Migration, Integration and Europeanization

– The Case of Sweden

Contribution to the conference MIGRATION, INTEGRATION, EUROPEANIZATION – OLD AND NEW CHALLENGES FOR POLICIES AND ACTORSWarsaw, 27 June 2013

Lisa PellingProgramme Manager, Global Challenge

Part I:

Current Migration Trends in Sweden

IMMIGRATION TO SWEDEN permits granted 2002 – 2012

0"

5.000"

10.000"

15.000"

20.000"

25.000"

30.000"

35.000"

40.000"

45.000"

2002" 2003" 2004" 2005" 2006" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012"

Asylum"

Family"

Work"

Students"

Adop@on"

EU/EES"

Source:  Swedish  Migra1on  Board  2013

Source:  Swedish  Migra1on  Board  2013-­‐01-­‐01

Ci#zenship 2012 2011 Change  (numbers) Change  (%)  

Syria 7  814 640 7  174 1  121%

Somalia 5  644 3  981 1  663 42%

Afghanistan 4  755 4  122 633 15%

Serbia 2  697 2  705 -­‐8 0%

Eritrea 2  356 1  647 709 43%

Stateless 2  289 1  109 1  180 106%

Bosnia-­‐Hercegovina 1  549 981 568 58%

Iran 1  529 1  120 409 37%

Albania 1  490 263 1  227 467%

Iraq 1  322 1  633 -­‐311 -­‐19%

Kosovo 942 1  210 -­‐268 -­‐22%

Russia 941 933 8 1%

Georgia 748 280 468 167%

Macedonia 634 890 -­‐256 -­‐29%

Nigeria 501 340 161 47%

Others 8  676 7  794 882 11%

TOTAL 43  887 29  648 14  239 48%

ASYLUM SEEKERS on nationality 2011–2012

TOP 20 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN of immigrants in Sweden 2011

0" 20000" 40000" 60000" 80000" 100000" 120000" 140000" 160000" 180000"

Afghanistan"

USA"

India"

Rumania"

UK"

Syria"

Libanon"

China"

Chile"

Thailand"

Somalia"

Norway"

Turkey"

Denmark"

Germany"

BosniaHHercegovina"

Iran"

Yugoslavia"

Poland"

Iraq"

Finland"

men" women"

Source:  Swedish  Migra1on  Board  2013

 Source:  www.facebookstories.com

SWEDEN‘S TRANSNATIONAL TIES according to Facebook

Denmark

Sweden

SWEDISH INTEGRATION POLICIES acccording to MIPEX 2011

Source:  Huddlestone  et  al  2011

OECD 2011: the most liberal labour immigration legislation of the industrialised countries

THE NEW LEGISLATION for labour immigration to Sweden

demand and employer driven

covers all kinds of jobs, including low-skilled

the labour immigrant must be able to support him or herself with the payments from the job

the employment conditions must include income-, insurance- and working conditions that correspond to the conditions set in collective agreements in the relevant branch of the economy

permits (maximum 2 years) can be extended with a maximum of 2 years, 4 years of work within 5 years gives right to apply for permanent residence

LIFE AS A LABOUR MIGRANT IN SWEDEN: a multifaceted picture

Nadir, 23: "They call me Turbo"“You could say that the first week or month, I couldn’t speak at all, but I liked my job. First, I got to sweep the tables. They saw I was good, so they said I could start doing the cleaning. Then they said I could start working in the kitchen. And when they saw I did a good job they said they will employ me as a supervisor for the new people so they learn how to do it.“

George, 43: "If you don‘t have a residence permit you are treated like an insect. Exactly like an insect."

“I am aware that my residence permit is temporary. If it was permanent, maybe I could complain about something at work. But I don’t dare to, because I live in uncertainty. (...) If I had a permanent residence permit I could maybe learn the language, get an education and then maybe develop my skills so that I could get a better job. Now I have to concentrate on the work, on doing a good job, on keeping my employer pleased so that I can keep the job”

Part 2:

Swedish Migration in European Perspective

Moving Beyond Demographics – Perspectives for a Common European Migration Policy

An anthology with contributions from seven leading European migration experts and scholars

Handed over to Commissioner Malmström in October 2011

On European tour 2012

Demographic challenges: Age structure in the EU in 2010 and 2050

RAINER MÜNZ

DRAMATIC DEMOGRAPHICS

"[i]f urgent measures are not taken, our ageing societies will put unsustainable pressure on our pension, health and welfare systems, and undermine our economic competitiveness."

(González et al. 2010, 5).

KRISTOF TAMAS

European migration policy must build on long-term, solid partnerships with non-EU Member States.

A permanent dialogue is needed to address visa regimes, residence and work permits, living and working conditions of migrant workers, 'brain drain' and skill formation, transferability and portability of rights and social security claims, etc.

GLOBAL FORUM ON MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT: Swedish Presidency 2013-2014

IÑIGO MORÉ

Remittances within the EU: An growing yet invisible contribution to development

MARTIN RUHSSceptical about a ‘one size fits all’ approach to the regulation of labour migration

It is essential to evaluate the ‘needs’ of employers to recruit abroad. Ruhs calls for an independent expert commission at the EU level

Bulgarian female worker at a strawberry greenhouse, in Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, southern Spain. (SAMUEL ARANDA/AFP/Getty Images) (Epoch Times 2008-11-19)

ALESSANDRA VENTURINI

The challenge of integration: How do we make sure immigrants attain, over time, wages, rate of employment and working conditions that are similar to those of natives of the same age, education and skills? How can we avoid 'brain waste'?

LIZ COLLET

"In 1999, full of cautious optimism, 15 Member States signed up to the Tampere Programme, a document listing their goals and intentions in the area of Justice and Home Affairs for the next five years. Ten years later, in December 2009, the European Union adopted the Stockholm Programme, with much more caution, and a little less optimism."

" Today, initiatives to harmonise policies might be 'self-defeating‘"

Photo: EPA

SWEDEN: a liberal exception in an increasingly closed EU?

THANK YOU!