LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012
-
Upload
os-culture -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
1
description
Transcript of LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012
![Page 1: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
INTRODUZIONE CORSO
1 OTTOBRE 2012
![Page 2: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
LA GRANDE PIRAMIDE (c.2450 a.C.) Un’ opera di 35,000 persone
![Page 5: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LE PRIME CIVILTA’Rare isole in un mare grigio di barbari
nate dal genio di pochiun’idea nata dall’ignoranza degli spazi intermedi e dei
meccanismi di formazione
![Page 9: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The story of the rise of Rome from a group of hills hosting a number of Latin-speaking tribes--to the
position of ruler of all the Mediterranean lands and Europe north and west beyond the Alps--is a story of
both myth and powerful fact. It is a tribute to their doggedness as military entrepreneurs and the
giftedness of their military leadership.
![Page 11: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Morgan, Henry (1818-1881)
American scholar, ethnographer, archeologist and historian of primitive society. Author of the book Ancient Society, published in London in 1877, which was the inspiration for Engels' The Origins of the Family, appeared
seven years later.
![Page 12: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Savagery -- the period in which man's appropriation of products in their natural state predominates; the products of human art are chiefly instruments which assist this appropriation.
Barbarism -- the period during which man learns to breed domestic animals and to practice agriculture, and acquires methods of increasing the supply of natural products by human activity.
Civilization -- the period in which man learns a more advanced application of work to the products of nature, the period of industry proper and of art.
![Page 13: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Friedrich Engels1820-1895
![Page 15: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vere Gordon Childe 1892 - 1957
Edinburgh 1954
![Page 16: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
V. GORDON CHILDE
![Page 17: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ELMAN R. SERVICE1915-1996
![Page 18: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Evolution of Social Formations
![Page 19: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150
Regioni sviluppateRegioni in sviluppo
miliardi
ANDAMENTO DELLA POPOLAZIONE MONDIALE
![Page 20: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
I dream’d in a dream I saw a city invincible to the attacks of the whole of the rest of the earth.I dream’d that was the new City of Friends; Nothing was greater there than the quality of robust love—it led the rest; It was seen every hour in the actions of the men of that city, And in all their looks and words.
A City InvincibleLeaves of Grass byWalt Whitman (1819–1892)
![Page 21: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CHICAGO, December 4-7, 1958
![Page 22: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Kraeling. CH & Adams. R.Mc C. (eds.) City Invincible, Chicago 1960
Lewis Mumford, Concluding Remarks :“The attractive power of the ancient citycomes not from its markets but from its gods…
As an instrument of culture, the city hasproved indispensable…..
![Page 23: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ROBERT McC. ADAMS
![Page 24: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
ROBERT McC. ADAMSLand behind Baghdad
1967
![Page 31: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
EARLY DYNASTIC III AND AKKADIAN SETTLEMENTS AND MAIN IRRIGATION NETWORKS EAST OF THE TIGRIS
![Page 33: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
VENCE GORDON CHILDE1892-1857
![Page 35: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Man Settlement and Urbanism, 197
PETER J. UCKO, RUTH TRINGHAM & G.W. DIM
![Page 36: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Ester Boserup1910 –1999
The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under
Population Pressure. Chicago: Aldine, 1965.
THOMAS R. MALTHUS1766 – 1834
![Page 41: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Archeologia.
![Page 43: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Robert e Linda Braidwood
Jarmo
![Page 46: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Coxcatlan CaveTehuacan Valley
![Page 47: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
KENT V. FLANNERYAND
THE SYSTEM THEORY
![Page 48: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Territory
TIME
Population
Resources
P
R T
![Page 49: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
CONFLUENCE & NUCLEATION
TRANSFORMATION
EXPANSION
![Page 53: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Pyramid of Control Systems
![Page 54: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
PASTORIZIA E NOMADISMOAGRICOLTURA IRRIGUA
![Page 55: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
EXPANSION
SEGMENTATION
NUCLEATION
![Page 56: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
……FOR AN EVEN MORE ELUSIVE WEALTH
![Page 57: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
PATHWAYS OF GROWTH AND CONDIVISION
EXPANSION
SPREADINGSEGMENTATIO
NS
NUCLEATIONS
HETERARCHYHIERARCHY
MULTIPLICATION OF
TRANSACTIONS
COMMUNAL HOUSES
SHRINES AND MARKET PLACES
TEMPLES AND MARKET PLACES
PALACES
KIN
SHIP
KIN
GSH
IP
![Page 62: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Territory
TIME
Population
Resources
P
R T
![Page 63: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
TRIBES AT WORK
ISLAND OF NIAS, INDONESIA 1946
![Page 66: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
ABOUT 8000 OF THEMARE STILL VISIBLE
PROUDLY LISTED AS NATIONAL MONUMENTS
![Page 67: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
THERE WAS NEITHER STATE OR SUPERTRIBAL ORGANIZATIONBEHIND THEM. LABOR WAS ORGANIZED ON COMMUNITY
BASES……
GARY S. WEBSTER (2001) HAVE WORKED OUT THE LABOR INPUTS FOR THE ENTIRE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS FROM STONE EXTRACTION TO FINAL LINE UP…..FOR A STANDARD TOWER MADE OF 3000 BLOCKS OF DRESSED STONES:
1. QUARRYING 500 MAN-DAYS2. TRANSPORT 1100 3. MASONRY 13004. LINE-UP 700
_____________________TOTAL 3600 MAN DAYS
USING SURPLUS LABOR TIME AND WITH PRIMITIVE TECHNOLOGIES, A POPULATION OF 100-200 PEOPLECOULD ACCOMPLISH THE WHOLE CONSTRUCTION IN FEW YEARS
![Page 68: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Crescita dei sistemi politici secondo “traiettorie di fluttuazione”
![Page 71: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
FACTORS OF SCALE AND ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE
![Page 72: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
THE VERY FIRST MONUMENTAL STRUCTURES IN EGYPT WERE NOT THE PYRAMIDS BUT
THE ROYAL ENCLOSURES OF THE FIRST DYNASTIES AT ABYDOS
![Page 73: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
EGYPT – Hierakonpolis-Enclosure of Khasekemwy
![Page 74: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
EGYPT – SAQQARA Djoser Complex
![Page 75: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
EGYPT – Labor Investment for Abydos GREAT ENCLOSURES
(Differences of volume are taken into account)
For most of the enclosures, although we do not know the original height and the precise characteristics of the Abydos Enclosures but on the bases of the Khasekhemwy’s enclosures at Hierakonpolis and Abydos, a valuable exstimation is still possible.The labor investment is based on the value calculated from Erasmus 1965, p. 292: 12,25 man-days labor investiment for a cubic meter of masonry at Uxmal.
![Page 76: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
THE GIZAH COMPLEX
![Page 77: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
EGYPT – Labor Investment for THE PYRAMIDS
The labor investment for the realization of the three pyramids. Differences of volume are taken into account.From left to right, the step pyramid of the Djoser, (2665-2645 B.C.), the first pyramid ever build, at Saqqara, then the two pyramid at Ghiza, Khufu , (2579-2556 B.C.) and Khafre (2547-2521 B.C.). Labor investment is based on figures calculated from Erasmus 1965, p. 292: 12,25 man-days labor investiment for a cubic meter of masonry at Uxmal.
![Page 78: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
LCW
AGRICULTURE TRANSPORTBUILDING
WATERWORKSEARTHWORKS ARCHITECTURE DEFENCE WORKSFORTIFICATIONS LANDWATER
TERRACES
RAISED FIELDS
LANDLEVELLING
SILOS
EMBANKMENTS
IRRIGATION
DRAINAGE
EMBANKMENTS & DAMS
BASINS & COLLECTORS
CANALS
BRIDGES
ROADS
MARINE INSTALLATIONS
BOATS
![Page 79: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
![Page 80: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
ESPANSIONE
SEGMENTAZIONE
NUCLEAZIONE
![Page 81: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
LEVEL 1 10 PERSONSLEVEL 2 100LEVEL 3 1000LEVEL 4 10,000LEVEL 5 100,000LEVEL 6 1,000000LELEL 7 10,000,000LEVEL 8 100,000,000LEVEL 9 1,000,000,000
LEVELS OF LABOUR OF LABOUR FORCE MOBILIZATION
THE GREAT PYRAMID AT GIZAH35,000 WORKERS
![Page 82: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
THE GREAT DIVIDE
HISTORICAL SCIENCES
SOCIAL SCIENCES
THEY EXPLAIN INDIVIDUAL
SITUATIONS IN THEIR
COMPLEXITY
THEY BUILD GENERALIZATIONS FROM VARIABLES IDENTIFIED IN HISTORICAL PHENOMENA
LAW-USING LAW-FORMULATING
THE NEW ARCHAEOLOGY CORE PROPOSAL WAS TO OVERCOME THE
DIVIDE WITHIN A SINGLE LOGICAL CONSTRUCT
![Page 83: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
![Page 84: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Greek Kylyx
Chinese BronzeMirror
THE ISSYK KUL “QUEEN”Saka Burial of the IV century BCE
![Page 85: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
TRADE: THE OTHER AND MOST INNOVATIVE RESPONSE TO SCARCITY
![Page 86: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
THE GREAT SILK ROAD
![Page 88: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
The most distinctive feature of his thought is his emphasis on group feeling and solidarity which he calls "asabiyah" from an Arabic root referring to paternal kinsmen. As its derivation suggests, asabiyah is found firstand foremost among blood relatives. Nonetheless, its real cause is not blood but "social intercourse, friendly association, long familiarity,and the companionship that results from ... sharing the ... Circumstancesof life and death." It is group feeling, Ibn Khaldun says, that makes possible all great social achievements, from religious reforms to the founding and defense of dynasties. Paradoxically, its necessity also ensures that social achievements never last, because successputs an end to group feeling by liberating desire and reducing the need for mutual responsibility. If fragmentation is the rule and community an exception, all human achievements become temporary deviations from chaos
![Page 89: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
![Page 91: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
LA FAMIGLIA ESTESA: PARAMETRO DI OGNI SOCIALITA’
![Page 92: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
IDENTITA’ INDIVIDUALE E…
SOLIDARIETA’DI GRUPPO
![Page 93: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
![Page 96: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
I PRIMATISONO
UNA STESSA FAMIGLIA
![Page 97: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
IL CORPO UMANO
![Page 98: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
LEONARDO DA VINCIE LA PERFEZIONE DEL CORPO UMANO
![Page 99: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
UNO STUDIO ATTENTO DELLEFORME E DELLE PROPORZIONI
DEL CORPO UMANO
![Page 100: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
![Page 101: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
![Page 103: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
I PIU’ FORTI DEGLI UOMINI SAREBBERO VINTI DA……….
![Page 104: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Carl Nilsson Linnaeus1707-1778
La Classificazione Scientifica degli Organismi Viventi
![Page 106: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Il merito maggiore di Linneo fu la definizione e l'introduzione nel 1753 della nomenclatura binomiale nel sistema di classificazione delle piante e degli animali. Con questo metodo tassonomico a ciascun organismo sono attribuiti due nomi (in origine in latino): il primo si riferisce al Genere di appartenenza dell'organismo stesso ed è uguale per tutte le specie che condividono alcuni caratteri principali (nomen genericum); il secondo termine designa la Specie propriamente detta (nome triviale o nome specifico).La portata dell’innovazione fu enorme; precedentemente alla nomenclatura binomiale il sistema di nomenclatura era semplicemente basato su un'estesa descrizione di ogni pianta, in latino, per i caratteri distintivi ritenuti di rilievo, in modo del tutto arbitrario, da ogni classificatore.
![Page 107: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Moscerino della frutta (Drosophila melanogaster)
Dominio Eukaryota
Regno Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Classe Insecta
Ordine Diptera
Famiglia Drosophilidae
Genere Drosophila
Specie D. melanogaster
![Page 108: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Alexander von Humboldt1769-1859
![Page 109: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
da Alexander von Humboldt, Geography of Plants, 1807. CHIMBORAZO, Ecuador
![Page 110: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
![Page 111: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
![Page 112: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
![Page 113: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
LA GRANDE PIRAMIDE (c.2450 a.C.) Un’ opera di 35,000 persone
![Page 114: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
![Page 115: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
![Page 116: LEZIONE 1 INTRODUTTIVA 1.10.2012](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022020308/568bd7611a28ab20349f82da/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
CONSEGUENZE DELL’USO DEL TERRITORIO