LITERARY DEVICESLITERARY DEVICES

SuspenseSuspenseSuspense is the growing interest and Suspense is the growing interest and

excitement readers experience while excitement readers experience while awaiting a climax or resolution in a awaiting a climax or resolution in a work of literature. It is a feeling of work of literature. It is a feeling of anxious uncertainty about the anxious uncertainty about the outcome of events. Writers create outcome of events. Writers create suspense by raising questions in the suspense by raising questions in the minds of their readers.minds of their readers.

The Four Types of The Four Types of Conflict:Conflict:

Man vs. Man Man vs. Man

Man vs. NatureMan vs. Nature

Man vs. SocietyMan vs. Society

Man vs. HimselfMan vs. Himself

Man vs. ManMan vs. Man

Man Vs. Nature Man Vs. Nature

Man vs. SocietyMan vs. Society

Man Vs. Himself Man Vs. Himself

Should I do my Should I do my homework or check homework or check my facebook? my facebook? Hmmm…Hmmm…

MetaphorMetaphor

A Metaphor is a type of speech that A Metaphor is a type of speech that compares or equates two or more compares or equates two or more things that have something in things that have something in common. A metaphor does NOT use common. A metaphor does NOT use likelike or or asas..

Example: Life is a bowl Example: Life is a bowl

of cherries.of cherries.

SimileSimileA Simile is another figure of speech A Simile is another figure of speech

that compares seemingly unlike that compares seemingly unlike things. Simile’s DO use the words things. Simile’s DO use the words likelike or or asas..

Example: Her voice was like nails on a Example: Her voice was like nails on a chalkboard.chalkboard.

MOODMOODMoodMood, or atmosphere, is the feeling , or atmosphere, is the feeling

created in the reader by a literary created in the reader by a literary work or passage. Writer’s use work or passage. Writer’s use many devices to create mood, many devices to create mood,

including images, dialogue, including images, dialogue, setting, and plot. Often, a writer setting, and plot. Often, a writer creates a mood at the beginning creates a mood at the beginning of a work and then sustains the of a work and then sustains the mood throughout. Sometimes, mood throughout. Sometimes, however, the mood of the work however, the mood of the work

changes dramatically.changes dramatically.

NARRATORNARRATOR

one who tells a story, the speaker or the one who tells a story, the speaker or the “voice” of an oral or written work “voice” of an oral or written work

The narrator is one of three types of The narrator is one of three types of characters in a given work, (1) participant characters in a given work, (1) participant (protagonist or participant in any action (protagonist or participant in any action that may take place in the story), (2) that may take place in the story), (2) observer (someone who is indirectly observer (someone who is indirectly involved in the action of a story), or (3) involved in the action of a story), or (3) non participant (one who is not at all non participant (one who is not at all involved in any action of the story). involved in any action of the story).

NarratorNarrator

An omniscient narrator: An omniscient narrator:

-not a character in the story-not a character in the story

-knows everything about the characters-knows everything about the characters

-can reveal the characters thoughts -can reveal the characters thoughts and actionsand actions

-can zoom from place to place-can zoom from place to place

-may tell all or save information until -may tell all or save information until laterlater

Point of ViewPoint of View

Point of View is the perspective, or Point of View is the perspective, or vantage point, from which a story is vantage point, from which a story is told. It is the relationship of the told. It is the relationship of the narrator to the story.narrator to the story.

First-person is told by a character who First-person is told by a character who uses the first-person pronoun “I”.uses the first-person pronoun “I”.

Third-person limited point of view is the Third-person limited point of view is the point of view where the narrator uses point of view where the narrator uses third-person pronouns such as “he” and third-person pronouns such as “he” and “she” to refer to the characters. “she” to refer to the characters.

ThemeTheme

This is the point the author is trying This is the point the author is trying to make.to make.

Often considered to be the “moral” Often considered to be the “moral” of the story. of the story.

Usually the author’s commentary Usually the author’s commentary about life, society, or human nature. about life, society, or human nature.

The Three Types of IronyThe Three Types of Irony Situational IronySituational Irony: : An event of outcome An event of outcome

of events opposite to what was or might of events opposite to what was or might naturally have been expected. naturally have been expected.

For example:When John Hinckley attempted to For example:When John Hinckley attempted to assassinate President Ronald Reagan, all of assassinate President Ronald Reagan, all of his shots initially missed the President; his shots initially missed the President; however a bullet ricocheted off the bullet-however a bullet ricocheted off the bullet-proof windows of the Presidential limousine proof windows of the Presidential limousine and struck Reagan in the chest. Thus, the and struck Reagan in the chest. Thus, the windows made to protect the President from windows made to protect the President from gunfire were partially responsible for his being gunfire were partially responsible for his being shot. shot.

Dramatic IronyDramatic Irony

This is when one of the characters is This is when one of the characters is unaware of important information unaware of important information that the audience is made aware of. that the audience is made aware of.

For example: In Shakespeare’s For example: In Shakespeare’s Romeo Romeo and Juliet and Juliet Romeo believes Juliet to be Romeo believes Juliet to be dead when she is merely asleep. This dead when she is merely asleep. This turns into turns into tragic ironytragic irony when he when he decides to end his life to be with her. decides to end his life to be with her.

Verbal IronyVerbal Irony

The speaker or writer of verbal irony The speaker or writer of verbal irony says one thing while INTENDING the says one thing while INTENDING the reader to get a different meaning. reader to get a different meaning.

For example, when using For example, when using SarcasmSarcasm, , the speaker says one thing but his the speaker says one thing but his tone implies another meaning. tone implies another meaning.

How is this ironic?How is this ironic?