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357

I n d e x R e f e r e n c i A Adam, J-P, 27 Ajntajn, 128 Allard, P. & Javoy, M., 213, 214 Aoyagi, K., 164 Aoyagi, K. & Kazama, T., 164 Aoyagi, K. & Asakawa, T., 164, 165 Arhenius, 59, 161 Aristofan, 18 Aristotel, 18 Arnorsson, S., 150, 151 Arnason, B. & Sigurgeirsson, Th., 208 Arsovski, M., Prelogovi, E., Radulovi, V.,

Sikoek, B. & Vidovi, M., 26 Athanausius Kircherz, 20 Ateneus, 18 B Baatz, D., 29 Baldi, P., Cameli, G. M., Locardi, E., Moutn, J. &

Scandellari, F., 211 Ballard metoda, 132 Barker, C. E. & Pawlewicz, M. J., 163 Batard, F., Baubron, J., Bosch, B., Marce, A. &

Riler, J., 214 Beck, A. E., 104 Beck, A. E. & Beck, J. M., 135 Benard, H., 171 Benfield, A. E., 23 Birch, F., 84, 101, 137 Birch, F. & Clark, H., 104 Birch, F., Roy, R. F. & Decker, F. R., 141 Bichof, G., 22 Bjornsson, S., 201 Blackett, R. E., Shubat, M. A, Chapman, D. S.,

Forster, C. B., & Schlinger, C. M., 245 Blackwell, D. D., 141 Boltzmann, S., 68, 70, 77, 130, 131 Bondaruk, V., 88, 91 Bosum, W., Casten, U., Fieberg, F.C., Heyde, I., &

Soffel, H. C., 165 Bott, M. H. P., 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94,

139, 170, 172 Boyle, R., 20 Brailsford, A. D. & Major, K. C., 101, 110, 111 Budilko, M. I., Berland, T. G., Efimova, N. A.,

Zubenok, L. I. & Strokina, L. A., 129, 130, 131

Buffon, C. de., 21 Bullard, E. C., 23, 24, 134, 135, 138 Bullen, K. A., 83, 84, 91

Bunterbarth, G., 113, 115, 116, 122, 161, 162, 163,

170 Burdick, L. J. & Helmberger, D. V., 87 Burst, J. F., 164 C Campbell, M. D. & Lehr, J. H., 282 Cann, J. R., 90 Carslaw, H. S. & Jaeger, J. C., 103 Cataldi, M., 15, 16, 25 Cataldi, R. & Burgassi, P., 28 Chapman, D. S. & Pollack, H. N., 138, 139 Cherry, R. C., 280 Christensen, O. D., Capuano, R. M. & Moore, J. N.,

238 Christensen, N. I. & Salisbury, M. H., 90 Clark, S. P., 68, 78 Clark, S. P. & Ringwood, A. E., 169 Conrad, V., 89 Conti, P. G., 34 Cordier, P. L., 21 Craig, H., 200, 206, 207, 209, 213, 214, 215, 242 Crough, S. T. & Thompson, G. A., 143 Curie, M., 165 eremenski, G., 39 ermak, V., 135 ermak, V. & Rybach, L., 107, 135 D DAmore, F., Gianelli, G. & Corazza, E., 155 Darcy, H., 62, 71, 72, 191 Davis, E. E., Lister, C. R. B., Wade, U. S. &

Hyndman, R. D., 140 Demenickin, R. M., 91, 95 Demetrius Callatis, 18 Den Tex, E., 89 Dietz, R. S., 93 Diodorus Siculus, 18 Dongarra, G. & Hauser, S., 216 Dowdle, W. L. & Cobb, W. M., 148 Dragaevi, T., Andri, P. & Joksovi, P., 325, 326,

329 Driscoll, F. G., 269, 277, 278 Dunn, J. C., Ortega, A., Hickox, C. E., Chu, T. Y.

& Wemple, R. P., 201 Durrance, E. M., 236

Index referenci

358

E Elder, J. W., 74, 75, 76, 193 Ellis, A. J. & Mahon, W. A. J., 200, 210 England, P.C. & Richardson, S.W., 143 Epstein, A. G., Epstein, J. B. & Harris, L. D., 59,

159, 160 Evanoff, J., 288 Everet, J., 22 F Fahrenheit, D. G., 57 Fielitz, K., 122 Fisher, O., 171 Fouillac, C. & Michard, G., 153 Fourier, J., 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 75, 165 Fourier, M., 21 Fournier, R. O., 150, 151, 157, 197 Fournier, R. O. & Potter R. W., 152 Fournier, R. O. & Rowe, J. J., 150 Fournier, R. O., Thompson, J. M. & Austin, C. J.,

235 Fournier, R. O. & Truesdell, A. H., 152, 235 Freeston, D. H., 302, 303, 304 Fritz, P. & Fontes, J. Ch., 208, 210 Frolov, N. M., 39 Fujisawa, H., Fujii, N., Mizitani, H., Kanamori, H.

& Akimoto, S., 117 Fytikas, M. & Leonidopoulou, G., 18 G Galilei, G., 144 Galimov, E. M., 214 Gat, U., 211 Giggenbach, W. F., Gonfiantini, R., Jangi, B. L. &

Truesdell, A. H., 151, 153 Ginori, P. C., 34 Goldstein, N. G., 252 Goranson, R. W., 115 Guseinov, O. K. & Mamedov, Y. A., 110 Gutenberg, B., 82, 83, 88, 89 H Haenel, R., Rybach, L. & Stegena L., 35 Hart, R. S., Anderson, D. L. & Kanamori, H., 81,

82 Hedemann, H. A., 147 Heedderik, J-P., van der Meer, M. & van der

Straaten, R., 318 Heezen, H. H., 90, 93 Hefestus, 17 Helgeson, H. C., 200 Helmholtz, von H., 71 Henley, R. W. & Ellis, A. J., 199 Henley, R. W., Truesdell, A. H. & Barton, P. B. Jr.,

235 Herodot, 17 Herzen, von R. P., 24 Hesoid, 17 Hess, H. H., 90, 93

Hipokrat, 18 Holdren, J. P. & Smith, K. R., 8 Holmes, A., 171 Homer, 17 Hopkins, W., 171 Horai, K. & Simmons, G., 104, 105, 106, 109 Horner, D. R., 148 Hulston, J. R. & McCabe, W. J., 213 Humboldt, von A., 22 Hurly, P. M. & Fairbairn H. W., 120 Hurrell, J. W., 9 Hurtig, E. & Brugger, H., 113, 114 Hurtig, E., ermk, V., Haenel, R. & Zui, V. I., 135 Huttrer, G. W., 310 I IAE [International Energy Agency], 7 IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change], 8 Isacks, B., Oliver, J. & Sykes, L. R., 93 J Jacobs, J. A., 121 Jahn, W., 322 Jankovi, S., 51 Jeanloz, R. & Richter, F. M., 171 Jeffreys, H., 81, 82, 85, 89 Johnson Division, 270, 282, 289 Jones, P. H., 164 Jovanovi, P., 326 K Kappelmeyer, O. & Haenel, R., 107 Kelvin, Lord (William Thomson), 22, 57 Kharaka, K., Specht, J. & Carothers, J., 153, 154 Kieffer, S. W., 68 Kirchoff, G., 77 Kiri, M., 120 Kiri, P., 120 Kral, M. & Janci, J., 104 Kupffer, A., 21 L Labarda, A, 120 Lachenbruch, A. H. & Bunker, C. M., 141 Laplace, P-S, 67 Larderelo, F., 32 Lee, W. H. K. & Uyeda, S., 141 Leifsson, A., 316 Liaw, A. L. & Suyenaga, W., 251 Lindal, B., 301, 312, 313, 316, 317 Lienau, P. J., 317, 318 Lloyd, R. M., 156 Lubimova, E. A., 120 Lund, J. W., 317 Lyon, G. L., 213, 214

Index referenci

359

M Macaulay, D., 1996., 27, 29 Mahon, W. A. J., Klyen, L. E. & Rhode, M., 199 Maisonneuve, J. & Risler, J., 213, 214 Max Plank, 1 McKenzie, D. P., Roberts, J. M. & Weiss, N. O.,

171 Melaku, M., Thompson, S. & Mills, T., 321 Meyer, Z. & Kozlowski, J., 312 Milivojev, M., 38, 40, 43, 44, 45, 48, 47, 49, 50,

54, 55, 105, 108, 126, 127, 128, 167, 168, 190, 295, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 336

Milivojevi, M., & Martinovi, M., 329 Mitsui, K., & Taguchi, K., 164 Mizutani, Y. & Rafter, T. A., 156, 164 Mohorovii, A., 325, 330, 331 Mongelli, F., 117 Moiseenko, F., 88, 89 Moiseenko, U. I. & Smislov, A. A., 89, 112 Muffler, L. J. P., 49 Muffler, L. J. P. & White, D. E., 213 N Nafe, J. E. & Drake, C. L., 122 Nakicenovic, N., Grubler, A. & McDonald, A., 11,

12 Newton, I., 20, 70, 75 Nogee, A., Clemmer, B., Paulos, B. & Haddad, B.,

13 Norton, D. L., 199 Nusselt, W., 73, 74, 75 O Ohm, G., 62 Oldham, R., 81 OPEC [Organizacija zemalja izvoznika nafte], 1, 10 Orak, R. P. & Megahed, A. A., 79 ORS [Organic Rankine Cycle], 311 Ottlik, P., Galfi, J., Horvath, F., Korim, K. &

Stegena, L., 329 Ovid, 17 Ozbek, H. & Phillips, S. L., 112 P Panichi, C. & Tongiorgi, E., 213 Pausanias, 18 Pindar, 18 Platon, 18 Plinije Stariji, 18 Plutarh, 18 Poisson, S-D., 67 Polyak, B. G. & Smirnov, Ya. B., 139, 141 Pollack, H. N., 137 Prelovek, P. & Uran, B., 104 Popovski, K., 308 Popovski, K. & Popova, N., 309

R Radovanovi, S., 36 Rafferty, K., 318 Raheim, A. & Green, D. H., 157, 158 Rayleigh, 73, 74, 75, 77, 171 Reich, 22 Richet, P., Bottinga, Y. & Javoy, M., 156 Richter, F. M. & Parsons, B., 175 Ringwood, A. E., 86, 96a, 96b, 97, 98 Ristoro dArezzo, 19 Robertson, A. H. F., 120 Rogner, H. H. & Popescu, A., 11 Rogner, H. H., 12 Roksandi, M., 325, 329 Rosca, M. & Maghiar, T., 21 Roscoe Moss Company, 279 Roseland, 79 Ross, H. P., Blackett, R. E., Shubat, M. A. &

Mackelprang, C. E., 248, 250 Roy, R. F., Blackwell, D. D. & Birch, F., 141 Rundle, J. B., Carrigan, C. R., Hardee, H. C. &

Luth, W. C., 252 Runcorn, S. K., Libby, L. M. & Libby, W. F., 121 Rybach L., 122, 125, 127 Rybach L. & Buntebarth G., 122 S Safronov, V. S., 120 Sakai, H. & Matsubaya, O., 212 Sass, J. H., Kennelly, J. P. Jr., Wendt, W. E.,

Moses, T. H. Jr. & Ziagos, J. P., 135 Schatz, J. F. & Simmons, G., 68, 79 Schoel, M. & Stahl, W., 213 Schroth, 135 Schubert, G., Yuen, D. A. & Turcotte, D. L., 96 Sclater, J. G. & Christie, P. A., 140, 142 Sclater, J. G. & Crowe, J., 139 Shryock, S. H., 290 Sekiguchi, K., 112, 148 Seume, 18 Smislov, A., Moissenko, U. & adovi, T., 109,

110, 113, 115, 116, 121, 124, 126 Smith, R. & Shaw, H., 194 Smithson, S. B. & Decker, E. R., 89 Somerton, W. H., Keese J.A. & Chu S.L., 111 Sordelli, C. & Karkoulias, V., 321 Stacey, F. D., 169, 170, 171, 172, 174 Stevenson, D. J. & Turner, J. S., 173 Strabo, 18 Sturluson, S., 34 T Taylor, B., 65 Taylor, H. P., 213 Tester, J.W., 315 Tester, J.W. & Milora, S. L., 315 Titus, 29 Tka, G. F. & rak, R. P., 116, 117 Timko, D. J. & Fertl, W. H., 146

Index referenci

360

Toksoz, M. N., Minear, J. W. & Julian, B. R., 95 Trajan, 29 Truesdell, A. H., 151 Turcotte, D. L. & Oxburgh, E. R., 171 Turcotte, D. L. & Schubert, G., 95 Turkenburg, W. C., 12 U Urey, H., 120, 155 Usdowski, H. E., 138 Uyeda, S., 157 V van der Waals, J. D., 71 vant Hoff, J. H., 149 Varekamp, J. C. & Buseck, P. R., 238 Verhoogen, J., 115 Vine, F. J. & Matthews, D. H., 94 Virgil, 17 Vitorello, I. & Pollack, H. N., 143 Vogt, C., 34 Vujevi, P., 131 Vyskoil, P., 326 W Walsh, J. B. & Decker, E. R., 110, 111 Wilson, J. T., 90, 98, 140 White, D. E., 208 White, D. E., Muffler, L. J. P. & Truesdell, A. H.,

198, 199, 200, 211 Woodside, W. & Messmer, J. H., 110, 111 Y Yihan, C., 320 Yoder, H. & Tilley, C., 331 Z Zandt, G., McPherson, L., Schaff, S. & Olson, S.,

113 Zoth, G. & Haenel, R., 251

361

I n d e x p o j m o v a A adiabatski gradijent, 76, 170, 173 aero-radiometrijska ispitivanja, 122 aerobne bakterije, 216 agrikultura, 300, 307, 321 albedo, 129 akvakultura, 309, 322 alternativna energija, 299 andezitsko do riodacitska magma, 97 API filtarska presa, 276 API specifikacija 10, 285 API standard, 283 apsolutno crno telo, 77 Arrhenius-ov dijagram, 160 Arrhenius-ova jednaina, 161 astenosfera, 92, 169, 174 ASTM C 150, 285 ASTM standard, 282 atmosfera, 8 audiomagnetotelurska metoda, 249 B bazaltna magma, 97 bazaltni sloj, 89, 329 Beckman-ov termometar, 145 Benioff zona, 95 BHT metoda, 146 bigar, 226 binaran sistem, 299, 311 biomasa, 299 biprodukt, 24, 314 bituminit, 160 blanketing efekat, 202, 205 boraks, 30 brzi mera toplotne provodljivosti (QTM), 103 Bullard-ova metoda, 134 Bullen-ov model, 83 bunarska cev, 282, 288 bunarska pumpa, 280 bunarski filter, 281 buenje sa reversnom cirkulacijom, 269 C calidarium, 28 Celzijusova skala, 57 cementacija, 284-291 centralizer, 283 Conrad-ov diskontinuitet, 325 Curie-va povr (taka), 165

D Darcy-ev zakon, 62, 71 De Lier, 318 Desulfuricans, 215 diferencijalna jednaina konduktivnog prenosa

toplote, 64 dijageneza, 160, 164 dipol-dipol, 247 direkciono buenje, 272 direktne metode odreivanja toplotne provodljivo-

sti, 101 direktno korienje toplote, 300, 306 divergentna granica, 92 divided bar metoda, 23, 102 donji omota, 85 dugoivei radioaktivni elementi, 121 E efekat staklene bate, 5, 8, 9, 130, 296 efektivno zraenje sa zemljine povri, 129 eksploatacioni bunar, 257, 262 elektrini temometri, 145 elektrokinetiki efekat, 250 elektromagnetni talas, 77 elektromagnetske metode, 248 emisija CO2, 9 energija, 1 energetska efikasnost, 11 energetski ip, 261 entalpija, 59 erozija, 143

F Farenhajtova skala, 57 feromagnetizam, 165 filtarski kola, 275 flash-steam, 299 fosilne rezerve, 3 fosilna goriva, 7, 8, 296, 305 fosilni biogeni nosioci energije, 3 fosilni minerogeni nosioci energije, 3 fonon, 104 fononska provodljivost, 112 Fourier-ov zakon provoenja toplote, 61, 132 frigidarium, 28 fuzija vodonika u helijum, 128 G gama-spektrometrijska metoda, 122 geoelektrino sondiranje, 247

Index pojmova

362

geosfere, 83, 91 geotermalna energija, 38, 187, 293-301, 306, 325 geotermalna para, 314 geotermalna sonda, 259 geotermalna toplana, 323 geotermalna toplota, 37 geotermalne pojave, 15, 30, 44 geotermalne zone, 47 geotermalni fluid, 232, 310 geotermalni grdijent, 22, 63, 133 geotermalni region, 48 geotermalni resurs, 53, 187, 255, 294, 325, 332 geotermalni sistem, 49 geotermalni terestrini toplotni tok, 131 geotermalno polje, 50, 119, 325 geotermologija, 20, 40 geotermometri, 149-165, 235 globalno kruenje ugljenika, 8 gornji omota, 85, 327 gradijent temperature, 58, 244 granat-piroksenski geotermometar, 157 granitni sloj, 88, 329 gravimetrija, 254 gustina toplotnog toka, 22, 69, 131-144, 243, 326,

328 - u podruju okeana, 139 - na kontinentima, 141 Gutenbergov diskontinuitet, 81 H HDR (Hot Dry Rock), 293, 299, 335 hidrogeotermalna energija, 38 hidrogeotermalna karta, 228 hidrogeotermalne pojave, 44 hidrogeotermalni fluid, 197, 203 hidrogeotermalni konduktivni sistem, 204 hidrogeotermalni resurs, 188, 265, 332 hidrogeotermalni sistem, 49, 190-216

- sa vodenom parom, 50, 198 - sa toplom vodom, 50, 199

hidrogeotermologija, 40 hidrohemijski geotermometri, 149 hidrotermalna alteracija, 239 horizontalni izmenjiva toplote, 258 Horner-ovi dijagrami, 148 hot spot, 174 I IGA (International Geothermal Association), 24,

301 igliasta sonda, 104 indeks katjonskog pakovanja (k-vrednost), 122 infracrveni deo spektra, 77 injekcioni bunar, 262 inkluzije, 158, 241 - primarne inkluzije, 158 - pseudosekundarne inkluzije, 158

- sekundarne inkluzije, 158 integralna interpretacija, 221 ispariva, 265

isplaka, 273-279 isplaka na bazi vazduha, 277 izazvana konvekcija, 69 izoterma, 58 izotermalno temperaturno polje, 58 izotopi, 206, 210-216, 241 izotopski geotermometri, 154 - CH4-H2 geotermometar, 156 - H2O-H2 geotermometar, 156 - CO2-H2O geotermometar, 156 - SO4-H2O geotermometar, 156 izvori geotermalne energije, 42, 119 izvorite geotermalne toplote, 51 J jaina temperaturnog polja, 59 jednaina transpora toplote, 70 jednaina transporta vode, 71 K K-Ar metoda, 230 Klamat Folz, 317 kalko-alkalni tip orogene magme, 97 Kant-Laplasova teorija, 120 karota, 146, 276 kaskadno korienje, 316, 320 katjonski geotermometri, 150 - Na-K geotermometar, 150 - Na-K-Ca geotermometar, 152 - K-Mg geotermometar, 152 - Na-Li geotermometar, 153 - Mg-Li geotermometar, 153 Kelvinova skala, 57 Kirchoff-ov zakon, 77 Kjoto protokol, 11 klimatski sistem, 8 koaksijalni bunar, 263 konodonti, 159 koeficijent toplotne provodljivosti, 62 koliina radiogene toplote, 121 kompresiona toplotna pumpa, 264 konceptualni model, 221 kondukcioni sistem, 49 konduktivni temperaturni gradijent, 77 kontinentalna kora, 88 konvekcija u geoteramlnim sistemima, 75 konvektivni hidrogeotermlani sistem, 203, 310, 332 konvektivno hidrogeotermlano nalazite, 202 konvergentna granica, 92 korisna energija, 2 krajnji nosioci energije, 2 kratkoivei radioaktivni elementi, 121 kvarc-eklogitski sloj, 96 L laconicum, 28 Larderelo, 31 latentna toplota, 60 latentna toplota isparavanja, 60

Index pojmova

363

latentna toplota topljenja, 60 leita mineralnih sirovina, 51 Lindal-ov dijagram, 301 Lindemann-ov zakon topljenja, 169 linija toplotnog toka, 61 litogeotermalna energija, 38 litogeotermalne pojave, 46 litogeotermalni sistem, 49 litogeotermologija, 40 litosfera, 85, 91, 174, 331 litosferske ploe, 92-98, 174 longitudinalni talas, 250 M magmogeotermalna energija, 38 magmogeotermalne pojave, 46 magmogeotermalni sistem, 49 magmogeotermologija, 40 magnetotelurska ispitivanja, 249 magnetsko polje Zemlje, 252 Marov levak, 275 Meaux, 323 melan, 98 Melin Lalmont, 318 mermerni oniks, 226 metoda dva epa, 289 metoda intervala, 132 metode odreivanja toplotne provodljivosti, 99 - laboratorijske metode - terenske metode mikrozemljotres, 251 Mohoroviiev diskontinuitet, 82, 325, 330 N nalazite geotermalne energije, 51, 189, 332 nalazite sa hidrogeotermalnim fluidom pod pri-

tiskom veim od hidrostatikog, 200 nalazite magme, 201 nalazite nisko i srednjetemperaturnih hidrogeo-

teermalnih fluida, 202 nalazite visokotemperaturnih hidrogeotermalnih

fluida, 198 - nalazite u kojem preovaluje voda, 199 - nalazite u kojem preovaluje vodena para,

198 nalazite vrelih suvih stena, 201, 334 neotektonska kretanja, 326 nestacionarne metode merenja toplotne provodlji-

vosti, 102 nestacionarno temperaturno polje, 57 Newton-ov zakon, 69 Nusselto-ov broj, 74 O obnovljiva energija, 3, 12, 177 Ohm-ov zakon, 62 okeanska kora, 90 Olkaria, 321 omota, 84, 168, 171

Oradea, 321 ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle), 311 otvoren sistem, 257, 262 P paker, 287 paleohidrogeotermalna pojava, 45 paleolitogeotermalne pojave, 46 paleomagmogeotermalne pojave, 47 paralelni model provodljivosti, 100 PDB (Pee Dee Belemnite), 213 peridotitski sloj, 88 Piper-ov (trilinearni) dijagram, 233 pirolit, 86 platinski otpornik, 145 plovna papua, 288 pneumatski eki, 269 pneumogeotermalna energija, 38 pneumogeotermalne pojave, 47 pneumogeotermalni sistem, 49 pneumogeotermologija, 40 Poisson-ova jednaina, 67 polimerne isplake, 277 portland cement, 285 povlatna barijera, 195 pozmiks cement, 285 prekambrijumski titovi, 138, 141 prenos toplote kondukcijom, 61 prenos toplote konvekcijom, 68 prenos toplote zraenjem, 77 prethodna istraivanja, 226 preventer, 292 primanje toplote, 59 primarni nosioci energije, 2 prirodna konvekcija, 69 R radijaciona toplotna provodljivost, 78 radijacioni balans, 129 radijacioni toplotni tok, 129 radioaktivni izotopi, 121, 230, 236 radiogena toplota, 120-128, 141, 327 radiogeni elementi, 125 - u mineralima, 125 - u stenama, 125 - sedimentne stene, 125 - metemorfne stene, 126 - magmatske stene, 127 Rayleigh-ev broj, 73, 171 recentne rezerve, 3 redukovani toplotni tok, 142 Rejkjavik, 34, 316 resursi nafte, 10 resursi pijae vode, 10 rezerve energije, 2 Rodigo, 321 Roseland-ova jednaina, 78 rotaciono buenje, 268

Index pojmova

364

S savremena hidrogeotermalna pojava, 45 savremene litogeotermalne pojave, 46 savremene magmogeotermalne pojave, 47 sedimentni sloj, 88, 326 seizmika refleksija, 251 seizmika refrakcija, 251 sekundarni nosioci energije, 2 serijski model provodljivosti, 100 SiO2 geotermometar, 150 SMOW (Standard Mean Ocean Water), 206 solarna konstanta, 129 specifina toplota, 60, 100, 114 spoljanje jezgra, 84 spoljanji izvori geotermalne energije, 42 spoljanji izvori toplote, 128 spontana polarizacija, 249 srednjeokeanski greben, 93, 139, 174 srna cev, 272 stacionarne metode merenja toplotne provodljivosti,

102 sorbcione toplotne pumpe, 264 stacionarno temperaturno polje, 58 staklenici, 308, 318, 322 Stefan-Boltzmann-ov zakon, 70, 130 Stefan-Boltzmann-ova konstanta, 68, 131 Straubing, 322 subdukcija, 94 subkontinentalni tip kore, 91 subokeanski tip kore, 90 sumpor, 215, 286 sunev radijacioni toplotni tok, 129 sunevo zraenje, 128 mitova teorija, 120 T T-MOHO 87, 329 TDS (Toral Dissolved Solids), 231 tektonika ploa, 91 tektonske jedinice, 92 temperatura, 21, 57, 144-171, 242, 245 temperaturni koeficijent linearnog irenja, 100 temperaturni koeficijent zapreminskog irenja, 100 temperaturno polje, 57, 331 termistor, 145 temometar sa kvarcnim kristalom, 146 tepidarium, 28 termometar, 20, 144 thermae, 29 Tianjin, 320 toplota, 59 toplotna difuzija, 100, 116 toplotna provodljivost, 68, 99- 117, 133, 327 - minerala, 104 - stena, 105 - sedimentnih stena, 105 - magmatskih stena, 108

- metamorfnih stena, 109 toplotna provodljivost zraenjem, 112 toplotna pumpa, 255, 262, 264, 322 toplotnofiziki parametri, 99 traser, 237 treset, 160 tranzitna zona, 85 transferzalni talas, 250 transformni rased, 92 travertin, 226 tremie cev, 288 TU (tritium unit), 236 turbulencija, 71 U U-sonda, 260 udarno buenje, 266 ugljendioksid, 212, 286 ugljifikacija, 160 unutranje jezgro, 84 unutranji izvori geotermalne energije, 42 unutranji izvori toplote, 120 V van der Waals-ove sile, 71 vant Hoff-ova jednaina, 146 vertikalni izmenjiva toplote, 259 vitrinit, 160, 163 Z zatvoren sistem, 256 Zavaricki-Beniof zona, 95 Zemlja, 80, 119 Zemljino jezgro, 84, 171 - prelazna zona, 84 Zemljina kora, 88, 325, 327 elatiniranje, 276 ivini temometri, 145

365

R e n i k p o j m o v a Aktivne geofizike tehnike (Active Geophysical Techniques) - Geofizike tehnike kod kojih izvor energije stvara

ovek. Primer je dinamit kod seizmikih ispitivanja i elektrina struja kod ispitivanja otpornosti (SEO, SP). Akvifer (Aquifer) - potpovrinski sloj ili slojevi stena ili drugih geolokih struktura iz kojih se mogu iscrpeti

odredene kolicine vode Anomalija (Anomaly) - Odstupanje od uniformnosti (zakona, pravila). Lokalna pojava, koja se prema

geolokim, hidrogeolokim, geotermalnim, geofizikim karakteristikima razlikuje od vee oblasti u kojoj se nalazi.

Antiklinala (Anticline)- Naborni oblik koji u jezgru ima najstarije slojeve. Antiforma Nabor konveksan

navie. Atmosferksa voda, podela prema poreklu... (Meteoric Water) - Najveim delom nastaje infiltracijom vode iz

atmosfere i njenim poniranjem u zemlju, a manjim delom kondenzacijom vodene pare iz vazduha u Zemljinoj kori. Odlikuju se malim sadrajem rastvorenih materija.

Basen (sedimentni) (Basin) - Sputeni deo zemljine kore u kojem su nataloeni sedimenti. Debljina sedimenata

se poveava prema centru basena. Batolit (Batholith)- Najkrupniji oblici intruzivnih magmatskih stena (npr. granita) minimalne povrine oko 65

km2. Bazalt (Basalt) -Sitnozrna, tamna, izlivna magmatska stena porfirne strukture Bazaltni plato (Flood Basalt, also called plateau basalt) - Produkt ogromne vulkanske erupcija ili niza erupcija

koje su prekrile velike povrine zemlje ili okeanske kore bazaltnom lavom. Bazina magmatska stena (Mafic Rock) - Magmatska stena sa relativno malim sadrajem silicijuma.

Bazalt je izlivni varijetet a gabro kristalisan plutonski varijetet. Bigar, Travertin, sedra i sline stene (Sinter) - Hemijski sediment nastao taloenjem iz izvora mineralnih

voda. U geotermalnoj praksi najee je predstavljen naslagama silicijuma. Tada se naziva jo i silicijski bigar, travertin. Takoe se javlja kao i krenjaki bigar, bigar... Peinski nakit, stalaktiti i stalagmiti i peinski stubovi su takoe vrsta bigra.

Brea (Breccia) - Stena koje se sastoji od krupnih, nezaobljenih fragmenata jedne ili vie vrsta stena i vezivne

supstance. Mogu nastati usitnjavanjem blokova du raseda, podzemnim hidrotermalnim eksplozijama itd... Celzijus (Centigrade) Jedinica za temperaturu. Celzijusova skala je najea temperaturna skala izvan

Amerike. Formule za konverziju Celzijusovih temperatura: konverzija celzijusa u farenhajt F = C 1,8 + 32; celzijusa u kelvin K = C + 273,15.

Darsi (Darcy) - Jedinica kojom se meri propustnost fluida. Jedan darsi jednak je proticaju 1 cm3 tenosti

viskoznosti 1 mPas, kroz stenu povrine 1 cm2 za 1 sekund, pri pritisku od 1 bara, a pri kretanju tenosti laminarnim reimom.

Deuterijum (Deuterium) - Izotop vodonika koji sadri jedan proton i jedan neutron u jezgru atoma, sa

najeom oznakom 2H u naunoj literaturi. Dinamiki nivo podzemnih voda (Pumping Level or Lift) - Rastojanje od povrine terena do nivoa podzemnih

voda u bunaru prilikom crpenja, pri emu se ono poveava sa poveanjem kapaciteta crpenja. Dinamiki nivo je jednak zbiru statikog nivoa i depresije.

Renik pojmova

366

Divergentna granica litosfernih ploa (Divergent Plate Boundary) - Zona razmicanja litosfernih ploa, odnosno podruje gde se formira nova okeanska kora. Ove granice predstavljene su srednjeokeanskim grebenima i unutarkontinentalnim riftovima.

Dubokomorski rov (Oceanic Trench) - Predstavljaju najdublje oblike reljefa Zemlje (preko 11 km),

gde dolazi do tonjenja litosferne ploe u mantl. Asimetrine su grae i ispunjeni su sedimentima male debljine koji nisu deformisani.

Dvodimenzionalni model (Two-Dimensional Model) - Model koji se koristi u interpretaciji geofizikih i

drugih podataka, kod kojeg je podpozemlje podeljeno na regione razliitih fizikih karakteristika, pri emu su regioni ogranieni sa dve dimenzije. Kod tipinih 2-D modela regioni su definisani vertikalnom i horizontalnom dimenzijom.

Dvofazno (Two-Phase) - U getermologiji pod ovim izrazom podrazumeva se istovremeno postojanja i vode i

pare u steni, buotini... Efektivna poroznost (Efective porosity) - Meuprostori u steni ispunjeni samo slobodnom (gravitacionom)

vodom , zanemarujui pore meuprostore zauzete fiziki vezanim i kapilarnim vodama. Elektrokinetiki efekat (Electrokinetic Effect) - Postupak formiranja prirodnog naponskog gradijenta u

zemljinoj unutranjosti usled kretanja fluida kroz pore i pukotine u stenama. Elektromagnetne geofizike metode (Electromagnetic Geophysical Methods) - Vrsta geofizikih metoda

kod koje se pomou naizmeninog magnetnog polja izaziva elektrini tok u Zemljinoj unutranjosti. Elektrootpornost (Electrical Resistivity) - Veliina koja predtavlja otpor kretanju toka elektriciteta u

materijalima. to je vea otpornost, odnsono otpor kretanju elektriciteta manja je provodljivost. Jedinica elektrootpornosti je om-metar (m).

Elektroprovodljivost (Electrical Conductivity) - Jedna od osnovnih fizikih karakteristika materijala, koja

odraava koliko dobro materijal provodi eliktricitet. Jedinica je Simens po metru (S/m). Elektroprovodljivost je obrnuto srazmerna elektrootpornosti.

Erupcija (Blowout) Nekontolisano kretanje fluida za buenje i formacijskih fluida iz buotine na povrinu

terena, ili u podzemne zone sa niim pritiskom (podzemna erupcija). Farenhajt (Fahrenheit) - Najea skala za merenje temperature u Sjedinjenim Dravama, koja se zasniva na

podeli od 180 delova izmeu take mrnjenja i take kljuanja vode. Po ovoj skali led se topi na 32 F, a voda kljua na 212 F. Za pretvaranje tempereture iz stepena farenhajta u stepene celzijusa koristi se formula: C = 5(F - 32)/9.

Fluid za buenje (Drilling Fluid) - Fluid (najee voda ili glinena isplaka) koji cirkulie u buotini prilikom

buenja u cilju iznoenja stenskog materijala iz buotine, podmazivanja i hlaenja buaeg pribora (kruna ili dleta) i odravanja stabilnosti zidova buotine.

Fumarole (Fumarole) - Postvulkanske pojave pregrajanih para i gasova osloboenih iz magme, ija temperatura ima

vrednost od 200-800 C. Galvanska ispitivanja elektrine otpornosti (Galvanic Resistivity Geophysical Method) - Vrsta elektrine

geofizike metode u kojoj se dve ukopane elektrode koriste za injektiranje struje u zemljinu unutanjost, pri emu se meri razlika u rezultujuem naponu na druge dve elektrode. Poznavanjem rastojanja izmeu etiri pomenute elektrode, inteziteta struje i merenog napona, mogue je odrediti srednju otpornost stenskih masa u zemljinoj unutranjosti.

Geofizika (Geophysics)- Primena fizikih metoda i tehnika u geologiji. Geotermalna energija (Geothermal Energy) - Toplotna energija iz unutranjosti Zemlje.

Renik pojmova

367

Geotermalna energija iz toplih stena (Hot Rock Geothermal Energy) - Toplotna energija koja se nalazi u toplim nepropusnim stenama.. Propustnost se moe formirati hidraulikim razlamanjem kod nepropusnih stena i na taj nain omoguiti cirkulacija vode i iskoriavanje pomentute toplote.

Geotermalni gradijent (Geothermal Gradient) - Parametar kojim se predstavlja poveanje temperature sa

porastom dubine u zemljinoj unutranjosti, dat u C/km ili F/100 ft. Glinovita alteracija (Argillic Alteration) - Promena postojeih minerala u steni u minerale glina usled

cirkulacije vode. Granit (Granite) - Kisela dubinska magmatska stena, svetle boje, iroko rasprostranjena u zemljinoj kori. Gravimetrija (Gravity Geophysical Methods) - Geofizika metoda zasnovana na merenju trenutnih promena u

zemljinom gravitacionom polju i njihovoj interpretaciji u uslovima geolokih promena u zemljinoj kori. Gustina (Density) - Masa jedinine zapremina, jedno od osnovnih fizickih svojstava materijala. Hidrauliko razlamanje (Hydraulic Fracturing) - Lomljenje stena na dubinma u zemljinoj unutranjosti usled

pritiska fluida. Hidrauliko razlamanje moe se izvesti pumpanjem vode u bunar pri velikim pristiscima. Pri normalnim uslovima, pritisak vodene pare moe porasti toliko, da dovede do lomljenja.

Hidrostatiki pritisak (Hydrostatic Pressure) - Pritisak uzorkovan samom teinom fluida. Zavisi od gustine

tenosti i visine stuba tenosti. Odnos sile hidrostatikog pritiska i povrine na koju ova sila deluje, za uslov da posmatrana povrina tei nuli.

Hidrotermalna izmena (Hydrothermal Alteration) - Izmene minerala u stenama usled hemijske interakcije stene

sa hidrotermalnim fluidima koji cirkuliu u njima. IGA (International Geothermal Association) Meunarodna geotermalna asocijacija In Situ - Latinski, na mestu. Induracija/Ovravanje/Dijageneza/Litifikacija (Induration) - Proces ovravanja sedimenata bez

znaajnijeg poveanja pritisaka, i temperature i usled cementacije. Prevoenje rastresite stene u kompaktnu sedimentnu stenu.

Infracrven (Infrared) - Deo elektromagnetnog spektruma, kod kojeg je duina talasa 0,7 do 1,0

mikrometara izvan crvene granice vidljivog spektruma. Intruzija/Pluton (Intrusion) - Magmatsko telo nastalo kristalizacijom i ovravanjem magme u Zemljinoj kori. Ikluzije fluida (Fluid Inclusion) - Tokom kristalizacije minerala, male koliine fluida bivaju zarobljeni unutar

kristala. Ove inkluzije su najee mikroskopskih razmera (0,1-1 mm). Inverzija (Inversion) - Metod interpretacije geofizik