LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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Transcript of LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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READINGS
Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-11
Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America)
NB: Optional paper due May 28
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ANALYTICAL PAPER
8-10 pages (double-spaced)Prior approval of topic by [email protected]
Define a question or “puzzle”Explain choice of country (or site)Describe sourcesPresent evidenceConclude with (tentative) answer to question
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DETECTING ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
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The Rise of Electoral Democracy, 1972-2004
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Year
N C
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ntr
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Autocracy
Semidemocracy
Democracy
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THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY
• Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: Free and Fair Elections Citizen Rights
• Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights
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Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology
Citizen Rights Character of Elections
Free and Fair Free not Fair None
Expansive Liberal Democracy Liberal/Permissive Semidemocracy
(Null)
Limited Illiberal Democracy Illiberal/Restrictive Semidemocracy
ModerateDictablanda
Minimal (Null) Repressive Semidemocracy
Hard-LineDictadura
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Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999
Country___ __ N Killings__Colombia 36Peru 12Mexico 10Brazil 8Haiti 4Argentina 3Guatemala 3Venezuela 2Chile 1Dominican Republic 1Honduras 1Paraguay 1
Total 82
Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.
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Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s
_________________Regime____________________ Press____ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy Not Free 1 5 2 Partly Free 1 26 51 Free 0 0 47
Totals 2 31 100
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• FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive
• FH scores of 3-4 = Partial
• FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal
CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”)
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Table 1-2. Electoral Regimes and Civil Liberties, 1970s-2000 1972-79 Electoral Type Status of Civil Liberties* Dictatorship Semi-Democracy Democracy Minimal 22 0 0 Partial 88 3 10 Expansive 0 1 28 Totals 110 4 38
gamma = +.994
*Categorized as follows: Expansive=Freedom House scores of 1 or 2; Partial – Freedom House scores of 3-5; Minimal=Freedom House scores of 6-7.
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1980-1989
________________Regime___________________Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy
Minimal 15 1 0 Partial 59 30 41 Extensive 1 4 39
Totals 75 35 80
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1990-2000
_________________Regime_________________Civil Liberties___ Autocracy Semi-Democracy Democracy
Minimal 3 0 0 Partial 4 53 109 Extensive 0 2 38
Totals 7 55 147
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Figure 10-1. The Progression of Illiberal Democracy, 1970s-2000
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1972-79 1980-89 1990-2000
Period
Per
cent
Partial Civil Liberties
Expansive Civil Liberties
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Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population
N %Regime Type___ __Countries__ __Population__
Liberal Democracy 3 <5
Illiberal Democracy 11 60
Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33
Autocracy 1 2
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Liberal and Illiberal Democracy, 1978-2004
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1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Year
N De
moc
raci
es Illiberal
Liberal
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AND NOW…?
Liberal Democracy (n=7) Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Panama,
Uruguay
Illiberal Democracy (n=7) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru
Illiberal Semidemocracy (n=5) Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Venezuela
Authoritarian (1) Cuba
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Why Illiberal Democracy?
In case of center and center-right democracies, the illiberal regimes: Protect elite interests Control the popular masses Under the rubric of free and fair elections Thus gaining international approval.
In case of progressive “new left” regimes, the opposition: Has the money Has control of the press Does not play by democratic rules
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SO WHAT? CYCLES OF MASS POLITICS
Unfettered and “dangerous” democracy (e.g., reformists + Allende) [1950s-]
Military coups and authoritarian regimes [1960s-]
Democracy contained [1980s-]: Neoliberal economics, Washington
consensus Institutional constraints (e.g. MRO) Illiberal democracy
Rise of the “new Left” [1990s-]
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The End