Light report compiled

ARC 3413 Building Science Project 1: Lighting & Acoustic Performance Evaluation and Design

TABLE OF CONTENT 1.0 Abstract

1.1 Aim & Objectives

1.2 Site Study

1.2.1 Site Introduction

1.2.2 Site Selection Reason

1.3 Technical Drawing

2.0 Lighting Performance Evaluation

2.1 Literature Review

2.1.1 Light in Architecture

2.1.2 Natural Day Lighting & Artificial Electrical Lighting

2.1.3 Daylight Factor

2.1.4 Lumen Method

2.2 Lighting Precedent Studies

2.3 Research Methodology

2.3.1 Lighting Measuring Equipment

2.3.2 Methodology

2.3.3 Data Collection Method

2.4 Case Study

2.4.1 Building Orientation

2.4.2 Neighbourhood Context

2.4.3 Surrounding Issue

2.5 Existing Lighting Condition


2.5.2 Existing Light Fixture

2.6 Lighting Analysis

2.6.1 Lighting Data Collection

2.6.2 Lighting Contour Diagram

2.6.3 Material Tabulation

2.7 Lighting Calculation Analysis

2.7.1 Zone A Calculation

2.7.2 Zone B Calculation

2.7.3 Zone C Calculation

2.7.4 Zone D Calculation

2.7.5 Zone E Calculation

2.8 Evaluation and Conclusion

1.0 ABSTRACT

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This report contains the details of the study conducted at The Dart Bar in regards of

lighting performances. This report contains the lighting performance evaluation and design. In

architecture, lighting design play significant roles in creating the most optimum environment for

its users. The qualities of a space can only truly be appreciated when it is imaginatively lit. The

excellent unification of the lighting of buildings and the lighting of its activities is what unifies the

building and makes it interpretable to its users to its best capabilities. Lightning play the

important roles in the making of the atmosphere of a space, it is very important to take into

account the many considerations required. Thus, through studies based on standards and

requirements for lighting should be included in the design process.

This project is intended to be completed in a group of 7 students to evaluate the

environment of choosing in terms of lighting performance. A case study was selected as well.

Included are the technical data such as formulas, equations and calculations that estimate

luminance levels for light. All orthographic drawings and diagrams were made with data

collected from measurements done on site. The analysis diagrams were made with Autodesk

Revit®, a BIM software. A list of figures and tables used as well as references are provided at

the end of the report to ease with navigation.

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1.1 AIM & OBJECTIVES

This report contains the details of the study conducted at The Dart Bar in regards of lighting

performances. This report contains the lighting analysis which aims to:

To understand the day-lighting, lighting characteristics.

To understand the lighting requirement in a suggested place.

To determine the characteristics and function of day-lighting, artificial lighting, within

the intended space.

To critically report and analyse the space and suggest remedies to improvise the

lighting qualities within the space.

This project also aims to provide a better understanding on the relationship between the

type of materials that are employed in terms of building materials as well as internal furnishings

and finishes as well as their impacts on lighting conditions in the building based on the

building’s functions. Understanding the volume and area of each functional space also helps in

determining the lighting requirements based on lighting inadequacy that is reflected in the data

collection.

In terms of lighting, specifications of luminaries, height of each type of light as well as the

existence of fenestrations will help to understand the lighting conditions within each space.

Backed up with precedent studies, drawing comparison with our site study, our precedent

studies will aid in determining the different types of lighting.

Backed up with precedent studies, drawing comparison with our site study, our precedent

studies will aid in determining the different types of lighting.

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1.2 SITE STUDY1.2.1 Site IntroductionCase Study : The Dart Bar

Address : 53, Jalan Puteri 1/4, Bandar Puteri, 47100 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia

Fig 1.2.1.1 –Site plan

The Dart Bar is located at Puchong, Selangor. It is a 4 story shop lot of ground floor in

which the design of relaxing atmosphere and eye catching signage when people pass by. The

bar utilizes a long narrow shop house floor plan, keeping the bar efficient and organized. It has

variation of zone dedicated for different uses which is well-suited for different activities to

ensure that every customer can have a better time.

1.2.1 Site Selection Reason

Based on observation, the building provides sufficient functional spaces for our

analysis of lighting. The outdoor café, indoor café, counter bar and kitchen, dart area and office

are what would help us develop an understanding on different lighting conditions of spaces that

facilitates different programs and functions.

In terms of lighting properties, the dart bar can be categorized into open, and enclosed

space. The arrangement of the space provides the site with an array of natural day lighting and

artificial lighting.

1.3 TECHNICAL DRAWINGS

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Fig 1.3.1 – Plan of selected site

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Fig 1.3.2 – Section A-A

Fig 1.3.3 – Section B-B

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2.0 LIGHTING PERFORMANCE EVALUATION2.1 LIGHTING LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1 Light in Architecture

Light is an important aspect that affects architecture. Light controls people’s behaviour and

emotions. The origin of light is natural light, which is also known as daylight. Light helps us

redefine the relationships of people with the environment and with themselves. It is divided into

natural light and artificial light. The dynamic daylight and the controlled artificial lighting are able

to affect not only distinct physical measurable conditions in a space, but also to instigate and

provoke different visual experiences and moods

2.1.2 Natural Day lighting & Artificial Electrical Lighting

Natural light is one of the most important elements in architecture, helping to transform spaces

and save energy. Natural light has always been important for architects. In a way, architects

sculpt buildings in order that the light can play off their different surfaces. If done well, space

and light can evoke positive emotional responses in people. However, it is almost impossible to

go on without electrical lighting taking into consideration that a building should function in both

day and night. Day lighting alone is not enough for some certain building typologies and

functions such as museums and galleries. It is important to understand how to balance in

designing with natural lighting and artificial lighting to achieve the best performing building.


Daylight Factor is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination available indoors

relative to the illumination present outdoors at the same time under overcast skies. It is used in

architecture to assess the internal natural lighting levels as perceived on the working plane or

surface, in order to determine if there is sufficient natural lighting for the occupants of the space

to carry out their normal duties. It is the ratio of internal light level to external light level.

Daylight Factor is defined as follows:

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Where, Ei = illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane,

Eo = simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere

of overcast sky.

Table 2.1.3 - Daylight factors and distribution (Department of standards Malaysia, 2007)

2.1.4 Lumen Method

The Lumen Method is used to determine the number of lamps that should be installed

for a given area or room, which in this case, we already have the number of fixtures, therefore

we calculate the total illuminance of the space based on the number of fixtures and determine

whether or not that particular space has enough lighting fixture.

The number of lamps is given by the formula:

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Where, N = number of lamps required. E = illuminance level required (lux)

A = area at working plane height (m2)

F = average luminous flux from each lamp (lm)

UF = utilisation factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room

surfaces.

MF = maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and

dirt.

Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half the wall area between the working and

luminaire planes:

Where, L = length of room

W = width of room

Hm = mounting height, i.e. the vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire

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2.2 LIGHTING PRECEDENT STUDIES

Case Study: Offices of a Finish Research Unit

Place: Finland (Helsinki)

Building Type: Office Building

Contact: Eino Tetri (Helsinki University of Technology, Lightning Unit)

Photos of the Place:

A B C

D E F

G H

Fig 2.2.1 – Visuals of the office

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Fig 2.2.2 – Office plan

Average installed lighting power density is 13.86 W/m2. Ceiling height in each space varies

between 2.26m and 2.94m where the height of the luminares is 2.26m and height of the work

plane is 0.72m. Daylight are available in each office room. Except for weekend, the rooms are

occupied between 7am and 5:30pm where cleaning is made in the afternoon.

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Luminaries Description & Geometry

Luminaire Type 1:

Figure 2.2.3 Photometry of the luminaire, Geometry of the luminaire, Luminaire ON, Luminaire OFF

Luminaire Type 2:

Figure 2.2.4 Photometry of Luminaire, Geometry of Luminaire, Luminaire ON, Luminaire OFF

Luminaire Type 3:

Figure 2.2.5 Photometry of Luminaire, Geometry of Luminaire, Luminaire ON, Luminaire OFF

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Measurements:

Calculation of average illuminances on work planes at full power.

D E A C H G F

Eaverage(lx) 588 671 610 728 723 716 806

Uniformity 0.71 0.78 0.64 0.71 0.80 0.69 0.65

Illuminances on the work planes of the three rooms lowered by the use of dimming control.

Room E:

Eaverage = 545 lx (80%), Uniformity = 0.7

Room A:


Room G:


Ratio of average luminances of work planes, walls, ceiling and floor to desktop screen

luminance are given in Table 1.1

Room Work Plane Walls Ceiling Floor

E 0.4 0.9 1.5 0.35

E 1.3 1.84 3.3 0.77

A 0.54 0.65 1.52 0.36

A 1.1 1.6 3 0.72

Table 2.2.1 - Ratio of the average luminance to desktop screen luminance.

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Power Consumption in the Offices during One Day

Figure 2.2.6 - Profile of total power consumption of the locales during 7 days

Figure 2.2.7 - Sample of power consumption in the offices during the day

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2.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Illumination in the bar has been evaluated in 2 different times of the day (14:00 and 22:00).

Significant changes in the values can be observed at the outside seats due to daylighting. In

the interior spaces, the amount of illumination on each down light, which is approximately

170cm high from the ground, dart machine has external L.E.D and monitor affect the lighting of

the space.

Figure 2.3.1 – Collecting data using Lux Meter

2.3.1 Lighting Measuring Equipment

Digital Lux Meter

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Manufacturer LUTRON Digital Lux MeterModel LX-101Dimension 108 x 73 x 23mm

Sensor Probe : 82 x 55 x 7 mm Lux Meter Ranges 0 – 50,000 Lux, 3 RangesSampling Time 0.4 SecondOperating Temp. 0 – 50 degree Celsius


2.3.2 Methodology

a) Preliminary study on the types of spaces to choose a suitable enclosed area for the study of

acoustics.

b) Measure and produce the technical drawings such as floor plans, sections and elevation

digitally based on on-site measurements.

c) After standardizing the drawings, determine the grid line of 1.5m x 1.5m

d) Delegate tasks among group members and clarify on the method of taking readings and

using the tools and equipment before data collection begins.

e) Collect data based on the proper procedures.

f) Observe and record the existing external and internal light sources.

h) Compile and tabulate the data or reading.

h) Carry out calculation and analysis. Draw a conclusion or recommendations at the end of the

analysis.

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It is used to capture the source of noise such as mechanical devices, speakers, and existing activities and also to record the existing materials in the environment.

It is used to determine the positions of the sound level meter from the ground level and also used to determine the 1.5m x 1.5m grid on the studying area.


Figure 2.3.2.1 – Plan of site with zoning

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2.3.3 Data Collection Procedures

a) Draw grid lines of 1.5m x 1.5m on the site floor plan to identify the position of data collecting.

b) Stand at the intersection point of the grid and hold the measuring device at hip level and eye

level.

c) Stand firm and prevent talking while taking readings.

d) Specify the light source that might affect the readings, such as people shadow.

e) Repeat the steps above for the rest of the intersection points.

f) Conduct the study for peak hour (12pm) and non-peak hour (9pm) to analyze different

acoustics condition at different hour.

Figure 2.3.3.1 – Using measuring tape as a guideline for 1.5m measuring tape.

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2.4 CASE STUDY2.4.1 Building Orientation

Figure 2.4.1.1 –Site Location

Figure 2.4.1.2 –Entrance of the Dart Bar

The main entrance of the building situated facing to east. The building entrance receives the highest amount of morning sunlight. The dart bar at the ground floor, opposite shop lots blocking most of the direct sunlight expose into indoor café.

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2.4.2 Neighbouring Context

Figure 2.4.2.1 –Entrance of the Dart Bar

The dart bar located at commercial block area, surrounding with 4 story shops. The building located at Jalan Puteri 1.Infornt of the building is typical commercial public car park lots.

2.4.3 Surrounding Issue

I. Good strategic direction

Since the Dart Bar is facing toward east, it is likely to receive high amount of strong morning light. However with the Dart Bar located at the ground floor and footway with shaded reduce the direct sun light penetration, influence light quality become dimmer.

In the evening, high rise building at the west blocking all the sunlight, rear door of the Dart Bar is enclosed, no sunlight able exposed into bar.

II. Loud Noise and Sound

The heavy traffic in the morning on LDP during working hours 8-10am contributes sound and noise pollution to the building, while the traffic remains as source of the sound pollution, the beeping sound of the traffic jam also disturb to the site. In the evening, the routine repeats as the heavy traffic starts to build up from 6-8pm.

2.5 EXISTING LIGHTING CONDITIONS

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2.5.2 Existing Light Fixtures

Type of artificial lighting source

Outdoor Café Zone

Product Brand Antique PLT Edison Bulb Luminous Flux 350Colour Temperature 3000K (yellow light)Colour Rendering Index 30Beam Angle 35Power 60WPlacement

Indoor Café Zone

Product Brand Philips Rox LED FL000/70/30

Luminous Flux 1100Colour Temperature 3000K (warm white light)Colour Rendering Index 80Beam Angle 90Power 15WPlacement Down light

Product Brand Philips Mesh Downlight

Luminous Flux 200Colour Temperature 3000K (warm yellow light)Colour Rendering Index 50Beam Angle 90Power 4.8WPlacement Bar table Down light

Product Brand OSRAM T8 26 mm Lamp Luminous Flux 3350Colour Temperature 2700K (warm yellow light)Colour Rendering Index 80Beam Angle 50Power 36WPlacement Display Box Lighting

Office Zone

Product Brand Philips Slim Downlight LEDLuminous Flux 1000Colour Temperature 2700K (warm white light)

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Colour Rendering Index 80Beam Angle 90Power 10WPlacement Ceiling Down light

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2.6 LIGHTING ANALYSIS2.6.1 Lighting Data Collection

Table 2.6.1.1 – Tabulation of Light Data at 2pm – 5pm (28/4/2016)

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Table 2.6.1.2 – Tabulation of Light Data at 10pm – 12pm (7/5/2016)

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Figure 2.6.1.1 – Grid line of the Dart Bar

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Figure 2.6.1.2 – Grid line of the Dart Bar

As in shown figure 2.6.1.1 illustrates the grid points of The Dart Bar, Puchong. As shown of figure 2.6.1.2 above is showing the division of zoning for The Dart Bar.

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Figure 2.6.1.3 – Cross section showing the artificial lighting of the Dart

The figure 2.6.1.3 above illustrates the type of lighting applied in the interior spaces. As shown the lights is located in Zone 3, Counter Bar & Kitchen. The selection of light fixture was based on its method of light distribution to accommodate the functions of spaces. Down light gives the direct lighting to the working level and provide clear view for the workspaces.

Figure 2.6.1.4 – Longitudinal Section shows the daylighting of TheDartBar

Figure 2.6.1.4 above indicates the sources of daylighting to illuminate the interior spaces. Daylight intensity is higher in the one site of TheDartBar compared to the internal spaces. This is due to the openness and window openings of TheDartbar at the left site of the section. While also the daylight provides an alternative light source for certain space of the interior inside.

Tabulation and Interpretation of data

There will be 2 set of readings for light tabulation data. The data were measured and recorded at the level of 1.0m (stomach level) and 1.5m (eye level) respectively. This applies to both data collection which were collected throughout day and night. Hence the colours indicate zoning of the spaces as show in the legend below accordingly.

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Table 2.6.1.3 – Light data (2pm-5pm)

The light data above shows the data collected during tea time hours of the day in The Dart Bar, Puchong.

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Table 2.6.1.4 –Light data (10pm-12pm)

The light data table 2.6.1.4 shows the data during night time, 10pm to 12am is mostly moderate-peak hour for customers to come in for activities around. Hence the customers like to hang around the indoor café and the dart areas. As the lights were dim enough to create a warm atmospheres to suit the customers’ needs to hang around the indoor café and dart area.

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2.5.2 Lighting Contour Diagram

Figure 2.5.2.1 – Position of lights in the Dart Bar

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Figure 2.5.2.2 – Night time light contour (10pm-12pm)

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Figure 2.5.2.3 – Day time light contour (2pm-5pm)

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2.5.3 Lighting Data Analysis

CATEGORIES MATERIALS COLOUR REFLECTANCE (%)

SURFACE TEXTURE

Wall Brick Cladding Brown 60 Rough

Wood Cladding Brown 60 Smooth

Concrete Black 10 Matte

Glass Transparent 8 Glossy

Ceiling Concrete Black 10 Matte

Plaster White 80 Smooth

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CATEGORIES MATERIALS COLOUR REFLECTANCE(%)

SURFACE TEXTURE

Floor Timber Flooring Brown 60 Smooth

Porcelain Tiles Grey 60 Glossy

Carpet Black with white strip

10 Smooth

CATEGORIES MATERIALS COLOUR REFLECTANCE(%)

SURFACE TEXTURE

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Furniture(Sofa)

Leather Black 10 Smooth

Furniture(Bar table top)

Granite Black 10 Glossy

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2.7 LIGHTING CALCULATION ANALYSIS2.7.1 Zone A Calculation

Dimension of room

(L x W) (m)

5.8 x 4

Total Floor Area /

A (m2)

23.2

Type of Lighting

Fixture

Antique PLT Edison Bulb

Number of Lightings

Fixtures / N

10

Lumen of Lighting

Fixture / F (lm)

350

Height of Luminaire

(m)

2

Height of work level

(m)

0.8

Mounting height

H (hm)

1.2

Reflection Factors Ceiling: Concrete (1.0)

Wall: Wood Cladding (0.6)

Floor: Timber Flooring (0.6)

Room Index / RI (K) (5.8 x 4) / (5.8 + 4) x 1.2

=23.2 / 11.76

=1.97

Utilization Factor / UF

Based on given

utilization factor table.

0.65

Maintenance Factor /

MF

0.7

Standard illuminance

(Lux)

200

Illmuninance Level - E (10 x 350 x 0.65 x 0.7) / 23.2

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(Lux) =1592.5 / 23.2

=68.64

Total illuminance level

/ E (Lux)

68.64

Discussion:

According to MS1525 standard illuminance for cafeteria is 200 lux. Illuminance of our site which

is 68.64 lux doesn’t meet the requirement.

Therefore, to meet the requirements, additional number of Antique PLT Edison Bulb is required

to make up the insufficient illuminance. Due to ceiling is make of concrete and there is only fan

attached. Calculation is as below:

= (68.64 x 23.2) / (350 x 0.65 x 0.7)

=1592.448 / 159.25

=9.99

=10

Hence, an additional ten (10) number of Antique PLT Edison Bulb are required to meet the

standard illuminance for the zone.

2.7.2 Zone B Calculation

Dimension of room(L x W) (m)

6.3 x 7.3

Total Floor Area /A (m2)

45.99

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Type of Lighting Fixture

Philips Rox LED FL000/70/30

Philips Mesh Downlight

Number of Lightings Fixtures / N

1 6

Lumen of Lighting Fixture / F (lm)

1100 200

Height of Luminaire(m)

2.4 2.25

Height of work level (m)

0.8

Mounting height H (hm)

1.6 1.45

Reflection Factors Ceiling: Concrete (1.0)Wall: Brick Cladding (0.6)Floor: Timber Flooring (0.6)

Room Index / RI (K) (6.3 x 7.3) / (6.3 + 7.3) x 1.6

=45.99 / 21.76= 2.11

(6.3 x 7.3) / (6.3 + 7.3) x 1.45

=45.99 / 19.72=2.33

Utilization Factor / UFBased on given utilization factor table.

0.58 0.65

Maintenance Factor / MF 0.7

Standard illuminance (Lux)

200

Illmuninance Level - E (Lux) (1 x 1100 x 0.58 x 0.7) / 45.99=446.6 / 45.99=9.7

(6 x 200 x 0.65 x 0.7) / 45.99=546 / 45.99=11.87

Total illuminance level / E (Lux)

9.7 + 11.87=21.57

Discussion:

According to MS1525 standard illuminance for cafeteria is 200 lux. Illuminance of our site which is 21.57 lux doesn’t meet the requirement.

Therefore, to meet the requirements, additional number of Philips Rox LED FL000/70/30

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is required to make up the insufficient illuminance. Due to ceiling is make of concrete and there is only fan attached. Calculation is as below:

= (21.57 x 45.99) / (1100 x 0.58 x 0.7)

=992 / 446.6

=2.22

=2

Hence, an additional two (2) number of Philips Rox LED FL000/70/30 are required to meet the standard illuminance for the zone.

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2.7.3 Zone C Calculation

Discussion:

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4.2 x 7.3


30.66





4 6


1100 200


2.4 2.25


0.8


1.6 1.45


Room Index / RI (K) (6.3 x 7.3) / (6.3 + 7.3) x 1.6

=45.99 / 21.76= 2.11

(6.3 x 7.3) / (6.3 + 7.3) x 1.45

=45.99 / 19.72=2.33


0.58 0.65



200

Illmuninance Level - E (Lux) (1 x 1100 x 0.58 x 0.7) / 45.99=446.6 / 45.99=9.7

(6 x 200 x 0.65 x 0.7) / 45.99=546 / 45.99=11.87


9.7 + 11.87=21.57


According to MS1525 standard illuminance for cafeteria is 200 lux. Illuminance of our site which is 21.57 lux doesn’t meet the requirement.

Therefore, to meet the requirements, additional number of Philips Rox LED FL000/70/30

is required to make up the insufficient illuminance. Due to ceiling is make of concrete and there is only fan attached. Calculation is as below:

= (200-21.57) x 45.99 / (1100 x 0.58 x 0.7)

= 8206 / 446.6

= 18.4

= 18

Hence, an additional eighteen (18) number of Philips Rox LED FL000/70/30 are required to meet the standard illuminance for the zone.

2.7.4 Zone D Calculation


6.9 x 7.3

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50.37



OSRAM T8 26 mm Lamp


5 4


1100 3350


2.4 1.8


0.8


1.6 1.0


Room Index / RI (K) (6.9 x 7.3) / (6.9 + 7.3) x 1.6

= 50.37 / 22.72 = 2.22

(6.9 x 7.3) / (6.9 + 7.3) x 1.0

= 50.37 / 14.2= 3.55


0.58 0.49



200

Illmuninance Level - E (Lux) 5 x 1100 x 0.58 x 0.7 / 50.37 = 2233 / 50.37= 44.33

4 x 3350 x 0.49 x 0.7 / 50.37= 4596.2 / 50.37= 91.25


44.33 + 91.25= 135.58

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Discussion:

According to MS1525, standard illuminance for dart area (lounge) is 150 lux. Illuminance for our site is 135.58 meet the standard requirements.

2.7.5 Zone E Calculation

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2.9 x 4.1


11.89


Philips Slim Downlight LED


Number of Lightings Fixtures / N 4 1Lumen of Lighting Fixture / F (lm)

1000 200


2.5 2.25


0.8


1.7 1.45

Reflection Factors Ceiling: Plaster (0.8)Wall: Concrete (1.0)Floor: Carpet (1.0)

Room Index / RI (K) (2.9 x 4.1) / (2.9 + 4.1) x 1.7

= 11.89 / 11.9 = 0.99

(2.9 x 4.1) / (2.9 + 4.1) x 1.45

= 11.89 / 10.15= 1.17


0.52 0.52



300

Illmuninance Level - E (Lux) (4 x 1000 x 0.52 x 0.7) / 11.89= 1456 / 11.89= 122.46

(1 x 200 x 0.52 x 0.7 ) / 11.89= 72.8 / 11.89= 6.12

Total illuminance level / E (Lux) 122.46 + 6.12 = 128.58


Discussion:

According to MS1525 standard illuminance for office is 300 lux. Illuminance of our site which is 128.58 lux doesn’t meet the requirement.

Therefore, to meet the requirements, additional number of Philips Slim Downlight LED is required to make up the insufficient illuminance. Due to the ceiling is made up of plaster. Calculation is as below:

= (300-128.58) x 11.89 / (1000 x 0.52 x 0.7)

= 2038.18 / 364

= 5.6

= 6

Hence, an additional six (6) number of Philips Slim Downlight LEDare required to meet the standard illuminance for the zone.

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2.8 EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION2.8.1 Improvement for Lighting

As the light analysis lux data collected & analysed, there are 4 specific insufficient zones that didn’t meet the requirement for MS1525 standard illuminance for specific zones as proven in our light analysis calculation & discussion. Those zones are zone A, zone B, zone C and Zone E. Based on discussion made in each of the calculation that zone A is lacking of 131.36 lux while zone B and C is lacking of 178.43 lux and lastly zone E is lacking of 171.42 lux. These 4 specific zones could have make some possible changes in order for them to have some improvement to adjust its lux values to meet standard MS 1525 standard illuminance requirement.

Hence, the material design of the surrounding could made some possible changes. The suitable material are mostly shiny surfaces. As mention those shiny surfaces could be tiles, marble, polished oak & possibility of timber polished as the shop is already furnished with timber floor. These materials could reflect the lighting well for the surroundings and also directly increases the lux of the specific spaces.

2.8.2 Limitations with Lighting

In zone C, It is a kitchen and counter bar which also didn’t meet its MS 1525 standard illuminance but the current ambience suits it working space as for serving customers as example. The working space might have lower luminance but it seems fits the design theme and it also function well enough for the workers to serve their individual customers. Even though zone C is having low luminance but the workers hence to use table lamp lights for energy saving purposes.

2.8.3 General Discussion for Lighting

In general, there are needs and desires to control different light levels in accordance with our daily activities and specific space requirement to create a certain desire effect. The careful control of illuminance is an essential to provide visibility, safety and emotional satisfaction for the cafe. As a designer we must take into consideration the surfaces finishes and texture of the space to achieve the desire ambience environment.

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3.0 REFERENCES

1. US-DOE, EnergyPlus V6.0. From US Department of Energy, Building Technologies Program, http://appsl.eere.energy.gov/buildingslenergyplusi, 2010.

2. A. Marsh, Autodesk e Ecotect, http://usa.autoclesk.comiecotect-analysis/, Autodesk

3. H. Wan, Y, Li, W. Yang, Analysis on the state, composition, and characteristics of industrial building energy consumption in Dongguan, Building Energy Efficiency, 33(1)(2007) 230-231.

4. Y.Y.N. Edward, K.P Lam, W Wu, N. Takehiko, Advanced lighting simulation in architectural design in the tropics, Automation in Construction 10(2001)365-379.

5. C.F Reinhart, S. Herkel, The simulation of annual daylight illuminance distributions e a state-of-the-art comparison of six RADIANCE based methods, Energy and Buildings 32 (2000) 167-187.

6. Neufert, Ernst and Peter. Neufert Architects' Data. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012

7. Electrical Lighting and Cable Selection. (2011, April 4). Retrieved October 13, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/Denuka/electrical-lighting-cable-selection

8. Altomonte, S. (n.d.). Daylight Factor Retrieved October 12, 2015, from https:// www.eclucate-sustainability.euiportaliit/print/2255

9. Recommended average illuminance levels. (2007). In Code of practice on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for non-residential buildings (first revision). Putrajaya: Department of Standard Malaysia.

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Light report compiled

Education

Transcript of Light report compiled