LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
-
Upload
david-f-maas -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
0
Transcript of LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
1/26
Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation
Tells how sound is producedTells how sound is produced
Tells the way in which the breathTells the way in which the breathstream is releasedstream is released
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
2/26
Classification of speech soundClassification of speech sound
Point of ArticulationPoint of Articulation
Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
3/26
ClosureClosure
Production of all consonant soundsProduction of all consonant soundsrequires varying degrees ofrequires varying degrees of ClosureClosure ininthe oral cavitythe oral cavity
The point ofThe point of maximum closuremaximum closure is calledis calledthe point of articulationthe point of articulation
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
4/26
Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation
The way of modifying the release of theThe way of modifying the release of thebreathstreambreathstream
The way in which the breath stream isThe way in which the breath stream ismodified during articulationmodified during articulation
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
5/26
Subdivision of consonantsS
ubdivision of consonants
Consonants are subdivided intoConsonants are subdivided into
large classes on the basis of thelarge classes on the basis of thetype of release of the breathtype of release of the breath
stream or the manner ofstream or the manner ofarticulationarticulation
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
6/26
Voiced or voiceless soundsVoiced or voiceless sounds
Voiceless sounds areVoiceless sounds areproduced by notproduced by not
vibrating the vocalvibrating the vocalbandsbands
/p/ /t/ and /k/ are/p/ /t/ and /k/ arevoiceless sounds orvoiceless sounds or
phonemesphonemes
Voiced soundsVoiced soundsrequire the vocalrequire the vocal
bands vibratingbands vibrating /b/ /d/ and /g//b/ /d/ and /g/
are voiced sounds orare voiced sounds orphonemesphonemes
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
7/26
StopsS
tops
Speech sounds articulated bySpeech sounds articulated by
stoppingstopping oror interruptinginterruptingthethebreath streambreath stream
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
8/26
Continuants
Continuants
Speech sounds which are notSpeech sounds which are not
stopped in the oral cavitystopped in the oral cavity
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
9/26
Production ofStopProduction ofStop
When a stop is produced,When a stop is produced, completecompleteclosureclosure occurs somewhere in the vocaloccurs somewhere in the vocaltract or oral cavitytract or oral cavity
PressurePressure builds up behind the closurebuilds up behind the closure
When released a slight explosion ofWhen released a slight explosion of
sound occurssound occurs
Sometimes stops are calledSometimes stops are called PlosivesPlosives
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
10/26
StopS
top
A speech sound produced byA speech sound produced by
stopping or interrupting thestopping or interrupting theescape of the breath streamescape of the breath stream
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
11/26
BiBi--Labial StopsLabial Stops
The initial sounds ofThe initial sounds ofputputandand butbut
are biare bi--labial stopslabial stops
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
12/26
Same manner of articulation butSame manner of articulation but
not same point of articulationnot same point of articulation Bilabial stopBilabial stop
ApicoApico--alveolar stopalveolar stop
DorsoDorso--velar stopvelar stop
PutPut
ToTo
KitKit
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
13/26
StopS
top
The escape of the breath stream isThe escape of the breath stream is
completely stopped behind acompletely stopped behind aclosure in the oral cavityclosure in the oral cavity--thenthenabruptly releasedabruptly released
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
14/26
ContinuantContinuant
ach sound which is not a stop is calledEach sound which is not a stop is calledaa continuantcontinuant
While stops requireWhile stops require complete closurecomplete closurecontinuants do notcontinuants do not
Continuants are produced withContinuants are produced with
varying degrees of closure in the oralvarying degrees of closure in the oralcavitycavity
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
15/26
FricativeF
ricative
A consonant produced by forcingA consonant produced by forcing
the breath through a verythe breath through a verynarrow passagenarrow passage
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
16/26
Production of fricativeProduction of fricative
Results from forcing the breath streamResults from forcing the breath streamthrough a narrow passagethrough a narrow passage
Can be characterized by audibleCan be characterized by audiblefrictionfriction
There isThere is notnotcomplete closure in thecomplete closure in thevocal tractvocal tract
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
17/26
The initial sound ofThe initial sound offorforis ais a
labiolabio--dental fricativedental fricative
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
18/26
SinSin andand TinTin samesamepointpointofofarticulationarticulation but differentbut differentmannersmanners of articulationof articulation ApicoApico--alveolaralveolar
fricativefricative
ApicoApico--alveolar stopalveolar stop
SinSin
TinTin
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
19/26
Fricatives have two classesFricatives have two classes
Slit fricatives force the airstreamSlit fricatives force the airstreamthrough an opening large horizontallythrough an opening large horizontally
and small verticallyand small vertically
/f/ /v/f/ /v// are slit fricativesare slit fricatives
Groove fricatives (sibilants) force the airGroove fricatives (sibilants) force the air
stream through a passage which is largestream through a passage which is largevertically and small horizontallyvertically and small horizontally
/s/ /z/ //s/ /z/ // // /// are groove fricativesare groove fricatives
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
20/26
AffricateAffricate
Combines the characteristics of aCombines the characteristics of a
stop plus a fricative in itsstop plus a fricative in itsproductionproduction
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
21/26
An affricate combines a stop andAn affricate combines a stop and
a fricativea fricative ////
////
[[t andt and ]]
[d and[d and ]]
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
22/26
ResonantsResonants
The quality depends upon theThe quality depends upon theproperties of the resonance chambersproperties of the resonance chambers
Resonants are produced withoutResonants are produced withoutaudible friction or explosionaudible friction or explosion
They are made by altering the size andThey are made by altering the size and
shape of the resonance chambershape of the resonance chamberThe breath stream has free passageThe breath stream has free passage
through the vocal tractthrough the vocal tract
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
23/26
Three classes ofResonantsThree classes ofResonants
NasalsNasals
LateralLateral
MedianMedian
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
24/26
NasalsNasals
Produced by releasing the breathProduced by releasing the breathstream through the nasal cavitystream through the nasal cavity
/m/ /n/ and // are nasal/m/ /n/ and // are nasal resonantsresonants
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
25/26
Lateral ResonantLateral Resonant
This sound is produced by allowing theThis sound is produced by allowing thebreath stream to escape along the sidesbreath stream to escape along the sides
of the oral cavity.of the oral cavity.
In the production ofIn the production of /l/ the apex of the/l/ the apex of thetongue touches the alveolar ridge but thetongue touches the alveolar ridge but the
breath stream escapesbreath stream escapes laterallylaterally along thealong thesides of the tonguesides of the tongue
-
8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011
26/26
Median ResonantMedian Resonant
This sound is produced by the breathThis sound is produced by the breathstream flowing down the middle of thestream flowing down the middle of the
oral cavityoral cavity
In the production of /r/ the tip of theIn the production of /r/ the tip of thetongue is raised,pointing back in thetongue is raised,pointing back in the
oral cavityoral cavityBecause the tongue points backwardsBecause the tongue points backwards
this phoneme is sometimes calledthis phoneme is sometimes called
retroflexretroflex