Lessons Learnt of Indonesia Disaster Experience in Tsunami

Ridwan YunusInformation Management Officer, BNPB

EAST ASIA SUMMIT RAPID DISASTER RESPONSE: SEARCH AND RESCUE LESSONS LEARNED SEMINARSYDNEY 20–23 SEPTEMBER 2015

Indonesia Maritime Continent

17,504 islands (1st in the world) 81,000 km long coastline (2nd in the world) Population 237 million people (4th in the world) Mega Biodiversity (10% plants, 12% of mammals, 16% of

reptiles, 15% fish,17% of bird in the world live in Indonesia) – 3rd in the world

13% or 129 active volcanoes in the world (1st in the world)

BACKGROUND

22/12/2009Footer 3

Hindia-Australia Plate

Eurasia Plate

Pacific Plate

5-6 cm/year

12 cm/year

Indonesia is located at 3 main tectonic plates which are active, they are Eurasia, Pacific and Hindia-Australia. The active tectonic

process there are many earthquakes, tsunami, volcano eruption and others.

INDONESIA’S MOST NOTABLE TSUNAMI DISASTER

The Great Sumatra Earthquake -Indian Ocean Tsunami

DisasterDecember 26, 2004

LOCATION

BEFORE AND AFTER THE DISASTER (DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI)

• SOURCE OF IMAGES: SPACE IMAGING/CRISP-SINGAPORE

• NOTE: A TSUNAMI TRAVELS AT SPEEDS OF ABOUT 800 KM/HR IN THE DEEP OCEAN

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

THE TSUNAMI

• THE EXISTING INDIAN OCEAN WARNING SYSTEM WAS INADEQUATE; SO EVACUATION DID NOT HAPPEN.

• TSUNAMI WAVES WITH WAVE HEIGHTS OF 4 TO 10 M AND INLAND RUNUP OF 3.3 KM OR MORE REACHED THE COASTS OF ALL INDIAN OCEAN NATIONS- - -

• WHOSE PEOPLE WERE UNEVACUATED AND UNPREPARED

IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER

• AS MANY AS 220,000 PEOPLE KILLED (MORE THEN 120,000 IN INDONESIA)

• --- AND 500,000 INJURED • URGENT NEED FOR FOOD, WATER, AND HEALTH

CARE SERVICES TO PREVENT “A HEALTH-CARE DISASTER AFTER THE TSUNAMI DISASTER”

• MILLIONS DISPLACED FROM HOMES• BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEEDED FOR RESPONSE,

RECOVERY, AND RECONSTRUCTION• INTERNATIONAL AID WAS COORDINATED BY UN,

USA, INDIA, AUSTRALIA, & JAPAN

Earthquakes and Tsunami

Aceh,2004

Jogja, 2006

Padang,2009

Mentawai, 2010

Nias, 2005

2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

IN :NATION RESILIENT

OUT :DRR KNOWLEDGE CENTER

EQ and TsunamiAceh-North Sumatra

YogyakartaDeclaration

2015

Disaster Management Law No. 24 / 2007

The role of National and Local Governments

Establishment of BNPB and BPBDs

Roles and Responsibility of Community in DM

Roles of Private sectors and International in DM

DM Implementation: pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster

Funding and Relief Assistance Management

Controlling, Monitoring & Evaluation of DM implementation

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PRE DISASTER DURING POST DISASTER

PREVENTION

MITIGATION

PREPAREDNESS

COMMAND

COORDI-NATION.

COORDI-NATION

EMERGENCY RESPONSE

COORDI-

NATION

RECOVERY

ROLE OF BNPB

Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management & Emergency Response

Chapter 2, article 3:Disaster response must be undertaken on timely manner in order to save lives of the affected population

Disaster response/assistance must utilize consistent, yet flexible approach in order to adapt to the existing situation and condition, regardless of the causes, scope, location and complexity of the occurring event

Disaster response activities must be transparent and accountable

Chapter 7: Disaster Management during Emergency Phase:

Article 48: Activities undertaken during emergency phaseArticle 49: Rapid assessment Article 50: BNPB and BPBD to have facilitated access on mobilization of

human resources, equipment, logistics, etc.Article 51: Government to decide on the status / level of disasterArticle 52: Rescue and evacuation of victims of disasterArticle 53: Provision of basic humanitarian needsArticle 54: Management of affected and displaced populationArticle 55: Protection of the vulnerable groupArticle 56: Recovery of vital public facilities and infrastructure

Govt Regulation: No 21 Ch. 25-27on mobilization of resources

MOBILIZATION(request, acceptance, utilization)

DisasterEmergency Situation

Chief ofBNPB/BPBD

(authority)

Institution/agencies(appoint decision maker authority)

- Human resources- Equipment- Logistic

GOALS- Rescue and evacuation- Fulfillment of basic needs- Emergency recovery

DisasterAffected

Area

“based on needs”

requests

Community

dispatchmobilization

Govt Regulations No 21 Ch. 32-37C I Q

RECOMMENDATIONCHIEF OF BNPB

DisasterEmergency Situation

FOREIGNASSISTANCE

• LOGISTIC• EQUIPMENT

• PERSONNEL

FACILITATED ACCESS

EXEMPTION (as stated in Law & Regulation)

• Custom duty• Tax• Quarantine (except for

equipment/logistics w potential hazards)

• Visa process and services• Entry permit• Working permit (the longest duration

should be in alignment with emergency phase)

• Exit permit

Utilizing its own equipment

Undertake emergency operation in the affected area

DEPLOYMENT/Recommedation• Govt of Country of Origin• International Institutions• International NGOs

Must report to immigration office /foreign affairs office

Govt Regulations No 21 Ch. 38on Permits

FACILITATEDACCESS

CHIEF OF BNPB obtains special

permits(regardless of the

time and place and with the available communication

means)

DisasterEmergency Situation

FOREIGN ASSISTANCE

• PERSONNEL OF FOREIGN MILITARY

• FOREIGNERS from countries with no diplomatic relations

• TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT FOREIGN MILITARY providing emergency assistance

INSTITUTION/AGENCY

DG Counselor – MoFA

• Ministry of Defense• Ministry of Foreign Affairs• Ministry of Transportation

GOVT REGULATION No. 23 YEAR 2008 : Involvement of International Organizations &

Foreign NGOs in Disaster Management

“EMERGENCY RESPONSE”

DIRECTASSISTANCE

BNPB

COORDINATIONRelated Agency

International Agencies/Foreign NGOs

FUNDING

PERSONNEL,LOGISTIC,

EQUIPMENTAPPROVAL

BNPB

SUBMISSION of Info on# of Personnel,

Logistics,Equipment,

Site of Operation(before, during or immediately

after the assistance arrives

MOBILIZATIONFACILITATED ACCESS

ImmigrationCustom

QuarantinePermits

Stand-by Force for Emergency Management

Satuan Reaksi Cepat Penanggulangan Bencana (SRC PB) = Indonesia Rapid Response & Assistance (INDRRA)

SRC-PB / INDRRA is combined civil – military forces from various relevant line ministries/agencies

being dispatched to assist affected local government in undertaking emergency activities in timely and integrated manner

Undertaking rapid assessment on the impacts of the disaster as well as the humanitarian needs, during the initial /early stage of the emergency phase

• Enactment of Law No. 24/2007 and PP No 21, 22, 23 year 2008, Perpres No. 8/2008 and Head of BNPB Regulations

• Establishment of BNPB and BPBD (33 provinces and 306 districts/cities)• Set up of National Platform for DRR• Formulation of National DM Plan and National Action Plan for DRR (2010-2014) and

integration of DRR into the National Middle-term Development Plan RPJM 2010-2014• DM becomes priority in development (no 9 from 11)• HFA Progress Report every 2 years • Formulation of Contingency Plans• Building of Ina TEWS and Vulcano Monitoring• Building of Emergency Operations Center (Jakarta, DIY, Bali, etc)• Set-up of National Rapid Response Team (SRC-PB) for the Eastern and Western Regions• Disaster Management Simulation and Exercises• Building Safer School and Hospital• Establishment Indonesia Disaster Relief Training Ground• Implementation Yogyakarta Declaration --- Resilient Community

Indonesia’s Achievement in Disaster Risk Reduction

EAS ToolkitThe East Asia Summit Rapid Disaster Response Toolkit has been prepared by Emergency Management Australia and BNPB, Indonesia, in collaboration with relevant agencies from all 18 East Asia Summit participating countries and in consultation with the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM).

The Toolkit contains three Tools aimed at improving rapid disaster response capability and cooperation across EAS countries.TOOL 1 : NATIONAL FOCAL POINT TABLETOOL 2 : GUIDANCE FOR RAPID D ISASTER RESPONSETOOL 3 : EAS COUNTRY D ISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS

Indonesia will conduct EAS Toolkit exercise :• National level : November 2015• International level : 2016

THANK YOU