Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass...

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Livestock production and meat quality – SW region Dave Pethick B. Agric. Sci (Adel); PhD (Cantab) FASAP, FAIA, FNSA, FA de la V, CPAg, RAnNutr Animal & Veterinary Science

Transcript of Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass...

Page 1: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Livestock production and meat quality – SW region

Dave PethickB. Agric. Sci (Adel); PhD (Cantab)

FASAP, FAIA, FNSA, FA de la V, CPAg, RAnNutr

Animal & Veterinary Science

Page 2: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Sth West – where are we !

Cropping + wetterdeep south

Page 3: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Sth West – where are we !

Wetter deep south

Page 4: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Cattle - More in the ‘deep’ south

Page 5: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Lamb = more in cropping zone

Page 6: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Sth West – where are we !

I have assumed both – but a beef emphasis

Page 7: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

What are the key aspects of consumer focused meat brands ?

Page 8: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

5 pillars of demand

Page 9: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

Traceability

Biosecurity

Food safety

5 pillars of demand

Page 10: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Eating Quality

MSA

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

5 pillars of demand

Page 11: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Lamb is healthy

Fe, Zn

Omega 3’s

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

5 pillars of demand

Page 12: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Animal Welfare

Environment

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

5 pillars of demand

Page 13: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Traditional production

research (kg or $/ha)

as we must be efficient

to compete

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

5 pillars of demand

Page 14: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Sth West score card for first 3

Page 15: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

Traceability

Biosecurity

Food safety

5 pillars of demand

Page 16: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

• WA has an excellent reputation

• Beef – of course national electronic tagging system

- There is excellent individual carcase feedback with MSA

• Sheep/Lamb – still use traditional ‘coloured’ tags

- Vic heading down electronic tags for goats and sheep

- Biosecurity reasons

- Considerable debate

• Lamb abattoirs and hook tracking

- Investment in a number of abattoirs in the ‘East’

- Allows more accurate carcase feedback (genetics)

- Tracking from hot to cold and maybe even boning room

Traceability & integrity

Page 17: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

• WA has generally an excellent reputation

• Beef – of course national electronic tagging system

• Sheep/Lamb – still use traditional tags

- Vic heading down electronic tags in goats and sheep

- Biosecurity reasons

- Considerable debate

• Abattoirs and hook tracking

- Investment in a number of abattoirs in the ‘East’

- Allows more accurate carcase feedback (genetics)

- Tracking from hot to cold and maybe even boning room

• No investment in WA beyond surveillance & border control

Traceability & integrity

Page 18: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

• The Hook tracking $ case in lamb is still unfolding

• It is crucial is some cases even for lot based carcase feedback

• Of course crucial for individual animal feedback

• Also vastly improved carcase sorting within abattoir

• A key big data initiative for genetic improvement

• Will WA miss out ? Maybe YES ….

• One big Eastern states collaborating processor has

- 2,500 farm assured beef

- 1,100 farm assured lamb

Traceability & integrity & ethical

Page 19: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Eating Quality

MSA

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

5 pillars of demand

Page 20: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

WA value chain has played a key role in the development of Meat Standards Australia

Page 21: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Consumer taste tests

• The MSA program is based

on over 140,000 consumers

of beef and lamb

• 8 cooking methods tested

• Consumer testing has been

carried out in 8 countries

Page 22: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Untrained Consumer taste tests

Tenderness

Juiciness

Flavour

Overall Liking

0

0

0

0

100

100

100

100

Unsatisfactory Good Better PremiumEveryday than

Everyday

MSA 3 MSA 4 MSA 5

Page 23: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

one of 4The final grade

0

Good

Everyday

Unsatisfactory

Better than

Everyday

Premium

100766446

Page 24: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

What does this mean ?

• So its about value and fit for purpose

• It’s a continuous grading system

• Good / Better/ Best

• Pass / Credit / Distinction

Page 25: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Fail Pass(3*)

Credit(4*)

Distinction

(5*)

USA 46% 100% 150% 209%

China 57% 100% 147% 212%

AUS 53% 100% 141% 189%

Willingness to pay - ChinaO’Reilly, Pannier et al 2016

Grilled lamb

Page 26: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Does MSA differentiate WA Beef ?

Yes if used to its fullest extent

Page 27: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Currently

• Carcase is MSA graded (pH, colour, ossification, fat depth, marbling …)

• Allocated to a ‘boning run’

• ‘Boning runs’ classify carcasses with selected cuts of ‘like’ eating quality

• Brands will select boning runs based on getting MSA accreditation for selected cuts

Page 28: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Typical WA cut-off

Premium division

Some others cut-off

5 Tenderloins

4 Cube rolls

4 Striploins

4 Oyster Blade

4 Rump Roast

Plus others of $ value

Premium

Grade

Page 29: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Currently

• Elite brands will segregate 4* and 3*- ’Platinum’ – might be 4* strips, cubes, rump roast, …..

- ’Gold’ – might be at least 3 star

• More generic brands will have lower cuts but still be MSA- Lower quality cattle

- More just prefer an MSA in/out system

• As far as I know only 1 WA brand could be classified as ‘Platinum’

Page 30: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Data from WA abattoirs

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

% o

f C

arca

sse

s

31,496 carcasses

Page 31: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

% o

f C

arca

sse

s

No HGPs

31,496 carcasses

Minus HGP’s

Page 32: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Southern Beef - 3 main factors:

• Reduce incidence of HGP use (growth genetics)

• Ossification – grow them faster, kill younger – we

have to !! (growth genetics and better feeding)

• Enough Marbling – genetics & feeding

• [Change to tender stretch hanging from AT]

Page 33: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

You need a moderate marble score

Page 34: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

About 4-6% IMF

Page 35: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Same 3* Claim on the box

Page 36: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Current WA cut-off

Premium division

Some others cut-off

5 Tenderloins

4 Cube rolls

4 Strip loins

4 Oyster Blade

4 Rump Roast

Plus others of $ value

Premium

Grade

Page 37: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Just 3* Good 3*

Just 4*V. Good 4*

Page 38: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

True value of the carcase

Carcase value

($) =Wt retail cuts (kg) x Value of the cuts

($/kg)

Page 39: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Next is carcase yield

Page 40: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Dual Energy ImagesLow Energy Image High Energy Image

R value = ln(I/I0)LowEnergy/ln(I/I0)HighEnergy

Page 41: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

X-Ray also driving robotsScott Technology

Page 42: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

15

20

25

30

35

40

15 20 25 30 35 40

Act

ual

Fat

%

Predicted Fat %

R2=0.88, RMSE=1.54

Predicting CT Fat% in lamb

Page 43: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

True value based trading

• Our collaborators are in the eastern states

• Will we miss out on new trends in value based trading – probably YES ….

Page 44: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Red meat is healthy

Fe, Zn

Omega 3’s

Nutritional

value

Enjoyment &

Convenience

Ethical

systems

Integrity &

Traceability

Value &

efficiency

5 pillars of demand

Page 45: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Nutritional Value (human perspective)

Main aspect is fatty acid profile‘grass better than grain’

• Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat profile than grain

• This makes it hard in WA

• However it can and is being done

• There are certainly premiums

• MSA is a great system for underpinning grass fed product

Page 46: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

The Information Nucleus(500 sires, 10,000 slaughter lambs)

DORPER

Page 47: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

• Lamb often criticised for its fatty acid profile

• Saturated fat – IMF = 4.2% and 40% is saturated

• = 1.7g/100gm

• Low in saturated fat claim = 1.5g/100g

• BUT still a trivial source of saturated fat

(FSA&NZ)

Average Lamb Nutritional Value

Fatty acid profile of lean – SATURATED FAT

Page 48: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Average Lamb Nutritional Value

Fatty acid profile of lean – OMEGA 3

Fatty acid Mean of 2,001 lambs

(mg/100gm)

n-3 linolenic 37

n-3 EPA+DHA 24 ✔

n-3 EPA+DHA+DPA 44

81

n-6 linoleic 130✔

n-6 arachidonic 42

172

n-6:n-3 2.1✔

Source EPA/DHA @ 135gm serve = 22mg/100gm

Ollis, Meyer, Howe 1999 – n-6:n-3 = 8:1

Page 49: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

Fatty acid Dry pasture

kill groups

Growing

pasture kill

groups

n-3 EPA+DHA 15 37

n-3

EPA+DHA+DPA

25 65

n-6:n-3 5.9 1.0

Highest/lowest kill groups for the 7 sites

Source EPA/DHA @ 135gm serve = 22mg/100gm

Ollis, Meyer, Howe 1999 – n-6:n-3 = 8:1

Extremes in Lamb Nutritional Value

Fatty acid profile of lean – OMEGA 3

Page 50: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

• Omega 3 human nutrition is important over months

in fact years

• The average value for lamb is ‘great’

• So the difference between eating average and

always maximal (grass fed) is marginal

• Sorry no such info on beef !

Average Lamb Nutritional Value

What do human nutrition experts say ? – OMEGA 3

Page 51: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

In conclusion

• South West produces high quality beef

- Young (we have to push’em through)

- Enough marble – genetics & growth

- No hormones - genetics for muscle & growth

• Does the value chain extract the maximum potential ? Maybe NO …..

• Feedback and data across the value chain is the way of the future – are we ‘ready’ – maybe NO …..

Page 52: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

In conclusion

• Grass versus grain (fatty acid profile)

• WA combination of both is our strength ?

• Aussie consumers cannot pick the difference

• At least for lamb the average omega 3 value is great

• However clear premiums do exist for beef

Page 53: Livestock production and meat quality SW region · Main aspect is fatty acid profile ‘grass better than grain’ • Generally speaking pasture based production gives a better fat

MarketImpact

Value Chain focus

• Producers

• Livestock companies

• Processors

• Livestock Transporters

• Retailers (Wholesalers)

• Consumers


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