Lighting Analysis Project 1

LIGHTING ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENT

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ABSTRACT1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. OBJECTIVES & AIM1.2. SITE STUDY

1.2.1. INTRODUCTION1.2.2. SITE SELECTION REASONS1.2.3. MEASURED DRAWINGS

2. PRECEDENT STUDY2.1. CASE STUDY OF A FINISH RESEARCH UNIT2.2. CONCLUSION OF THE CASE STUDY

3. LITERATURE REVIEW & METHODOLOGY3.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1.1. WHAT IS LIGHT?3.1.2. LUMEN3.1.3. ILLUMINANCE 3.1.4. BRIGHTNESS & LUMINANCE3.1.5. DAYLIGHTING & ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING3.1.6. SECTION ASPECT RATIO (SAR)3.1.7. DAYLIGHT FACTOR3.1.8. LUMEN METHOD3.1.9. LIGHTING STANDARDS

3.2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.2.1. LIGHTING ANALYSIS3.2.2. DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT3.2.3. DATA COLLECTION METHOD3.2.4. PROCEDURE

4. CASE STUDY4.1. LIGHTING_PHYSIOLOGICAL ROOM

4.1.1. SITE STUDY & ZONING4.1.2. TABULATION & INTERPRETATION OF DATA4.1.3. LIGHTING FIXTURES & SPRECIFICATIONS4.1.4. DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS4.1.5. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS4.1.6. ANALYSIS & EVALUATION

4.2. LIGHTING_GYMNASIUM4.2.1. SITE STUDY & ZONING4.2.2. TABULATION & INTERPRETATION OF DATA4.2.3. LIGHTING FIXTURES & SPECIFICATIONS4.2.4. DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS4.2.5. ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS4.2.6. ANALYSIS & EVALUATION

5. REFERENCESABSTRACT

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This report consists of the study of lighting performance of an environment that is conducted at SOSCO Rehabilitation Centre, Melacca. In order to carry out the performance evaluation, we’ve requested the proper floor plans from the facilities management that govern the site buildings, and also produced elevations and sections for the ease of data collection. Collection of lighting performance data is carried out at the functioning hour of the building to quantify and qualify the existing condition of the site. All the data and drawings collected were then further used to carry out an analysis to study the performance of the building. All analysis is supported by technical input such as formulas and equations to calculate luminance of the environment. A list of figures and tables are used as well. A list of references is provided at the end of the report for the ease of navigation.

1. INTRODUCTIONDay lighting or natural lighting is the origin light source. Almost

every building must design a space for that to receive natural light. For lighting design, the enclosed spaces, colors, solid volumes and the texture can only be appreciated fully when they are imaginatively lit. Light is always design at the place where people gather around. Especially at night, light is very crucial as it can lead people to places they wanted to go.

In short, this project is design to expose and introduce us today lighting and lighting requirement in a suggested space. In a group of 7, we have chosen SOSCO Rehabilitation Centre, Melacca, as our site study. We have conducted several site visits to ensure the success of the project outcome. Measurement and calculations of the lighting readings and site measurement are done during the visits and after the visit respectively. Lastly, we concluded the analysis based on the results of our findings and observations.

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1.1 Objectives & Aim

1. To understand the characteristics of day-lighting and artificial lighting.

2. To understand the lighting requirement in a suggested place.3. To determine the characteristics and function of day lighting and

artificial lighting within the intended space.4. To critically report and analyze the space and suggest methods to

improvise the lighting qualities within the space for intended uses.5. To understand the impact of building construction technology and

building materials on lighting.6. To determine the lighting requirements based on lighting inadequacy.7. To determine the different types of lighting throughout the project.

The primary objective of this project is to impart the understanding of the lighting and characteristic and requirement in a suggested space, thereby determine their functions and various factors affecting it. With the data collected and the relevant knowledge, an analysis is to perform to evaluate the suggested space with a critical mindset. Besides that, understanding the lighting layout and arrangement helps in determining the lighting requirements based on lighting inadequacy that is reflected in the data collection by using certain methods or calculations. Backed up with precedent studies, drawing comparison with the site study, our precedent studies will aid in achieving all the objectives above.

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1.2 Site Study

Case Study: SOCSO Rehabilitation Center, Melacca.Identification of space: Gymnasium rehabilitation space and physiotherapy room.Address: Pusat Rehabilitasi Perkeso

Lot PT 7263 [H.S (D) 18923]

Bandar Hijau, Hang Tuah Jaya,

Melaka, 75450, Malaysia.

1.2.1 Introduction

SOCSO Rehabilitation Centre is located at Bandar Hijau, Hang Tuah Jaya, Melacca. It is a rehabilitation centre that consists of an administration block and 5 extended wings. Namely, The Gymnasium, Vocational, Physiotherapy, Hydrotherapy and The Speech and Audio therapy.

Under SOCSO’s "Return to Work" program, disabled patients undergo physical and vocational rehabilitation in order to rejoin the workforce. The architect, Anuar Aziz Architect, called this process the "Journey to Healing," where the patients will heal physically and mentally, and lead a normal working life after the rehabilitation process.

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The allied health institute will provide the skilled personnel. This green certified complex was designed with ‘nature’ and ‘spirituality’ integral to the healing process. A universal access-for-all concept and Malaysian Standard for disabled access is applied throughout.

The concept of the building is each building is given a different identity according to functions and ease of way finding. Calming and soft colors are utilized throughout the complex.

1.2.2Site Selection Reasons

Based on observation, the building provides sufficient functional spaces to conduct out an analysis on lighting conditions. The gymnasium space and the physiological therapy space with specific function would help us develop an understanding on how to manage a lighting level to achieve comfort for users based on different programs and functions.

In terms of lighting properties, the gymnasium space and the physiological therapy space can be categorized into semi enclosed space. Array of natural day lighting can be found are design in both spaces, the spaces also aids with a series of artificial lighting. As for the choices of materials, the spaces uses materials that is visually and psychologically comfortable for users in order to allow the patient to feel calmer in a sense. The choices of finishes found are in a calmer tone.

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1.2.3Measured Drawings

Figure 1: Floor Plan of Physiotherapy Room

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Figure 2: Floor plan of Gymnasium Room

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2. PRECEDENT STUDY2.1 Case study of a finish research unitPlace: Finland (Helsinki)Building type: Office Building

Figure 3: Page 1 of 9 of the case study.

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2.2 Conclusion of the case study: Based on the case study of the Finnish office, it can be seen that the

site of the case study are quite similar to our site as it is an semi enclosed space that has a row of day lighting source on a side of the space.

The research team had documented the positions of the lighting fixtures in that spaces as well as the types of fixtures used. The measurement they did included measuring the illuminance as well as comparing them to the power consumption of the space used thoroughly during the day and during the whole week.

At the end of the study, the team had concluded their finding to see if the finding regarding the power consumptions of the building is the average power consumptions in Finland’s, this would be benchmarking so that would further understand the performance of the building.

Reflecting on the study, we could enhance our own study and research by conducting an analysis and benchmark our findings to the standards of the requirement, this would let us understand how is our building performing in term of lighting.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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3.1 Literature Review3.1.1 What is Light?

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The word usually refers to visible light, which is visible to the human eye and is responsible for the sense of sight.

The main source of light on Earth is the Sun. The primary properties of visible light are intensity, propagation direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum, and polarization, while its speed in a vacuum, 299,792,458 meters per second, is one of the fundamental constants of nature.Lighting in Architecture

“Architecture is the skillful, accurate and magnificent plays of volumes seen in light.” -Le Corbusier In architectural competitions, light has often been a mentioned term in the jury’s comments; even if it has not been a criterion of the program.

Light is the most important factor in the appreciation and understanding of Architecture. The relationship between light and architecture is grounded in the principles of physics; it is about energy and matter but in this particular case it also implies an emotional effect on people. Generally in form of daylight, the generous use of both sunlight and skylight in the spaces is considered positive; adding tremendous value to the architectural object. The dynamic daylight and the controlled artificial lighting are able to affect not only distinct physical measurable conditions in a space, but also to instigate and provoke different visual experiences and moods.

3.1.2 LumenLumen The lumen (lm) is the SI derived unit of luminous flux, a

measure of the total “amount” of visible light emitted by a source. Luminous flux differs from power (radiant flux) in that luminous flux measurements reflect the varying sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light, while radiant flux measurements indicate the total power of all electromagnetic waves emitted, independent of the eye’s ability to perceive it. Thus the amount of light emits in all direction is determined by its lumen value.

3.1.3 Illuminance

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_constant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensity_(physics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_perception

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation

The lux (lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal to one lumen per square meter. In photometry, this is used as a measure of intensity as perceived by the human eye, of light that hits or passes through a surface

3.1.4 Brightness & Luminance Brightness and luminance are two closely related terms. The brightness of an object refers to the subjective perception of an individual; luminance of an object is usually subject to the objective measurements of a lux meter. (Lechner, 2009)

3.1.5 Daylighting & Artificial Lighting Daylighting is usually utilized as a design features in building to

create a more aesthetically pleasing and interesting atmosphere for the users within, it usually provides a link upwards or sideward to the outdoor environment while distributing a dynamic share of natural light. (Ander, 2003) Although the result of daylighting is always visually rich, it is hard to ignore the fact that natural daylighting may bring in an excessive amount of heat in the process. Besides, it is almost impossible for architects to design without taking artificial lighting into consideration as a building is compulsory to be able to function day and night.

It is more than adding skylights and large perforation to building envelope to succeed in daylighting design, it involves thoughtful integrations of design strategies in which heat gain, glare, variation of light availability and direct light penetration are taken into account. (Ander, 2003) It is essential in the art and science of daylighting to provide enough daylighting without its possible undesirable effects. Artificial lighting on the other hand is usually employed in specific spaces as it is best used to create a constant ambience when daylight is absent. It is essential for architects to consider the brightness of artificial lighting as it is a major factor which influences the quality of space illumination greatly.

3.1.6 Section Aspect Ratio (SAR) The section aspect ratio affects day lighting, passive heating and cooling factors around the light well area in our site. According to Ander, a

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high SAR effectively eliminates the amount of solar radiation that will reach the lower portions of the space.However in our case study, the height of the courtyard is not as tall as one in an atrium, therefore its lower SAR is ideal for day lighting and radiative cooling.

3.1.7 Daylight Factor The concept of Daylight Factor (DF) was developed in the United Kingdom in the early 20th century. Daylight Factor is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination available indoors relative to the illumination present outdoors at the same time under overcast skies.

Figure 12: Daylight factor and distribution. (Source: MS1525, 2007)

3.1.8 LUMEN METHODLumen Method is used to determine the number of lamps that should be installed for a given or particular room to achieve uniform light distribution. The number of lamps is determined by the following formula.

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Figure 13: Typical lumen maintenance and lamp survival data. (Source: SSL code for lighting, 2013)

Figure 14: Luminaire categories and a list of typical locations where the various environmental conditions may be found (Source: SSL code for

lighting, 2013)

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Figure 15: Typical changes in light output from a luminaire caused by dirt deposition, for a number of luminaire and environment categories.

(Source: SSL code for lighting, 2013)

Figure 16: Typical changes in the illuminance from an installation that occur with time due to dirt deposition on the room surfaces. (Source: SSL

code for lighting, 2013)

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3.1.9 Lighting standards

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Lighting must proving a suitable visual environment within a particular space conforming to the Code of Practice on Energy Efficiency and Use of Energy. Sufficient and suitable lighting should be provided to a restaurant in order to achieve the desired atmosphere and appearance.

Figure 17: Recommended average luminance levels. (Source: MS1525, 2007)

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3.2 Research Methodology3.2.1 Light AnalysisThe day lighting and artificial lighting in a space can be analyzed and studied to create a space with good and comfortable lighting quality. With the data collected from the site with specific equipment, the data is tabulated and translated into analysis information.3.2.2 Description of Equipment(a) Light Measuring Equipment (Digital Lux Meter)

An electronic device which measures luminous flux per unit area and illuminance level. The device picks up accurate reading as it is sensitive to illuminance.FEATURES

Sensor with exclusive photo diode, multi-colour correction filters and spectrum meeting C.I.E. standardSensor COS correction factor meets standard

Separate light sensor allows user to take measurements of an optimum positionPrecise, easy read out and wide range

High accuracy in measuring

Built-in low battery indicator

LSI-circuit provides high reliability and durability

LCD display provides low power consumption

Compact, light-weight and excellent operation

LCD display can clearly read out even with high ambient light

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Figure 18: Electronic device for light measuring

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

Display 13mm (0.5”) LCD

Ranges 0-50,000 Lux w/ 3 ranges

Zero Adjustment Internal adjustment

Over-input Indication of “1”

Sampling Time 0.4 second

Sensor Structure Exclusive photo diode and colour correction filter

Operating Temperature

0 to 50c (32 to 122 F)

Operating Humidity Less than 80% R.H.

Power Supply DC 9V battery. 006P MN1604 (PP3) or equivalent

Power Consumption Approximately DC 2 mA

Dimension Main Instrument : 108 x 73 x 23 mmSensor Probe : 82 x 55 x 7 mm

Weight 160g (0.36 LB) with batteries

Accessories 1 instruction manual and 1 carrying case

ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Range Resolution Accuracy

2,000 Lux 1 Lux ± (5% + 2d)

20,000 Lux 10 Lux ± (5% + 2d)

50,000 Lux 100 Lux ± (5% + 2d)

Note:Accuracy tested by a standard parallel light tungsten of 2856k temperature

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(b) Smartphone [OnePlus One]

An additional recording device is used as a result comparison with the digital Lux meter. A median result is then obtained and will be averaged in the recordings table. (b) Measuring Tape

The tape is used to measure a constant height of the position of the sound meter, which is at 1m. The height is taken on one person as reference to obtain an accurate reading.(c) Camera [a7ii Sony]

The camera is used to record pictures on the source of sound in the cafe and its surrounding.

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3.2.3 Data Collection MethodWe placed the flux meter at the same height of 1m and 1.5m for each point in order to obtain an accurate reading. The readings were recorded on a plotted plan with 1.5m x 1.5m gridlines.

Figure 19: Position of Lux Meter at 1m & 1.5m

3.2.4 Procedure1. Push the Power Switch to switch on the device.2. Select the desired measuring range (10 LUX).3. Record the Lux by holding the Sensor Probe at the desired height of

measurement (1m and 1.5m).4. Record the data displayed on the LCD of the device.5. Repeat steps 3 & 4 until all data are completed.

Top:A smart phone is used to also record additional Lux results for comparison reasons.Left:Artificial lighting can be seen being used on the ceiling while natural lighting can be seen entering the space from the clerestory windows and the glass doors and windows.#

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4. CASE STUDY4.1 LIGHTING_PHYSIOLOGICAL ROOM4.1.1 Site Study & Zoning

Figure 20: Grid Line & Colour Zoning of Physiological Room

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Artificial Lighting & Day Lighting Site Study

Figure 21: Section A – A’ to show artificial lightingAbove section illustrated the type of lighting applied in the physiological room. The selection of light fixtures was based on its method of light distribution to accommodate the functions of spaces. Recessed Ceiling Light give the direct lighting to the stuffs and patients activities level and provide clear view for the environment.

Figure 22: Section B – B’ to show daylightThe above section indicates the sources of daylight to illuminate the interior spaces. Daylight intensity is higher in the zone (blue & green). This is due to the placement of glass windows at the facade. Daylight provides an alternative light source for interior space.

4.1.2 Tabulation & Interpretation of Data

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Reading of light data were measured and recorded at the level of 1.0M and 1.5M respectively. The colors indicate zoning of the spaces as shown in the legend.

PHYSIOLOGY ROOM LIGHT DATA (LUX)A B C D E F G H

HEIGHT HEIGHT HEIGHT HEIGHT HEIGHT HEIGHT HEIGHT HEIGHT1.5M 1.0M 1.5M 1.0M 1.5M 1.0M 1.5M 1.0M 1.5M 1.0M 1.5M 1.0M 1.5M 1.0M 1.5M 1.0M

1 99 155 115 135 129 100 250 201 293 380 650 612 841 695 930 6822 315 289 295 250 395 268 359 386 453 360 741 651 1052 1130 1151 9993 250 346 350 360 256 180 245 230 200 257 685 524 895 751 1179 8334 340 329 298 315 352 251 314 279 333 377 958 854 1142 1036 1273 11735 363 342 369 298 358 315 408 368 421 450 571 512 602 599 625 6296 422 390 365 325 282 245 456 362 525 499 781 598 958 1105 1311 15907 400 389 357 315 369 328 532 475 565 543 852 562 841 785 940 7328 230 309 298 315 452 481 562 527 660 680 810 750 1058 902 1130 10409 259 214 259 264 514 345 526 452 597 566 852 650 928 862 1150 106010 312 256 362 278 298 236 425 350 542 510 1045 560 1236 1150 1350 125911 215 183 286 129 250 224 560 512 620 586 814 741 1145 1045 1265 1213

LEGENDSZONE 1 ZONE 3ZONE 2 ZONE 4

Table 23: Light Data of Operation HourThe light data collected above show the data during operation hour, 12pm to 2.40pm is the lunch hour. Staff of the Physiological Room will turns out to lunch and the room will be closed. The zoning is separated by patient’s activities zone and stuff working zone.

4.1.3 Lighting Fixtures & SpecificationsProduct Brand Philips LightingLamp Luminous Flux (lm) 322.4Light Outputs (lm) 2500Rated Colour Temperature 3000kColour Rendering Index -Beam Width -Wattage 30Placement Recessed Louver

4.1.4 Daylight Factor AnalysisDaylight Factor Calculation

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Zone Type Daylight Level in

Malaysia E˳ (Lux)

Average Lux Reading based

on collected data, Ex (Lux)

Daylight Factor, DF = (Ex / E˳) x 100%

1Yellow

Patient Activities

Area

32000 334.53 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (334.53 / 32000) x 100%= 1.05%

2Red

Stuff Working Area

32000 338.5 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (338.5 / 32000) x 100%= 1.06%

3Blue

Patient Activities

Area

32000 804.22 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (804.22 / 32000) x 100%= 2.51%

4Green

Patient Activities

Area

32000 1002.13 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (1002.13 / 32000) x 100%= 3.13%

DAYLIGHT SIMULATION ANALYSIS

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Figure 4.1.4a: Daylight Contour Diagram

DiscussionFrom the calculation, illuminance of zone 3 & zone 4 are higher than zone 1 & zone 2. Zone 3 and zone 4 are near to windows which allow daylight to illuminate the spaces. Based on the MS 1525, Daylight Factor of Physiological Room is in average performance.

4.1.5 Artificial Lighting AnalysisZone 1: Patient Activities Area

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Figure 24: Lighting Fixtures in Zone 1

Fixture PropertiesIndication

Image Light Type Unit(s)

Light Distribution

Light Distribution Description

Philips lighting Brightboost TLF T-8 Fluorescent Tube

20 -Offer long life and energy savings in an environmentally responsible light bulb. -Come in Natural light.

Material PropertiesComponent Material Colour Surface Reflectan

ce Value Surface Area

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Finish (%) (m2)Wall Plastered

Brick WallLight blue

Matte 80 73.5

Floor Terrazzo Flooring

Blue Gloss 20 101.25

Sliding Door Glass Panel

Translucent

Transparent

8 5

Window Aluminium Frame

White Matte 80

Glass Panel

Translucent

Transparent

8

CeilingGypsum Ceiling

White Matte 80 45

FurnitureRobotic Gait

White Gloss 80

Robotic Gait Bed

White Gloss 80

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Sink White Gloss 90

Chair Black Matte 10

Table & cupboard

Gray Matte 80

Lumen Method CalculationDimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 13.5 x 7.5

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Total Floor Area (m²) 101.25Standard Illumination Required (lux)

200

Type of Lighting Fixture Philips LightingNumber of Lighting Fixture / N 24Lumen of Lighting Fixture / F (lm)

2500

Height of Luminaries (m) 3.1Height of Working Plan (m) 0.8Mounting Height / H (m) 2.3Reflection Factors Ceiling : 0.8

Wall : 0.8Floor : 0.2

Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 13.5 x 7.5 / 2.3 x (13.5 + 7.5)= 2.10

Utilisation Factor / Refer Chart 0.46Maintenance Factor 0.8Illuminance Level / E (lux)

E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=24 x 2500 x0.46 x 0.8101.25

E=218.07

DiscussionAccording to MS 1525, standard illuminance for the physiological room is 200 lux. Illuminance level for our site from calculation is 218.07 lux which met the standard requirement.

Zone 2: Stuff Working Area

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Light Distribution




Material Properties

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Component Material Color Surface Finish

Reflectance Value (%)

Surface Area (M2)

Wall Plastered Brick Wall

Light blue

Matte 80 32


Blue Gloss 20 33.75

Ceiling Gypsum Ceiling

White Matte 80 33.75

Furniture Chair Orange Matte 50

Working desk

White Matte 80

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Door Gray Matte 80

Lumen Method CalculationDimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 4.5 x 7.5Total Floor Area (m²) 33.75Standard Illumination Required (lux)

300 - 400


322.4



Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 4.5 x 7.5 / 2.3 x (4.5 + 7.5)= 1.22


E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=8 x 2500x 0.4 x 0.833.75

E=¿ 189.63


Zone 3: Patient Activities Area

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Light Distribution




Material Properties

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Surface Area (M2)


Light blue

Matte 80 68.25


Blue Gloss 20 81

Sliding door Glass Panel

Translucent

Transparent

8 5

Window Aluminum Frame

White Matte 80 8

Glass Panel

Translucent

Transparent

8


White Matte 80 36


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Table Brown Matte 50

Stool #1 Gray Matte 80

Stool #2 Black Matte 10

Bed Blue Matte 10

Rehab Walking Devices

Black Matte 10

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Rehab Stair Devices

Black Matte 10

Lumen Method CalculationDimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 13.5 x 6Total Floor Area (m²) 81Standard Illumination Required (lux)

300 - 400

Type of Lighting Fixture Philips LightingNumber of Lighting Fixture / N 18

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Lumen of Lighting Fixture / F (lm)

322.4



Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 13.5 x 6 / 2.3 x (13.5 + 6)= 1.8


E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=18 x2500 x 0.46 x0.881

E=¿ 204.44


Zone 4: Patient Activities Area

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Light Distribution




Material Properties

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Surface Area (M2)


Light blue Matte 80 36.75


Blue Gloss 20 27


White Matte 80 4

Glass Panel

Translucent

Transparent

8


White Matte 80 27


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Yoga Mat Red Matte 40

Computer Desk

Brown Matte 50

Lumen Method Calculation

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Dimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 6 x 4.5Total Floor Area (m²) 27Standard Illumination Required (lux)

300 - 400


322.4



Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 6 x 4.5 / 2.3 x (6 + 4.5)= 1.12


E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=6 x 2500x 0.37 x0.827

E=¿ 164.44

DiscussionAccording to MS 1525, standard illuminance for the physiological room is 200 lux. Illuminance level for our site from calculation is 164.44 lux which do not met the standard requirement.Therefore, to meet the standard requirements, additional number of Philips Lighting is required to make up the insufficient illuminance.

N= E x AF xUF x MF

N=(200−164.44) x272500 x 0.37 x0.8

N=1.29 (2)

Hence, an additional two (2) number of Philips Lighting are required to meet the standard illuminance for Zone 4.

LIGHTING ANALYSIS DIAGRAM

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The above lighting analysis showed how installation of various types of luminaires in each space affects the light levels obtained. The lux reading is quite average in zone 1 and zone 2 but zone 3 and zone 4 is higher because it is near to the windows and affected by day lighting.

4.1.6 Analysis & EvaluationPhysiological Room provides comfortable patient activities spaces with thoughtful planning of spatial ambience quality. The luminaire is used to

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enhance the spaces experience, which gives sufficient lumen for patient and stuff activities and yet achieving the ambience. The quality of space will increase the comfortable of patient experience.ZoningBased on our observations and data collection in site visit, artificial lighting for the physiological room is design according to the function of the space. Zoning of spaces allows energy efficiency in terms of energy usage according to the placement of various luminaires. Various luminaires were distributed based on the functional requirement of the spaces. The analyze area will have the hospital standards luminaire to provide sufficient lumen to the space.Day LightingAccording to the calculations of Daylight Factor, daylight penetrates into the interior during the morning and afternoon time is actually creating glazing, where the windows are used to inviting the glazing and allows day light to illuminate the patient activities space. However, only zone 3 and zone 4 patient activities area that are located near the windows are getting stronger day light luminance. Hence, based on data collection, the illuminance in zone 3 and zone 4 are higher than zone 1 and zone 2.

4.2 LIGHTING_GYMNASIUM4.2.1 SITE STUDY AND ZONING

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Figure 28: Grid Line & Color Zoning of Gymnasium

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING & DAYLIGHTING SITE STUDY

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Figure 29: Section A-A’ to show artificial lightingSection above show the type of lighting applied in the gymnasium room. The selection of light fixtures was based on it’s light distribution to function in the spaces. Recessed Ceiling Light give the direct lighting to the working level and provide clear view for the user.

Figure 30: Section B-B’ to show day lightingThe section above indicates the sources of day lighting penetrate in the interior spaces. Daylight intensity is higher in the one site of the gymnasium. This is due to the placement of full height glass panel. Daylight provide an alternative light source for interior space

4.2.2 Tabulation & Interpretation of Data

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Reading of light data were measured and recorded at the level of 1.0M and 1.5M respectively. The colors indicate zoning of the spaces as shown in the legend.

A B C D E F G

1 60 68 54 57 62 63 66Standing 917 834 883 1071 1074 1079 1225Sitting 800 752 758 911 1063 970 1000

2 65 66 57 59 65 67 68

Standing 1233 1187 1193 1162 1465 1435 1305Sitting 1097 967 1015 977 1050 1013 955

3 68 68 63 55 69 72 70


4 71 69 59 67 74 77 64


5 68 68 58 59 63 68 77


6 67 64 68 64 73 72 63


7 65 58 67 74 68 64 65


LEGENDS ZONE 1 ZONE 3 ZONE 2 ZONE 4

Figure 31: Light Data of Operation HourThe light data collected above show the data during operation hour, 12pm to 2.40pm is the lunch hour. Staff of the Rehab Gym Room will turns out to lunch and the room will be closed.

4.2.3 Lighting Fixtures & Specifications

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Product Brand Philips LightingLamp Luminous Flux (lm) 322.4Light Outputs (lm) 2500Rated Colour Temperature 3000kColour Rendering Index -Beam Width -Wattage 30Placement Recessed Louver

4.2.4 Daylight Factor AnalysisDaylight Factor Calculation

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Zone Daylight Level in Malaysia E˳

(Lux)

Average Lux Reading based

on collected data, Ex (Lux)

Daylight Factor, DF = (Ex / E˳) x 100%

1Blue

32000 952 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (952 / 32000) x 100%= 2.98%

2Yellow

32000 1039 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (1039 / 32000) x 100%= 3.25%

3Orange

32000 1254 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (1254 / 32000) x 100%= 3.92%

4Green

32000 1103 DF= (Ex / E˳) x 100%= (1103 / 32000) x 100%= 3.45%

DAYLIGHT SIMULATION ANALYSIS

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Figure 4.2.4a: Daylight Contour Diagram

DiscussionFrom the calculation, illuminance of zone 3 & zone 4 are higher than zone 1 & zone 2. Zone 3 and zone 4 are near to windows which allow daylight to illuminate the spaces. Based on the MS 1525, Daylight Factor of Gymnasium is in average performance.

4.2.5 Artificial Lighting Analysis

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Zone 1: Lifting Zone




Light Distribution




Material PropertiesComponent Material Color Surface Reflecta Surface Area

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Finish nce Value (%)

(M2)


White Matte 80 72


Blue Gloss 20 24

Sliding door Glass Panel Translucent

Transparent

8 5


White Matte 80 0.8

Glass Panel Translucent

Transparent

8


White Matte 80 24

Furniture Hexagon workout machine

Grey Gloss 15

Chair Orange Matte 50

Lumen Method CalculationDimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 4.7 x 6.2Total Floor Area (m²) 29.14

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Standard Illumination Required (lux)

300 - 400


2500



Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 4.7x 6.2 / 4.2 x (4.7 + 6.2)= 0.64


E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=4 x2500 x 0.28x 0.829.14

E=76.87

DiscussionAccording to MS 1525, standard illuminance for the gymnasium room is 300 lux. Illuminance level for our site from calculation is 76.87 lux which doesn’t met the standard requirement.

Zone 2: Treadmill Zone

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Light Distribution




Material Properties

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Surface Area (M2)


White Matte 80 90


Blue Gloss 20 31.5


White Matte 80 4.4


Transparent

8


White Matte 80 31.5

Furniture Treadmills Grey Gloss 15

Chair Orange Matte 50

Lumen Method Calculation

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Dimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 7.5 x 6.2Total Floor Area (m²) 46.50Standard Illumination Required (lux)

300 - 400


2500



Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 7.5x 6.2 / 4.2 x (7.5 + 6.2)= 0.80


E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=8 x 2500x 0.34 x 0.846.50

E=116.99


Zone 3: Rest Zone

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Light Distribution




Material Properties

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Surface Area (M2)


White Matte 80 72


Blue Gloss 20 24


White Matte 80 24

Furniture Hexagon workout machine

Grey Gloss 15

Low Roll machine

Grey Gloss 15

Lumen Method CalculationDimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 4.7 x 6.3

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Total Floor Area (m²) 29.61Standard Illumination Required (lux)

300 - 400


2500



Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 4.7 x 6.3 / 4.2 x (4.7 + 6.3)= 0.64


E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=4 x2500 x 0.28x 0.829.61

E=75.65


Zone 4: Cycle Zone

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Light Distribution




Material Properties

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Surface Area (M2)


White Matte 80 84.5


Blue Gloss 20 31.5

Door Aluminum Frame

Gray Matte 75 4

Sliding door Glass Panel Translucent

Transparent

8 5


White Matte 80 0.8


Transparent

8


White Matte 80 31.5

Furniture Cycling Machines

Grey Gloss 15

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Lumen Method CalculationDimensions of Space (L x W) (m) 7.5 x 6.3Total Floor Area (m²) 46.25Standard Illumination Required (lux)

300 - 400


2500



Room Index

RI= LxWH x (L+W )

= 7.5x 6.3 / 4.2 x (7.5 + 6.3)= 0.82


E=N x F xUF xMFA

E=8 x 2500x 0.34 x 0.846.25

E=117.62


LIGHTING ANALYSIS DIAGRAM

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The above lighting analysis showed how installation of various types of luminaires in each space affects the light levels obtained. The lux reading is affected by the day lighting as well. Thus it showed higher lux reading on overall space.

4.2.6 Analysis & EvaluationZoning

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Based on our observations and data collection in site visit, artificial lighting for each space is design according to the function of the space. According to MS 1525, standard illuminance for filling area is 300 lux. Average lux reading based on collected data is 1039 lux and the lighting Illuminance for our site is lower than the standard. Both of this data can show that the energy usage for the light bulb of this building is lower but the final average lux result is much higher than the standard illuminance due to wide opening window and door. Both doesn't meet the standard requirement, one is over the standard illuminance and one is much lower compare to the standard.

Therefore, this building has high energy efficiency which can reduce the cost for the electricity and achieve good illuminance level during working time.

Hence, electric appliances can reduce to save more electrical energy or reduction of opening can be consider to achieve more comfort area for the user.

Day LightingDaylight penetrates into the interior during the morning and afternoon time is actually creating glazing, where the openings are used to allow the glazing and day light to illuminate the activities space. According to the calculations of Daylight Factor, zone 3 and 4 are located nearer to the entrance and opening compare to zone 1 and 2 which located more inward.

Hence, zone 3 and 4 receive more light then zone 1 and 2 which affect the illuminance in zone 3 and 4 are higher.

5. REFERENCES

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1. Architectural Lighting. (n.d.). Retrieved from iGuzzini: http://www.iguzzini.com/Architectural_lighting

2. D. H., & E, R. C. (2011). Architectural Lighting: Designing With Light And Space. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

3. Lighting Solutions . (2014). Retrieved from MCLA Architectural Lighting Design: http://www.mcla-inc.com/

4. Performance in Lighting . (2015). Retrieved from PIL: http://www.pil-usa.com/

5. Steffy, G. (2002). Architectural Lighting Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons

6. Sundin, J. (2008). The Lighting. Retrieved from Architectural Lighting: http://www.archlighting.com/industry/reports/the-lighting-specificationprocess_o

7. T. P., & W. M. (2011). Daylighting: Architecture and Lighting Design. New York: Routledge.

8. Wymelenberg, K. V. (2014). The Benefits of Natural Light. Retrieved from Architectural Lighting: http://www.archlighting.com/technology/the-benefits-of-naturallight_o

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http://www.archlighting.com/industry/reports/the-lighting-specificationprocess_o

http://www.archlighting.com/industry/reports/the-lighting-specificationprocess_o

http://www.pil-usa.com/

http://www.pil-usa.com/

http://www.mcla-inc.com/

http://www.iguzzini.com/Architectural_lighting

Lighting Analysis Project 1

Data & Analytics

Transcript of Lighting Analysis Project 1