L.O: To know how steel is made and how it can be used

Can you balance these reduction equations? _CO(g) + _Fe2O3(s) _Fe(s) + _CO2(g)

_CuO(s) + _C(s) _Cu(s) + _CO2(g)

_CO(g) + _Pb2O3(s) _Pb(s) + _CO2(g)

_ZnO(s) + _C(s) _Zn(s) + _CO2(g)

_SnO2(s) + _C(s) _Sn(s) + _CO2(g)

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Using Iron

Iron produced by the blast furnace (“cast iron”) contains about 96% iron and 4% impurities. These impurities make it very brittle and easy to break.

Ironbridge, Shropshire – made out of cast iron and safe for horses and carts but not modern vehicles.

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Using IronIn pure iron all impurities are removed. This makes the iron soft:

Adding 1% impurities (e.g. Carbon) makes the iron much stronger:

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Making steel

Amount of carbon added (%)

0.5% 1%

Strong

Weak

1.5%

Strength

Hardness

Steel with a low carbon content is easily shaped

Steel with a high carbon content is strong but brittle

Steel with chromium(20%) and nickel (10%) is called stainless steel