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Transcript of Liver
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Nutrition in Mammals
Chapter 6
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LESSON RECAP
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What did we learn the previous lesson?1. Introduction to Nutrition in
Mammals2. Organs in the Mammalian Digestive
system3. Detailed examination of - Oesophagus,
- Stomach- Small intestines
4. Adaptations of the intestines for absorption
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• Two layers of smooth muscles:
longitudinal & circular muscles
What happens in the Oesophagus?
Peristalsis-is the Wave like contraction of the walls of the gut to move food down from mouth to stomach
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Circular muscle contracts; lumen constricts
Longitudinal muscle relaxes
ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLES
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Demonstration
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• Distensible = can stretch & expand• Send “Full” signal to brain• Numerous pits with gastric glands• Pyloric splincter = ring of muscle connecting
the small intestines.
*StomachStructure of Stomach
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What happens in our Stomach?
•Peristalsis occurs in the stomach
What happens in the Stomach?
Peristalsis- Wave like contraction of the walls of the gut to move food down from mouth to stomach
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Small Intestines – Last chance to digest!
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Demonstration
How does the movement of the intestinal wall look like?
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How do villi help to increase rate of absorption in the small intestine?
How does the villus structure help to increase rate of absorption in the small intestine?
OR
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Does surface area matter for absorption?
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If the small intestines were only a hollow tube…
0.5m2
200.0m2
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Adap
tatio
n of
the
smal
l int
estin
es Increase Surface Area
Inner walls have numerous folds Lined with vili Microvilli on villi
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Adaptations of the intestinal wall
One-cell thick epithelium
Numerous blood vessels to
maintain concentration
gradient.
Increase Surface area
How is the intestinal wall adapted for absorption?
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Thin membrane – 1 cell thick
Epithelium-the inner and outer tissue covering digestive tract organs.ukhealthcare.uky.edu/patient/glossary/glossary-e.htm-a type of tissue which lines a surface in the body.www.di.uq.edu.au/sparqglossary
Adap
tatio
n of
the
smal
l int
estin
es
One-cell thick epithelium
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Increased intestinal surface area
1 cell thick epithelium
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Many capillaries carry substance awayEach villus has a lacteal/lymphatic capillary surrounded by blood capillaries. Continuous transport of digested food substances awayAd
apta
tion
of th
e sm
all i
ntes
tines Numerous capillaries to maintain
concentration gradient
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• A concentration gradient is maintained at the villus by the continual transport of digested food substances away from the villus.
Q. How is Concentration gradient maintained at the site of the intestinal
villus?
Adap
tatio
n of
the
smal
l int
estin
es
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Absorption at the small intestines villus
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• Glucose & amino acids enter into blood capillaries via diffusion & active transport
• Glycerol & fatty acid diffuse into the epithelium, then combines back to fat molecules when they enter lacteal
• Water & mineral salts also absorbed.
How does absorption take place?
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Summary
1. Introduction to Nutrition in Mammals
2. Organs in the Mammalian Digestive system 3. Examined:
• Oesophagus• Stomach• Small intestines
4. Adaptations of the intestines for absorption
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Today’s Guest
Mr. Liver
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Q. HOW ARE FOOD SUBSTANCES TRANSPORTED AND UTILIZED?CHAPTER 6 PG 105
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Good job! You’re done with all the goodies?
Pass them to me and I’ll re-distribute!
Liver Boss, I’m done with absorbing all
the nutrients. My villus is rich. What do I do with them now?
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Huh? What is air-mail?There are no planes
around the area. You need to ship the ‘goodies’ to me
But you’re quite a distance away,
Can I send them to you by air mail?
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HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
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Q. What are the ‘goodies’ to be transported?
• Glucose• Amino acids
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Fate of Glucose
• Redistributed• Excess return
So what do I do now with the excess glucose?
Let’s check out for laborers in the market
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In the Blood Market….
glucagon
insulin
glucagon
insulinglucagon
insulin
glucagon
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From pancreas…
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