Linking words

Definition Linking words help you to connect ideas

and sentences, so that people can follow your ideas.

For example:

For example For instance Namely

Types of Adding information Summarising Sequencing ideas Giving a reason Giving a result Contrasting ideas

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Adding information As well as

AlsoTooFurthermoreMoreoverApart fromIn addition toBesides

Recycling is an easy way to conserve natural resources; furthermore, it can help reduce garbage disposal costs.

Examples

Besides homework, there was nothing for you to do.

Summarising In short

In briefIn summaryTo summariseIn a nutshellTo concludeIn conclusion

In shortIn briefIn summaryTo summariseIn a nutshellTo concludeIn conclusion

We normally use these words at the beginning of a sentence to give a summary of what we have said or written.

To sum up, I would like to say that Sergio Markarian position seems to me to be very coherent.

Peru played bad against Venezuela. yesterday. In a nutshell: Disqualified.

Examples

The former, … the latterFirstly, secondly, finallyThe first point isLastlyThe following

Sequencing ideas

"Marketing and finance are both covered in the course. The former is studied in the first term and the latter is studied in the final term.

Examples

Due to / due to the fact thatOwing to / owing to the fact thatBecauseBecause ofSinceAs

Giving reasons

Due to the rise in oil prices, the inflation rate rose by 1.25%.

Since the company is expanding, we need to hire more staff.

Examples

ThereforeSoConsequentlyThis means thatAs a result

Giving a result

The company are expanding. Therefore / So / Consequently / As a result, they are taking on extra staff.

DATA: all are possible

Examples

ButHoweverAlthough / even thoughDespite / despite the fact thatIn spite of / in spite of the fact thatNeverthelessNonethelessWhileWhereasUnlikeIn theory… in practice…

Constrasting ideas

Unlike in the UK, the USA has cheap petrol.

While my sister has blue eyes, mine are brown.

In spite of the cold, she went out in shorts.

Examples

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