synthetically added to plant foods (fortified)
VITAMIN B12 FUNCTIONS
Vitamin B12 is necessary for certain body function.
Development red blood cells
Maintenance of the Central Nervous System
Preserves DNA integrity
Essential roll in folate metabolism
Aids in production of neurotransmitters
SYMPTOMS OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCIES
Deficiencies in Vitamin B12 are evidence by certain biological and psychological conditions.
Muscle weakness
Spasticity (stiff or rigid muscles)
Hypotension (low blood pressure)
Mood disturbances
Megaloblastic anemia (larger than normal red blood cells)
Vison problems
Dementia
AT RISK POPULATIONS
Some people are more susceptible to Vitamin B12 deficiencies than others:
Older Adults
Vegans
Those infected with HIV
Those who had gastrointestinal surgery
People who have Celiac disease
People who have Crohn’s disease
HOW MUCH VITAMIN B12 DO YOU NEED?
Life Stage AgeMales
(mcg/day)Females
(mcg/day)
Infants 0-6 months 0.4 (AI) 0.4 (AI)
Infants 7-12 months 0.5 (AI) 0.5 (AI)
Children 1-3 years 0.9 0.9
Children 4-8 years 1.2 1.2
Children 9-13 years 1.8 1.8
Adolescents 14-18 years 2.4 2.4
Adults 19-50 years 2.4 2.4
Adults 51 years and
older 2.4* 2.4*
Pregnancy all ages - 2.6
Breast-feeding all ages - 2.8
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Vitamin B12
SOME FOOD SOURCES OF VITAMIN B12
Food Serving Vitamin B12 (mcg)
Clams (steamed) 3 ounces 84.1
Mussels (steamed) 3 ounces 20.4
Mackerel (Atlantic, cooked, dry-heat)
3 ounces* 16.1
Crab (Alaska king, steamed)
3 ounces 9.8
Beef (lean, plate steak, cooked, grilled)
3 ounces 6.9
Salmon (chinook, cooked, dry-heat)
3 ounces 2.4
SOME FOOD SOURCES OF VITAMIN B12..CONTINUED
Food Serving Vitamin B12 (mcg)
Milk (skim) 8 ounces 0.9
Turkey (cooked, roasted)
3 ounces 0.8
Brie (cheese) 1 ounce 0.5
Egg (poached) 1 large 0.4
Chicken (light meat, cooked, roasted)
3 ounces 0.3
VITAMIN B12 DOSAGE, SAFETY, SIDE EFFECTS
Older adults and vegans may need Vitamin B12 supplements.Caution should be exercised when taking Vitamin B12
supplements if the following conditions exist:
Skin disorders (rash, itching, redness) Genitourinary concerns (urine discoloration) Gastrointestinal disorders Cancer Hypertension (high blood pressure) Pregnant or breastfeeding Drug interactions (with pharmaceutical and alcohol) Gout Heart concerns Blood disorders
SUMMARY
Vitamin B12 is essential to biological and psychological body function.
Animals and plants cannot produce Vitamin B12.
Only single-cell microorganisms (etc. bacteria) can produce Vitamin B12.
The best natural source of Vitamin B12 is animal products.. The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the US Institute of Medicine has posted the recommended dietary allowance for Vitamin B12 for each age population.
Certain populations are at increased risk for Vitamin B12 deficiencies (older adults, vegans, HIV infected, and certain gastrointestinal disorders).
Consult a qualified healthcare professional before taking vitamin supplements.
REFERENCES
Mayo Clinic. (2013). Evidence based. Retrieved from
http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/vitamin-b12/
evidence/hrb-20060243
Medline Plus. (2015). Vitamin B12. Retrieved from
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002403.htm#top
Oregon State University. (2015). Micronutrient information center: Vitamin B12.
Retrieved from http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/vitamin-B12
Weil, A. (2012). Facts about vitamin B12. Retrieved from
http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/ART02810/facts-about-vitamin-
b?_ga=1.48364710.1241562207.1437006689