Limit Definition of the Derivative Mr. Miehl [email protected].
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Transcript of Limit Definition of the Derivative Mr. Miehl [email protected].
Limit Definition of the Limit Definition of the DerivativeDerivative
Mr. MiehlMr. Miehl
www.stoga.netwww.stoga.net
[email protected]@tesd.net
ObjectiveObjective
To use the limit definition to find the To use the limit definition to find the derivative of a function.derivative of a function.
SlopeSlope
SlopeSlope: the rate at which a line rises or falls: the rate at which a line rises or falls
For a line, the rate (or slope) is the same For a line, the rate (or slope) is the same at every point on the line.at every point on the line.
For graphs other than lines, the rate at For graphs other than lines, the rate at which the graph rises or falls changes which the graph rises or falls changes from point to point.from point to point.
SlopeSlope
This parabola is rising This parabola is rising more quickly at point more quickly at point A than it is at point B.A than it is at point B.
At the vertex, point C, At the vertex, point C, the graph levels off.the graph levels off.
At point D the graph At point D the graph is falling.is falling.
SlopeSlope
To determine the To determine the raterate at which a graph at which a graph rises or falls at a rises or falls at a singlesingle point, we can find point, we can find the slope of the the slope of the tangenttangent line to the point. line to the point.
How do we calculate the slope of a How do we calculate the slope of a tangent line?tangent line?
Video Clip fromVideo Clip fromCalculus-Help.comCalculus-Help.com
The Difference QuotientThe Difference Quotient
The Difference QuotientThe Difference Quotient
The The derivativederivative is the slope of the is the slope of the tangenttangent line to a graph line to a graph f(x)f(x), and is usually denoted , and is usually denoted f’(x)f’(x)..
To calculate the slope of the To calculate the slope of the tangenttangent line line we will use the we will use the differencedifference quotientquotient..
The Difference QuotientThe Difference Quotient
Limit Definition of the Derivative Limit Definition of the Derivative
The derivative is the The derivative is the formulaformula which gives which gives
the slope of the tangent line at any point the slope of the tangent line at any point xx
for for f f ((xx)), and is denoted, and is denoted
provided this limit exists.provided this limit exists.
0
( ) ( )'( ) lim
x
f x x f xf x
x
DerivativesDerivatives
The derivative of the function The derivative of the function y y = = f f ((xx) ) may be may be expressed as …expressed as …
'( )f x
'y
dy
dx
Prime notation
Leibniz notation
“f prime of x”
“y prime”
“the derivative of y with respect to x”
DerivativesDerivatives
The process of finding derivatives is called The process of finding derivatives is called differentiationdifferentiation..
A function A function differentiabledifferentiable at a point if its at a point if its derivativederivative exists at that point. exists at that point.
Limit Definition of the DerivativeLimit Definition of the Derivative
Use the limit definition to find the Use the limit definition to find the derivative of:derivative of:
2( ) 3 5f x x x
0
( ) ( )'( ) lim
x
f x x f xf x
x
Limit Definition of the DerivativeLimit Definition of the Derivative2( ) 3 5f x x x
0
( ) ( )'( ) lim
x
f x x f xf x
x
2 2
0
( ) 3( ) 5 ( 3 5)'( ) lim
x
x x x x x xf x
x
2 2 2
0
2 ( ) 3 3 5 3 5'( ) lim
x
x x x x x x x xf x
x
Limit Definition of the DerivativeLimit Definition of the Derivative
0
(2 3)'( ) lim
x
x x xf x
x
2
0
2 ( ) 3'( ) lim
x
x x x xf x
x
'( ) 2 3f x x
A formula for finding theslope of the tangent lineof f (x) at a given point.
Limit Definition of the DerivativeLimit Definition of the Derivative
Use the limit definition to find the Use the limit definition to find the derivative of:derivative of:
2( ) 8 1f x x
0
( ) ( )'( ) lim
x
f x x f xf x
x
Limit Definition of the DerivativeLimit Definition of the Derivative2( ) 8 1f x x
0
( ) ( )'( ) lim
x
f x x f xf x
x
2 2
0
8( ) 1 (8 1)'( ) lim
x
x x xf x
x
2 2 2
0
8( 2 ( ) ) 1 8 1'( ) lim
x
x x x x xf x
x
Limit Definition of the DerivativeLimit Definition of the Derivative
0
(16 8 )'( ) lim
x
x x xf x
x
'( ) 16f x x
A formula for finding theslope of the tangent lineof f (x) at a given point.
2 2 2
0
8 16 8( ) 1 8 1'( ) lim
x
x x x x xf x
x
DifferentiabilityDifferentiability
Not every function is differentiable at all Not every function is differentiable at all points. points.
Some common situations in which a Some common situations in which a function will not be differentiable at a point function will not be differentiable at a point include:include:1. Vertical tangent lines1. Vertical tangent lines2. Discontinuities (like a hole, break, or vertical 2. Discontinuities (like a hole, break, or vertical
asymptote)asymptote)3. Sharp turns (called cusps & nodes)3. Sharp turns (called cusps & nodes)
DifferentiabilityDifferentiability
DifferentiabilityDifferentiability
DifferentiabilityDifferentiability
DifferentiabilityDifferentiability
CALCULUS JEOPARDY!CALCULUS JEOPARDY!
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Answer:Answer:
It’s computed by finding the limit of the It’s computed by finding the limit of the difference quotient as ∆x approaches 0.difference quotient as ∆x approaches 0.
Question:Question:
What is the derivative?What is the derivative?
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Answer:Answer:
It’s used to find the slope of a It’s used to find the slope of a function at a point. function at a point.
Question:Question:
What is the derivative?What is the derivative?
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Answer:Answer:
It’s used to find the slope of the tangent It’s used to find the slope of the tangent line to a graph line to a graph f f ((xx)), and is usually denoted , and is usually denoted
f’f’((xx)). .
Question:Question:
What is the derivative?What is the derivative?
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Answer:Answer:
It’s used to find the instantaneous rate of It’s used to find the instantaneous rate of change of a function. change of a function.
Question:Question:
What is the derivative?What is the derivative?
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Answer:Answer:
It’s the thing we love most about calculus. It’s the thing we love most about calculus.
Question:Question:
What is the derivative?What is the derivative?
The The DerivativeDerivative is… is…
computed by finding the computed by finding the limitlimit of the difference of the difference quotient as ∆x approaches 0.quotient as ∆x approaches 0.
the the slopeslope of a function at a point. of a function at a point.
the slope of the the slope of the tangenttangent line to a graph line to a graph f f ((xx)), and , and is usually denoted is usually denoted f’f’((xx))..
the the instantaneousinstantaneous rate of change of a function. rate of change of a function.