Lighting. Types of Light Incident: comes directly from the light source Reflected: has come in...
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![Page 1: Lighting. Types of Light Incident: comes directly from the light source Reflected: has come in contact with some other material before entering our field.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e686/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lighting
![Page 2: Lighting. Types of Light Incident: comes directly from the light source Reflected: has come in contact with some other material before entering our field.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e686/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Light
Incident: comes directly from the light sourceReflected: has come in contact with some other material before entering our field of vision Our ability to see largely the result of
reflected light
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Lighting Director’s Goals
Meet artistic needs of the programGeneral Illumination needsDevelops a lighting plan so that all performers and parts of the set are lit as required/desired
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Measuring Light Levels
Measured with a light meter Video levels? Audio levels?
In footcandles (ftc)--amount of light falling on a surface one foot from the light with the illumination level of one candleAlso used, lux: About 10 lux = 1 ftc Measure incident & reflected
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Other lighting issues
1--Contrast Ratio: brightest to darkest: human eye 100:1, TV 30:1Sports Stadium daytime shots (shader) Monitors and adjusts the iris opening
AGC automatically adjusts2--Color Temperature: measure of the frequency of the light wave 3,200° K / 5,400° K / red / blue
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Lighting uses & objectives
Flat Lighting (shape/texture)
High-key / low-key for mood
Follow spot, limbo (subject ‘in limbo’ against softly lit cyc/cameo (subject lit & background dark)/ silhouette (subject dark & background lit)lighting-focus attn. More specific definition to follow--
…cont...
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Lighting uses & objectives
To imitate reality Shoot on a set for ‘outdoor shot’ Using lights shooting outdoors Bouncing light shooting outdoors Use of shadow and lighting effects ‘Natural’ look / invisible lighting
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Lighting Instruments
Quartz lamp 3,200° K 500 / 1,000 / 2,000 watts / 10,000
New High Speed Fluorescent (HSF) Traditional / HSF at 3,200° K
HMI bulb -- 5,500° K
NEWEST – LED, 5500° K
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Lighting Instruments
Spotlights Controlled beam / pinned & spread Fresnel
Other spotlights Ellipsoidal / leko / cutters / cookies
Barn doors / light pole / light stand
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Lighting Instruments
Floodlights Pans/broads --rectangular shaped Scoop -- Bowl shaped Strip lights for background Softlight -- bulb points inward
Sometimes covered with scrim or gels
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Three point lighting
Key --spotlight -- 35-40° angle
Fill -- flood or spread spot (1/2)
Back --spotlight (1.5-2x the key) Subjects and foreground Compare to background -- also important
Kicker --comes from the side over the camera left shoulder of the subject (added to 3-point lighting)
External lights must be eliminated / mixing light sources
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Lighting effects
Silhouette--subject is not lit; background is evenly lit
Limbo--subject is lit evenly; background is vague or nondescriptive
Cameo--subject is lit with a spotlight directly above; background is not lit
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Studio Lighting
Light Board / dimmers / pig tails
Grid vs. floor stand
Extension poles, c-clamp, safety
Inverse square law--as light to subject distance doubles, light level is reduced to 1/4 previous level ###