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UNIT 1

LESSON 81 LISTENING Speaker 1: Ufe in Mongolia is definitely not easy. Not everyone can handle the cold climate. I think you have to be Dorn here. But I won't move to the city like some people do. That's because I love raising horses, riding horses~everything about horses-and you can't have horses in the city! I think I will always live here.

Speaker 2: I really like living in Mexico City. My parents moved here right after they got married because of the poor economic conditions in their hometown. Mexico City just had better employment opportunities. I was born here, so this has always been my home. I can't imagine moving to another place.

Speaker 3: It's quiet in this part of western Canada. There's not much to do, but this ranch has been in my family for over 100 years! My ancestors came from Switzerland, where they had herds of dairy cattle for milk and cheese. Now we herd beef cattle. I don't know whether i'li stay here. I want to get a university degree, and after that, who knows?

Speaker 4: I came to Sapporo, Japan, three years ago to teach English. I've always been interested in Japanese culture, and this northern city has a good climate for me, with four seasons. It's nice and warm in the summer, and it's cold enough in the winter for the annual Snow Festival. I intend to stay here for another year, but then I definitely want to find a job in a new country. I want to experience life in another wonderful placeI

UNIT2

LESSON S, LISTENING Radio presenter: Can you imagine hearing a painting? Or seeing music? It sounds impossible, and it is for most of us-but not for a few very special people. They have a condition called synesthesia. The word synesthesia comes from the Greek words for together and senses. When a person has synesthesia, two parts of their brain react at the same time. For example, when someone sees music, the portions of the brain for hearing and vision both react.

There are many different kinds of synesthesia. The most common kind is called letter synesthesia. People with this condition see each letter of the alphabet in a different color, and the colors are always the same. Even if the letter on the page is black, the person sees that it is also green or purple. Listen to Lori Blackman talk about her experience.

Lori Blackman: I didn't realize Iwas unusual until I was 10 years old. One day Iwas talking to my

father, and I told him that I didn't like my art lesson in school that day because we had to write ail

the letters in the wrong colors. He didn't know what I was talking about! So I said, you know,like B

is light blue and Cis yellow? Then he was really confused! And my younger brother said, no, you're

wrong, Bis red, anybody can see that! It turned out that both of us have synesthesia.

Radio presenter: Many great artists and musicians have different types of synesthesia. The

French writer Arthur Rimbaud wrote a famous poem about the colors of vowels-he said

that E is white and U is green. Some composers see every note of their music as a different

color. Some people can even taste the sounds of words. One man says that the worst-tasting

word in the English language is the name Derekl

Only about one person in a hundred has synesthesia, but most of them have no problem

with their condition. Lori Blackman actually enjoys it.

Lori Blackman: I think it's really fun seeing the colors in letters. And it makes life even more

beautiful.

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UNIT3

lESSON liSTENING Mari: Hi, I'm Mari from Argentina. Here, we've had very little rain in recent years. Argentina is an agricultural country, and this drought is causing a lot of problems. Crops can't be planted

because the soil is too dry. Cattle are dying because they don't have enough grass to eat and

the water from wells is getting concentrated and salty. Maybe next year will be better.

Marcel: I'm Marcel. Here in France, we've had record-breaking heat waves. How hot has it been? One summer, we had 20,000 deaths in from the heat. Some scientists don't

agree that global warming is the cause. They say it's always hot in the summertime. But

in recent years, we've had more days of extreme heat than we used to. It feels like global

warming to me!

Joseph: My name's Joseph-from New Orleans. In this part of the U.S., everyone is talking about hurricanes. Maybe you've heard of Hurricane Katrina, but that same year, we had a

record number of hurricanes and major tropical storms. Twenty-seven in all!They say the

storms are so strong because the ocean water is warmer. The storms get energy from the

warm water, and we get hit

Jasmine: I'm Jasmine. I live in New Delhi, the of India. Our biggest climate problem in recent years has been flooding. It's true, getting a lot of rain is not unusual here. We have

a monsoon season, and during that time, rivers can overflow, and that's usually good news

for farmers. Lately, however, the water has been so that many people have had to

leave their homes and villages. And even though there's water everywhere, it's not clean, so

diseases are another concern when you have flooding.

LESSON SF PRONUNCIATION 1.

2.

3.

Climate has=",-~,,-,the news lately.

Do you know how to make coffee?

Please ~!..!.""--"#.

4. I'm not sure when to use the past tense.

5. The governor is food shortages.

6. What time do you usually g.et up in the morning?

UNIT4

lESSON Bff USTENING Radio Show Host: Right now, you probably have some form of money in your pocket or purse. And you probably don't know how old this invention is--or where it first came from.

Some of the oldest coins were used in Turkey almost 3,000 years ago. They were made from a

mixture of gold and silver, and they had a picture of a lion on them, a symbol of the king's power.

COins were first made for to pay taxes to the government, but soon they were lIsed to buy and sell things as well. Before coins, people used pieces of gold and silver to buy things, but they

had to weigh the metal. Coins were much easier to use, because you can count them.

Paper money was made much later. The first bills were made in China about 1,000 years ago.

However, some people didn't like this new invention. In Persia, the king ordered everyone to

use paper money in the year 1294, but people refused to use it because didn't think the

bills were valuable. Merchants closed their shops, and then no one could buy anything. This

caused many different problems in all the cities of Persia. Finally, the king changed his orders

and he killed the man who first told him about paper moneyl But the idea of paper bills soon

went around the world. The first paper money in Europe was printed in Sweden, in 1661.

But money hasn't avvays been metal or paper. One of the first kinds of money was small

white seashells called cowries. These shells were used by people in many Asian countries. In

Ethiopia, a country in Africa, people used blocks of salt for money. In Malaysia, a large drum

could buy something very expensive. And many Indians in North America used small beads

called wampum to buy the things that they wanted.

In short, money is anything that is valuable. We exchange money for all the things that we

want in our lives.

UNITS

o LESSON 8, LISTENING Track 1-20 Radio Host: The topic is survival. We're taking your ca !Is at 555-4962, so pick up the phone

and tell us your survival story. Hello, caller number one, are you there?

Caller #1: Hi, yes, I'm here. And I feel lucky to be here, too. Last month I survived an attack in

a parking lot. I had gone shopping, and I was returning to my car.

Radio Host: That sounds scary. What happened?

Caller #1: It was getting dark, and i didn't see anyone around, but just as I was unlocking my

car door, a young man and woman grabbed my purse. They tried to take my car keys, too,

but that's when I decided to fight back.

Radio Host: Do you think that was a good 'dea?

Caller #1: Wei!, I had ta ken a self-defense course, and I decided the right thing to do was to

make a lot of noise. I started yelling as loud as I could. The attackers got scared and ran away.

Radio Host: Wow. It does sound like you got :ucky. Of course, not every kind of self-defense

works in every situation, but the important thing is that you survived. Thanks for caPing.

Caller #1: Thank you.

Radio Host: Hello, caller number two, what's your survival story?

Caller #2: Hi. Mine was a heart attack. I was at home when it happened. I felt really sick and

started sweating a lot. Then I felt this pressure in my chest, and I knew what was happening.

The first thing I did was go into the bathroom and put an aspirin in my mouth. Then I called

for an ambulance. The paramedics arrived quicklY, and they got me to the hospitai, but I

think that aspirin helped save my life.

Radio Host: You may be right. I've heard that advice before, and your story is a good

reminder for our Ijsteners. Thanks for calling.

Caller #2: My pleasure.

Radio Host: Let's take one more cali. Caller number three, hello?

Caller #3: Hello. Thanks for my call.

Radio Host: Thank you for calling. What's your survival story?

Caller #3: It's pretty short. I was driving to work, the same way I do every day. I never even

saw the truck, but my car was hit hard from the side.

Radio Host: Oil, a car accident. Were you hurt?

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Caller #3: A little.l had a few cuts and bruises, but I wasn't seriously injured because I was wearing my seat belt. I wouldn't drive without my seat belt

even if you paid me to do it.

Radio Host: Yes, I can see why. That seat belt may have saved your life.

o LESSON BT PRONUNCiATION Track 1-22 1. Oidja do the assignment yet?

2. Do you want to watch a movie tonight?

3. O'ya like tomatoes?

4. Did you study for the test?

5. Do you have a first aid kit?

6. O'ya think it will rain today?

UNIT6

o LESSON 8, LISTENING Conversation 1

Woman: I can't believe how realistic that painting is! Look, you can see every

little detail on the grapes.

Man: Yeah, that's true. But I think it's kind of boring.

Woman: Really?To me, it's very peaceful. I could look at that one all day.

Man: That may be, but the artist doesn't really express any feelings. I mean,

how can you get excited about a pile of fruit!

Conversation 2

Man: I really like that big painting over there. It's so dramatic, and the artist says a lot in it.

Woman: But all it is is just three colored shapes!

Man: No, not really. Look at it closely. You can see a lot of other colors in there. I think it's like a window-a window into some strange new

Woman: Hmm. I think you have a much better imagination than I do!

Conversation 3

Man: Did you see that painting in the corner? I really want to get a poster of it

for our bedroom.

Woman: Yeah, that is a nice painting .. but why do you want a poster?

Man: It's such a happy scene. It reminds me of when I was a little boy playing

in my grandfather'S garden.

Woman: I don't know if the bedroom is the right Cllace for it, though. The

colors are so bright. It's beautiful, Out it isn't very relaxing.

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o LESSON B, PRONUNCIATION Track 1-27 1. Mark said he didn't know.

2. John said, "It was a nice painting:'

3. I said, "I couldn't help him."

4. Bella says she's an artist.

5. She said, "She had some money~'

6. He said they went home.

UNIT7

o lESSON BI LiSTENING Track 2-3 Narrator: When cities are building a new subway, they often find pieces of history hidden

under the ground. And then they have to make some difficult decisions. We're going to hear what happened in three different cities.

I'm here in Mexico City, where the Pino Suarez subway station has one of the most unusual

decorations in the world. In the hallway between lines 1 and 2, there is a pyramid that was built by the Aztec Indians. The pyramid was discovered in 1967 during construction of the

station. The city government decided to keep the pyramid as a part of the station, although changing the plan of the station was very expensive. Later, the city built a new subway line and uncovered an entire Aztec neighborhood, with thousands of historic objects. Today

some of the objects are displayed in the subway stations of Mexico City.

Here in Los Angeles, a new subway line uncovered some very, very old inhabitants of the city-not people, but animals! When the Red Line was built in the 1990s, construction workers dug into an area of very old rock. In the rocks, scientists discovered more than 2,000

fossils-the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. also found bones and teeth from birds, mice, and even camels. The oldest fossils were 16 million years old. They were all dug up very carefully, and photographed and described for scientists. Now

all of that information is available on a Web site.

New York has one of the world's longest subway systems. In 1997, while construction workers

were building a new station called South Ferry, they ran into a big surprise: a huge stone wall

buried underground. It was almost 50 feet long, and very old-maybe the oldest stone wall in New York! Construction stopped, and archeologists were called. found many objects,

including pottery, a tobacco pipe, and a coin from 1744. For years, people argued about what to do about the wall. In the end, the city decided to preserve only a part of the wall, and

construction of the station started again. It finally opened in 2008.

UNITS

liSTENING Speaker A: Hi, I'm Rita. I don't have much free time, but I want to have some fun and get Track 2-7

some exercise. I've played golf before, and I like it. I also have some friends who are on a

beach volleyball team. As far as my personality goes, I'm kind of an extrovert. I get a lot of

energy from other people. I'm definitely NOT a perfectionist, but I always do my best when

other people are counting on me.

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Speaker B: My name is Chris, and I love to run! I enjoy sports like soccer where you do a lot of running. I also like to run by myself. The problem is, if I run solo and I win a race, I can't

share the victory with anyone. There's nothing more fun than celebrating with a group of

people after you win!

Speaker C: I'm Susan. I want to sign up for a sport at my school. I guess I'm an introvert. I enjoy doing things by myself. I'm also fairly tall, so some of my friends think I should sign up

for basketball. I'm kind of a perfectionist. I'll practice something again and again until I get it

right. And I'm very focused. When I'm doing something I love, I don't notice anything else.

UNIT9

lESSON Presenter: In the past, being a king was not an easy job. Kings had to worry about wars and difficult family members. But for many kings, the biggest fear was their food. A tiny bit

of poison in their dinner could kill them in just a few minutes. To protect themselves from

pOison, royal families around the world employed people called food tasters. Their job was

to taste all the dishes in a meal before they were given to the king. If the taster didn't die of

pOisoning, then the meal was safe for the king to eat.

For many years, a man named Mathura Prasad was the official food taster for the lord of

Castle Mandawa in India. He remembers his work in the kitchen.

Mathura Prasad: All the were kept locked up. Before entering the kitchen, the cook would take a bath and into different clothes. Guards would look in the cook's

pockets to make sure he wasn't hiding anything. When the food was ready, some of each

dish was fed to a dog. Next, I tasted it. Then the food went to the table. Finally, the lord and

his guest ate a little food from each other's Just in case.

Presenter: Food tasters have a long history. The Roman emperor Nero used tasters to try edible and poisonous mushrooms. King Louis XIV of France used soldiers to carry food from the kitchen to his table. And when Columbus made his second trip to America,

he brought along dogs to test the food that native people gave him.

But today, there aren't many job opportunities for food tasters. In England, no one does food

tasting at Buckingham Palace any more-instead, all the cooks are checked very carefully.

The emperor of Japan doesn't have food tasters either, though the of the United States sometimes uses volunteer soldiers for this job. And in Thailand, all of the king's food is

tasted not by people, but by hundreds of white mice!

LESSON Sf PRONUNCiATION 1. That plant isn't poisonous, is it? [not sure]

2. He knows all about it. doesn't he? [sure]

3. That bridge doesn't look safe, does it? [sure]

4. You were here yesterday, weren't you 7 [not sure]

5. His name is David, isn't it? [not sure]

6. This exercise was easy, wasn't it? [sure]

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UNIT 10

o LESSON B, USTEN~NG Track 2-15 Expert: Today I'm going to talk about three kinds of sea monsters, That's right, sea monsters!

Many cultures have stories of huge animals that live in the water and are occasionally seen

by people, These stories have survived for hundreds or even thousands of years, perhaps

because people have a feeling that they might be true. After large lakes and oceans are dark, mysterious places. But even more interesting is the fact that sea monsters did exist at one time!

The first sea monster I'll tell you about may be the world's most famous, Her name is Nessie,

and she lived-or lives? in Scotland, in a body of water called Loch Ness. Stories about

Nessie really took off in the 17005, when scientists to find fossils in the area. As you know, fossils are the skeletons of animals preserved in rock, These fossils were from ancient

sea reptiles-dinosaurs, really, So began to speculate that Nessie was some kind of

dinosaur that had somehow survived into modern times in the cold water of Loch Ness, It

might sound unlikely, but many people say they have seen the monster,

Next, in North America, there are stories about another kind of water monster called the

Unktehila. According to some Native American the Unktehila were trouble. They

looked like giant snakes or lizards and they ate everything and everyone, including each

other! According to the legends, the Thunder Beings had to destroy the evil Unktehila so that everything else could live, In millions of years ago, there were sea creatures in

North America such as the gigantic mosasaur, with impressive rows of sharp teeth, much

like a modern alligator or crocodile. It's understandable that people would fear an animal

like that! And before scientists began to study the fossils of animals like the mosasaur, Native

Americans found the bones and used them in ceremonies,

Now, in China, legendary reptiles called dragons many things, including good

luck, At a place called Lurking Dragon Hill, residents and scientists often find the fossils of small sea reptiles. Of course, Chinese stories about dragons are thousands of years old, so

there are many versions of the stories, and a few of the dragons were not very nice. But since

most dragons lived in the water, they were able to bring rain when there was drought And

according to the stories, the ocean dragons protected people in boats and

What's interesting to me is that Nessie, the Unktehila, and the Chinese dragons are just some

ofthe many stories about sea monsters, Is it possible that some of the prehistoric sea

survived long enough for people to know about them? Or is it the fossil remains of these animals that have inspired the stories? We may never know, but that's OK. loves a mystery!

o LESSON PRONUNCIATION At first he thought it was a fish, but then he reaized it had to be something else.Track 2-17

But some people believe them, perhaps because they enjoy a mystery,

o C, LANGUAGE EXPANSION Tour Guide: You can see that Stonehenge is very old. In fact, people started building Track 2-19 Stonehenge nearly 5,000 years ago.

Tourist l:Wow!

Tour Guide: That's right. And while no one really knows why Stonehenge was built, there are

some things vve do know. The largest stones you see are these trilithons-two huge stones with a third stone laid on top. On average, these stones are six meters high,

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Tourist 2: That's amazing!

Tour Guide: I agree. What's even more amazing is that prehistoric people transported these

stones 30 kilometers. And that was without any modern machinery.

Tourist 1: Really!

Tour Guide: And would you believe that these smaller bluestones came from a site in Wales,

around 400 kilometers away!

Tourist 2: You're kidding!

Tour Guide: I'm not! And the builders of Stonehenge must have known a lot about

transportation because each of these "smaller" stones weighs around 4,000 kilos!

Tourist 1: Remarkable!

UNIT 11

o LESSON B, LISTENING Track 2-22 Speaker 1: You want to know about my d riving class? It was awful! First, they made us

read a whole long useless book about driving laws and memorize the names of every part

of the car. We had tons of homework and a written test every week. How is that supposed

to make you a good driver? I never understand anything until I try it myself! When they

finally let us drive, it was great-by the end of the first hour, I was driving down big streets with no problems at all. The other students were scared to death, but not me. And I passed

my driving testthe first time. As far as I'm concerned, that driving school was a big waste. I

should have saved my money and just practiced driving with my dad.

Speaker 2: I took a class last semester called 'Money and Banking;'in the economics department. There were two different professors who taught the class, and they were so

different! Professor Stern justtalked and tal ked, and I forgot everything as soon as I heard it. It was just impossible to follow! I tried to write everything down in my notebook, 50 I could

go home and look at it later. Professor Chang was a lot better. He was always drawing on the blackboard. He made lots of little c.harts and illustrations, so I could really understand. I didn't

learn anything from the other professor. On the days he lectured, I could have just stayed home

and slept late.

Speaker 3: I had a course called "Enjoying Great Music~The whole thing was on CDs! I listened to them in my car on the way to work. I would have bought something like that a

long time ago, if I'd known about it--it actually made me enjoy driving to work! The lectures

were recorded on the CD. and then there were examples of music to listen to. It was really a lot of fun. First, the instructor talked about the history of music for a few minutes, then

he played the music-Beethoven or Mozart. something like that-and then he explained

what we just heard. That was greatl I think I'm going to listen to another one of those audio

courses soon. There's one about world history that sounds interesting.

UNIT12

o lESSON S, LISTENING Track 2-26 Interviewer: We're talking with Canadian astronaut Willa Foster. Welcome to the show. Dr.

Foster.

Astronaut: Tha n k you. I'm ha ppy to be here.

Interviewer: Tell us, how did a botanist from Canada end up on the International Station? 1-162 Audio Scripts

Astronaut: Well, as you know, scientists from many countries have conducted experiments onboard the space station. My experiments involved growing vegetables in space.

Interviewer: Vegetables?!

Astronaut: Mostly lettuce, but also radishes and bean sprouts. You see, the space station

astronauts can be up there for six months, and they miss fresh foods. We can grow salad vegeta bles inside the station, and that's good for the astronauts' health.

Interviewer: That's interesting. What else can you tell us about life on the space station?

Astronaut: It's exciting, but also difficult. While I was there, two crew members had to make some repairs outside the station. They were out there Aoating around in space!

Interviewer:That does sound exciting! What about the difficult parts?

Astronaut: As you know, there's very little gravity in space, so astronauts have to be attached

to something so they don't float around inside the station. I always slept in one of the

stations-something like a bed with straps to keep you in. Some of the other astronauts just

attached themselves to a wall!

Interviewer: It doesn't sound very comfortable.

Astronaut: Well, life in space is pretty hard on the body. Astronauts need to exercise a

couple of hours every day. Otherwise, they can lose a lot of muscle and have other health

problems.

Interviewer: It sounds pretty tough. Do you have any plans to go back to the station?

Astronaut: Actually, if everything goes well, I'm going back to the station next year. I'm

planning to conduct some experiments with spinach and mushrooms.

Interviewer: Well, thank you, Ms. Foster, for a very interesting discussion. I hope we can talk

again sometime.

Astronaut: Thank you. I'd like that.

o lESSON LANGUAGE EXPANS~ON Speaker A: First, let's consider the possibility of colonizing Mars. I know you want to hear about the moon, but I'll talk about that in a little while. There have already been several unmanned missions to Mars, and in ten years, a manned mission is scheduled. That manned mission will take at least three years to complete because of the distance from Earth to Mars! But one day, perhaps we'll have spaceships that can travel much faster than they can now.

Speaker B: Many people talk about the importance of tourism, but have you ever heard of space tourism? It's not cheap, but a few people have spent millions to visit the International Space Station. And one of these days, you might be able to go to the moon as a "spaceflight participant;' someone who isn't on the crew, but is just along for the ride. Some day soon, you may also be able to experience private space flight on sophisticated airplanes. These planes give passengers the feeling of weightlessness and a great view of the Earth without such a high price tag. At the moment, not many companies are doing thiS, but sooner or later. more companies will see the profit potential of private space flight.

Track 2-28

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UNIT1 VIDEO JOURNAL SAN FRANCiSCO'S lIlUS5!ON DISTRiCT

NARRATOR: Each Sunday, the sounds of the Mission Dolores Basilica are heard in San Francisco.

These sounds bring memories of the Spanish who bUilt this church in 1791. They didn't know it at the time, but it was the start of a speCial kind of neighborhood: the Mission District

Some community members describe the neighborhood as a central part of the city. Why?

Because it's where the city began long ago. They feel that understanding the many levels of history here is important. They also feel that it's a big part of understanding what it means to be a real San Franciscan.

Over the years, immigrants have come here from Ireland, Germany and Italy. But the most recent immigrants are mainly from Mexico, Central and South America. It's easy to see the style that these recent additions give to the neighborhood. You can see it on walls, taste it in the food, and hear it in the music!

Juan Pedro Gaffney grew up in the Mission District He's the director ofthe Spanish Choir of San Francisco. In the past, the group has performed to raise money for people after natural disasters in Central America. Many people here have friends and relatives in Latin America. Juan Pedro says that the local community here feels a sense of common involvement They realiy care when aneighboring nation is in pain.

In good times and bad, the music ofThe Mission deeply affects everyone. Juan Pedro explains that it's al\lvays been a basic part of cultural identity here. It's colorful, lively, and -accordhg to Juan Pedro -absolutely "jumping"! But it isn't just the music .. the art of the Mission is full of Ijfe as well.

The local art community here stays close to the area's culture and tradition. A local arts

organization leads people on walks through the district. They visit streets like Ailey, which is famous for iiS murals.

RAY PATLAN, ARTIST: What happens is, the murals begin to reflect the itself.

NARRATOR: In 1984, Artist Ray Patlan helped paint a series of murals with trle theme, Peace in Central America. 3ut while the district remains Latino, it's no longer 1984. Politics and the world have the art of the Mission has changed as welL Patlan says that the art is a part of the streets, but also a reAection of the community. As the community changes, the murals too. T'le mural messages are always changing, but still very powerful.

ANDREA, BALMY ALLEY RESIDENT: It's greatl It's iike coming home to a piece of art every day you know! Every time we drive up it's just very.. uh . you know, sort of vibrant.

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NARRATOR: The artists here have strong feelings about the work they do. One artist explains that the artists ofThe Mission are fighting for fairness in the community. They're also fighting to help the environment. In the industrial area of the Mission District, this group ofartists maintains its cultural identity in traditional San Francisco style. Many artists feel that The Mission is a successful neighborhood where new immigrants are welcome.

MISSION DISTRICT ARTIST: People see that they're not so different from each other. There's a lot of things that bind them through culture and tradition.

NARRATOR: Saint Peter's Church is another place that understands the closeness between culture and tradition. Mission Dolores was the foundation ofThe Mission, but Saint Peter's is another strong base in the area. Father Dan McGuire is the leader of Saint Peter's.

FATHER DAN MCGUIRE, SAINT PETER'S CHURCH: And the beauty of this particular parish, is that the djfferent cultures from Latin America. . the different countries of Latin America come here and they really form a common unity.

NARRATOR: The people who come here are from all over Latin America; places like Mexico, EI Salvador, and Peru.

MCGUIRE: And they bring with them the best of their own country; particularly their interest in their families, their interests in their traditions. And what I see going on here in a very, very positive way is an integration of the best of Latin American culture now, with American culture.

NARRATOR: In the Mission District, immigrants are often able to fit into a new society very Why? Because the environment here is so comfortable. It may be this comfortable feeling that makes this multi·cultural area such a very special kind of neighborhood!

UNIT2 VIDEO JOURNAL MAN

NARRATOR: Gianni Golfera is blindfolded, but he can still show these people something that's The young Italian man calls it the art ofmemory.

i'irst, the people randomly choose sixty numbers. Nter that. a helper reads the numbers to Gianni. Then, Gianni repeats the numbers in the correct order from memory. First in the order he heard them. Then, he does it

GIANNI GOlFERA: It's a kind of memory that is connected to what I see. It means that every idea I learn, everything I read, becomes a part of me. Normally, a person who doesn't have this gift and who hasn't studied memory tends to just forget things. Even an entire book. Not me.

NARRATOR: Gianni has a very special kind of memory. He has memorized more than 250 books. He also says t'lat he can remember every detail day of this life-f'om the time

when he was less than one year old! Memory is very difficult to understand, and scientists don't really know how it works. The Golferafamily genes may hold important information about Gianni's memory. Neurobiologist Dr. Antonio Malgaroli plans to compare the Golfera family's genes with the genes of more forgetful families.

DR. ANTONIO MALGAROLI, NEUROBIOLOGIST: The crucial question is to understand which is the contribution from heredity, and which is the contribution that comes from the environment.

NARRATOR: When we process new infOrmation, such as reading a book or newspaper, it goes into our brains through the hippocampus. There, it's coded as memory. But how is memory coded? Where is it stored? Why is stored there? Nobody knows. Nobody knows why some lose their memories either. Or why so few, like Gianni, never forget things.

Researchers are now studying how memory and learning change the brain. They're also trying to match those changes to speCific genes. Some research shows that a great memory may not depend on the right DNA.

MALGAROLl: If you really need to use your brain capacity to store some kind of information, you have this ability. It's just a matter of exercise.

NARRATOR: The same idea is true for Gianni. His genes are only part of the story. Since the age of 11, he's been training his brain to remember. He practices continuously to improve the power of his memory. He has even memorized a whole series of historical books. For Gianni, improving his memory has become almost like a full-time job.

MALGAROLl: Golfera has an extraordinary ability. The question is ... you know ... how much it's because of ... you know . . the Golfera family genes, and how much comes from his sort of ... you know ... maniac type of activity.

NARRATOR: Gianni's life is not a:l about science, though. He has a relatively normal life. He has a dog and a girlfriend. He likes to take rime away from work. In other words, he's just like other people, and that's part of what's so interesting. His genes may be partly responsible for his great memory. However, researchers think that it's mainly because of his very hard work, Gianni agrees. He even offers proof. He holds classes to teach people how to improve their memories. His system involves organization and hard work--basically learning how 'remember to remember:

GOLFERA: I think the only problem with memory is getting the correct order. There's a lot of brain space, so I think there are no limits.

NARRATOR: If there is a memory gene, Gianni Golfera probably has it But the success of The Memory Man may be more about determination than DI'JA. Gianni's oractice and hard work are making his memory even better. He might just be showing scientists that a great memory can be made, and not iust bornl

UNIT3 VIDEO JOURNAL NETHERLANDS: RISING WATER

NARRATOR: We hear a lot about global warming, but an entire country in danger of sinking?

That's what they're worried about in the Netherlands. Global warming is expected to cause the sea level to rise between four inches and three feet this century. So it's no wonder the Dutch take climate changes very seriously.

The Dutch have long been at war with water. With half of their country below sea 'evel, they've built elaborate dikes and windmill systems to preserve their farmland. But climate change and riSing seas are causing the Netherlands to sink even more.

And scientists are worried that dikes and gates may not be able to hold the water much longer.

J.H. VAN DER VLIET, CHAIRMAN, REGIONAL WATER BOARD: Because what we think that will going to happen is that there will be a Climate change, which now starts already a little bit, and this will cause not only the sea to rise, but also give heaw rains in winter, but also drier summers ...

TED SLUIJTER, COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR, WATERLAND NEELTJE JANS: Well, imagine, that the Dutch people, they struggling for centuries with the sea, the North Sea, which is our border to the North Sea. And vve have experienced many, many floods, taking away the lives of hundred thousands of Dutch people. So, coastal defense, it simply had to become a Dutch discipline, because even nowadays, half of the country is below sea level. And that will become worse if the greenhouse effect really takes place, as

forecasted by the scientists.

NARRATOR: Thirty to forty percent of the country's land was created by man, pumping water out from marshlands.

But as water was pumped out, the land settled lower and lower.

Today more than ten l11illlon people live below sea leve!, on

land that only stays dry because of the constant work of pumps

and dikes. One idea has been radical ... instead of struggling so

hard, why not give some of the COLI ntry back to the sea?

SLUIJTER: We struggled, we fought the sea.

But that might be quite stupid in future. It might be ... eh.

necessary to give a lot of land back to the sea. Because the sea

and the rivers simply need space.

NARRATOR: The idea is to let water back into hundreds of miies of the 10west,lying farm land,

These new flood control lakes could also be used for recreation and wildlife. Dikes would be moved inland. opening large areas

of sand dunes to the tides.

VAN DER VLIET: I/lle have to be creative. It possible to build. _eh ... houses. We do it now in Ijberg, near

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Amsterdam, there's a new part of city, and parts ofit will be .. .eh ... floating. If you see it, you don't see it's a boat. It's a big house, with a roof and everything. People like to live near the water.

NARRATOR: But after all the work it took to get rid of the water in the first place, there is resistance.

VELlINGA: We have an old generation that has suffered flooding and that is convinced that the only way to live in Holland is really fight the water and build dikes as hard as you can.

NARRATOR: But Holland also has a younger generation who look at water as something which brings pleasure and which brings a pretty landscape.

Regardless of what is decided, a lot of people believe that a fundamental shift in the way the Dutch approach water is inevitable.

UNIT4 VIDEO JOURNAL MAKING A DEAL

NARRATOR: The souk in the city of Fes is Moroccds oldest market. In one of its small stalls, a craftsman is making patterns on a metal tabletop. But all around him, people are making deals. This is business, Moroccan-style.

Sales in the souk happen face-to-face; it's very personal and very busy! The vendors have everything a shopper could want. Sandals are next to fish bowls, and nearby, birds in cages watch the scene. One vendor sells kaftans, others sell slippers or jewelry. Across the alley, a man sells dates and apricots to hungry shoppers.

In the souk, there really is something for everyone. And in the city of Fes, a certain kind of small, red hat is very easy to flnd. The fez was created here and named after the city.

A visit to the souk is a lesson in Moroccan bargaining culture. For visitors, the question is not What should I buy? but How should I buy it?That's where they get a real education in making a deal.

VINCENT, DUTCH TOURIST: You have to start yourself at one third [of the price] or something, and then you bargain up to 50 percent.

CONSUELA, DUTCH TOURIST: Yeah, and they go down twice as hard as we go up with the price. So, then you get it at half the price they say at first.

VINCENT: But it's really a game. The Moroccans are very good at bargaining and they say they are the best in the world.

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AHAMED, TOUR GUIDE: You know, here in Moroccan culture, for everything ... you should bargain. We don't have really a fixed price.

NARRATOR: In the souk, shopping is an exercise in bargaining. Here, it's the natural thing to do, and just about everyone does it. However, visitors who want to practice making a deal here had better be careful! They ought to know a few things first beginners at bargaining pay more. How much more?

AHMED: Sornetimes 20, 30 percent more ... over than the price that the Moroccan people pay. So you should always ... for example, if he charges you 1,000 dirham, you him 600 dirham, then you go up, he go down, and then you can arrange between you.

NARRATOR: Vendors aren't trying to cheat customers. It's like a test to find out who's the best bargainer.

MOHCINE, JEWELRY VEDOR: Some customers pay more than another one ... we find customers ... more easy ... they don't bargain too much.

NARRATOR: The real test for any bargainer is the carpet shop. This is where the sellers really pressure customers to buy something.

CHAKIB, CARPET VENDOR: Excuse me, you want to buy camel for the price of donkey? Impossible. No, that's too low, believe me, that's too low.

CHRIS, ENGLISH TOURIST: Once you end up in a shop, you sit there drinking tea, and you say "I don't want to buy anything: But then it's like, "Well, just offer a price ... offer a price. SOD? What's your best price?" And you're like, "We don't want to buy it~ And they're like, "Okay, 300!"

NARRATOR: But it's all part of the game.

CHAKIB: Well we ask a little bit high price because everyone comes with an intention to bargain. They know that in Morocco they bargain a lot, 50 of course we leave a step to make discounts and haggling the price.

NARRATOR: Some shoppers enjoy the challenge too.

GONNIE, CARPET SHOPPER: The secret is looking very carefully at how they do it. And watch them, how they move and then go step by step, and see where you end.

NARRATOR: There is one thing that all tourists should watch out for: they shouldn't buy too much!

BO, DUTCH TOURIST: The thing is, they make it so cheap for you l They start up so high, and at the end it sounds so cheap. It's only one sixth of the price, or one eighth of the price. "Well, for this money, I can't leave it!"

NARRATOR: For some visitors to Fes, it may be difficult to leave without buying more than they planned. One thing here is certain-at the souk, everyone can make a deal!

UNIT 5 VIDEO JOURNAL ANDEAN WEAVERS

NARRATOR: In a small village high in the Andes, it all starts with the sheep - just one, that loses it's warm, winter wool. First, a few

people from the village, or villagers, catch the and prepare the knife.

Then, they carefully tie up the sheep so that it can't move,

Finally, they use the knife to cut the sheep's winter coat of wool.

After that, one of the newest and most important industries in

Chinchero begins. The methods they use are traditional, but

these villagers are part of something new,

The wool they're collecting is for a new and different business-a

weavers' cooperative that the women here manage.

Monday and Saturday, 46 women and girls cut wool from

their sheep and llamas. Then, they spin it into yarn for making

cloth, Nilda Cayanupa is the leader of the Center for Traditional

Textiles which manages the cooperative.

NILDA CAYANUPA, CENTER FOR TRADITIONAL TEXTILES: Any of my age in my town was learning to weave. So it was

kind of sad that the weaving was disappearing, So, because that, I always my dream was that the younger generation

should learn so the weaving won't die.

NARRATOR: Nilda grew up in the Andean countryside, where many of the men are farmers.

CAYANUPA: Chinchero is a farming village. We are the best-I'm not saying because I am ITom this Village-but we are the best producers of the potatoes, and many things like quinoa ., .barley ...

NARRATOR: Farming has long been a tradition in Chinchero. Many farmers here continue the traditions of the Inca people

who lived in the Andes for centuries. However, farming no

longer brings in enough money to support a whole family

here. So, with the changes in the economy, traditional ideas are changing, too.

Until now it's always been the men who have farmed and the

women have cooked and cared for the children. They have also taken wool from the sheep and woven it into cloth. It's this

weaving that's now becoming more and more important

Nilda says that these women weavers are becoming the main

economic supporters of the family. As an example, she tells of one woman whose husband has started helping with the

sheep. She explains that this wasn't very common in the past Men only farmed the land and didn't help with weaving.

CAYANUPA: But today, this group of the ladies you know, can make ... not a lot of money .. but a reasonable amount·of money.

NARRATOR: Now in Chinchero, weaving isn't just a tradition. It's a way to make money and live well. Weaving has also

become more important for the culture of Chinchero.lt has

become a way to make the textile tradition stronger and to

keep a part of the past alive.

GUADALUPE, WEAVER: I learned when I was in the third grade of school with very basic weaving. Today, I weave

blankets, shawls, ponchos, and prepare my own yarn.

NARRATOR: Older women now teach the younger girls. The goal is to bring back the strength of the textile tradition of the

past. They want to keep the Peruvian weaving traditions alive.

As the young women of Chinchero tearn to weave, they also learn to be self~sufficient They can sell the blankets and clothes

that they make in their free time.

ROSITA, WEAVER: Ido my weaving in my house, in the afternoons and early morning. And here on Monday and Saturday, too.

NARRATOR: Weaving groups like the Chinchero cooperative are giving new life to the textile tradition. In the end, their

cooperative may prove that many threads together are

stronger than one alone.

UNIT6 VIDEO JOURNAL ROCKART

NARRATOR: Long before the land grew roads and towns. Long before the first Westerners arrived. Long before humans here even had a word for art. The rock artists of Australia were drawing the dreamtime. The dream time, for the

aboriginal people, is their story of creation. That time so very long ago when rocks and animals and plants and people first sprang from the earth. And their beliefs about the dreamtime

are reflected in ancient paintings on rock. Untold numbers of them, buried in the stone country of Kakadu National Park.

Thompson Yulidgirru still paints in the time honored way.

THOMPSON YULIDGIRRU, AUSTRALIAN ROCK ARTIST: When I used to go stay with my grandfather, I used to tell him

, .. tell me the stories of my ancestors.

NARRATOR: The aboriginal people of Australia are believed to have inhabited this land for at least forty thousand, maybe

a hundred thousand years. That would make them the oldest continuous human culture on the planet.

And their ancient art is like a primitive history book and guide for living,

Pictures tell a story here of how birds warn kangaroos of

approaching hunters.

And here, the tale of war,

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http:Chinchero.lt

Aboriginal people of old believed the pictures imparted powers: paint a harvest of fat fish, and chances are one would come your way.

Seasons played a big a role in their lives, so many of the images were painted each year at a specific time ...

The artists used red ochre, yellow ochre made of soil and white clay.

Certain clans were responsible for painting specific animals.

If your group painted turtles ... that's what you painted, not kangaroos.

It was all seen as magic, all ceremonial, part of keeping the ea rth heaIthy.

The last pure rock artists died in the 1960's, and modern aboriginal artists paint on bark, paper, wood, making their work portable and valuable.

But the oldest works of rock art here are very slowly losing the battle with time.

Centuries of monsoon rains, insects and tiny reptiles crawling over them, brushing away the grains ofcolor.

UNIT7 VIDIEO JOURNAL BIG CITY BiCYCLE

MESSENGERS

ALAN CAPLAN: Speed really thrills me, and that's what I like about it. Speed, you have total freedom. You can do whatever you want. It's like, no laws, no rules, you know nothing bothers you. Riding a bike is like a bird flying.

NARRATOR: Every in New York City, millions of people crowd the streets, along with more than a million cars. On a bad day, the traffic stops completely. Only bicycle messengers can speed across the city.

In tiny offices all across the city are many bicycle messenger companies, like this one, called Light Speed.

In light Speed's office, dispatchers take calls and send messengers all around the city.

The messengers race through traffiC, any way they can.

POLICEMAN: Do they tei! you the rules when you get hired?

MESSENGER: Oh yeah, I've known these rules since before I was even hired as a messenger.

POLICEMAN: You know not to go through red :ights then, right?

MESSENGER: Mm-hm.

POLICEMAN: Then INhy do you go through the red then?

MESSENGER: Speed

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NARRATOR: Messengers are paid for each message they deliver, so they never want to stop-or slow down. This can lead to conflicts.

PEDESTRIAN: My comment is that they're dangerous. They can kill you.

SECOND MESSENGER: They're only looking for cars, really. And they'll be looking and you can look in their eyes and say, 'this man is looking at me, he knows I'm here; but they don't see you, All they, look through you, it's-you're transparent.

MAN: It's a very dangerous job because of the traffic and is of utmost importance because they're on strictly a

commission basis and-lUke them, personally

MAN ON LEFT: They do a good job, and they get their job done, and they gotta make a dollar so... that's what counts.

NARRATOR: Businesses in New York depend on bicycle messengers because it's the only fast way to deliver things on city streets. This company caiis for a messenger 30 to 40 times a day. Most messengers carry only documents, but some will take more dangerous assignments.

Despite the danger and difficulty, most bicycle messengers would never trade the speed and excitement for a more normal job. Their work keeps the businesses of New York moving,

ALAN: Man, get in the car, get the door!

UNITS VIDEO JOURNAL WOMEN IN THE RODEO

NARRATOR: The rodeo is truly an American original. Cowboys in Stetson hats and jeans riding bulls and roping steers,

Because of the danger involved. it's usually thought of as a man's sport But that's not true: there are cowgirls and they're going head-to-head with cowboys in some of the most dangerous competitions.

NAT SOT: The raccoons have been in the hay.

NARRATOR: it's traditionally thought of as a man's world.

But truth be told .. cowgirls have been in the saddle since the West was won.

NAT SOT: Hoah, cattle hoah

NARRATOR: Meet Debbie Garrison and Pam Midek.

They're modern cowgirls carrying on the ways of the Wild West

NAT SOT: Hoah cattle.

DEBBIE GARRISON, COWGIRL: As you look at the history of the pioneers of the American West I think the women were the hardest workers on the ranch. A lot of times the husband was off doing things that he had to do and the women were left at home with the kids and take care of everything there. But there was also stock and women had to get out and if a calf was sick or a cow vvas

down or whatever. I mean it was up to the wife togo out and the

kids to go out and take care of that while the husband was gone.

NARRATOR: Pam and Debbie were riding before they could walk. Their careers took offwhen were crowned Miss

Rodeo America: Pam in 1973 and Debbie in 1979.

Today they're still running down steers.

Team roping is one of the few events in profeSSional rodeo

where women compete head-to-head with men.

PAM MIDEK: I can swing a rope just as fast, and I can deliver it with just as much, I guess fierceness as a man can.

NARRATOR: With just seconds to tie horns and legs, team roping is about and strength.

Sometimes that's a dangerous combination.

GARRISON: Within the first two years that I roped, I cut a finger off My husband picked it up, I got off my horse, put my finger

above my head so it wouldn't bleed too bad. They took me to the hospital and seven hours later they reattached my finger.

NARRATOR: Welcome to Fort Worth, Texas where the rodeo is a true original.

Bull riding is the most popular event.

It was considered too brutal for women in the past ... but

times are

DeDeeCra'A10rd was the 2001 world champion female bull rider.

In a sport where broken bones, ruptured organs and trampled bodies are an occurrence, DeDee takes pride in being a member of a small but elite group of intrepid women.

DEDEE CRAWFORD, BULL RIDER: See, a !ot oftimes I like to show up when the guys are like "There ain't no way she's gonna ride:' I like to go out there and do my best and show them I can

ride because think I can't. You've got to keep your head up and say ''I'm just as good as you all are:'

NARRATOR: Barely 100 pounds, DeDee Crawford has been riding bulls since she was 5 years old.

CRAWFORD: When you nod your head, they're gonna open that gate. And that animai js out and whatever happens then is up to you and that animal, you know. If the whistle blows, you step off and hope he don't run over you. But jf he does, he does, that's part ofthe game.

NARRATOR: The premise is simple: you hold onto the bul' with one hand for 8 seconds.

It seems like an eternity.

CRAWFORD: to ride this sucker?

I love it. There's nothing more in the world that I don't love anymore. It's just rodeo.

It's fixin'to run over Y0L; and kick you, and stomp you, but you know if you love it you love it. Do it.

UNIT9 VIDEO JOURNAL

NARRATOR: It isn't your workplace.

Employees are asked to perform a variety of tasks.

KEITH MOWRY: Under certain conditions we'll also shoot a

.22 pistol and a shotgun.

NARRATOR: Many of the who work here are highly trained engineers.

But instead of making they try to destroy them.

TESTER: Are you ready? All

NARRATOR: The that causes all these accidents is a company called Underwriters Laboratories. It was started in 1894 to test the safety of everyday products.

The tests take a va riety of forms.

Each year, thousands of home appliances are tested. Irons, toasters, blenders, and hair dryers are hit, dropped, crushed and broken. This is to make them safe for people who don't use

them carefully.

TESTER: My children, when I go home and, you know, talk about work, they think that's really neat that Daddy goes off to work and gets to break tubes and break TVs and drop radios.

NARRATOR: These funny tests have a very serious purpose: to protect from accidents that could happen. if children

baseball in front of a TV, for example.

have been things at Underwriters Laboratories, for many many years, using many of the same techniques.

Each test answers a question: can a thief open a bank safe?

Will bulletproof glass realy stop bullets?

Some of the tests are simpler than others.

MOWRY: Even though we don't know all the uses a product may see, we do have senne stock tests we run on hand-held

And one of those is the drop test.

NARRATOR: The engineers must predict all the ways people could use an appliance wrong. They start with the correct way to use it, and then try to think of all the mistakes people could make with it.

At the end of the workday, UL employees collect the appliances from the experiments. Moments later. they are crushed one more time-to make them into trash. It seems a fitting way to say to the place that employees sometimes call the Fun House.

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UNIT 10 VIDEO JOURNAL CIRCLES

NARRATOR: The beautiful rolling countryside of England has a long history. But in recent years, there's been a strange phenomenon here; one which people all over the world have been studying with great interest: crop circles. These strange and mysterious circles have many people-even some scientists--asking: who or what could have made them?

Since the beginning of time, human beings have created signs such as unusual constructions or animals carved into the hillsides. Some people suggest that different cultures may have constructed them as ways of communicating with aliens. Others say that ancient peoples must have created them to please the gods. Did people create these crop Circles or are they messages made by aliens from outer space? The question has been the cause of much debate.

REG PRESLEY, CROP CIRCLE RESEARCHER: I walked into the first crop circle in 1990, and I thought, "Hmm ... I love puzzles~ And what I did was say, "Right, I'm going to try and find out what this puzzle's all about~ I think probably ninety-five percent of them are man-made. But there's one particularly here, just over on the hili-Milk Hill-it's so enormous, that you can't even see the other side of the crop formation.

NARRATOR: Presley then explains that the formation is over a kilometer wide. He feels that people couldn't have made such an enormous cirCle without other people knowing about it. He also points out that these formations appear allover the world. He tells of a circle in a forest near Vancouver, Canada. In it, only the top two meters of the trees were bent and sha ped in a circle. Remarkably, the trees were not broken suddenly and quickly, but bent over-without breaking-when they were arranged. Presley has also heard of ice circles, in which a circle of ice is missing from a body of water while the area around it remains frozen. For Presley, a connection between these mysteriOUS circles almost certainly exists, but to a young Englishman named Matthew, they're not all that mysterious.

MATTHEW, CROP CIRCLE MAKER: Yeah, a lot of circles have been appearing in this area. It's a lovely and the fields are just very clean and open like a canvas.

NARRATOR: In the area near Matthew's home, many crop circles have recently appeared. While he will not admit to making any ofthese, Matthew has offered to demonstrate exactly how crop circles are made.

MATTHEW: Well, if there are aliens out there doing it they're using stamper boards and these little markers. Because, I mean, there's things there, like combing effects, which are people going around and around and around the same area, flattening it down. That wouldn't be there with aliens I'm sure.

NARRATOR: In fact. Matthew thinks aliens would more likely use a faster, instantaneous technique; something obviously

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real to everyone-even him. Matthew's never seen this kind of evidence. The only crop circles he's seen are undoubtedly made by humans.

As Matthew and his team begin the long evening task of making a crop circle, he talks about some of the beliefs regarding them. He explains how people imagine seeing extraterrestrials, strange balls of light, or UFOs when they see a crop circle. Matthew, however, claims that crop circle design is actually a creative art done by human beings. He also explains that teams sometimes challenge each other to amaze the public by shOWing what they can do in an evening.

MATTHEW: It is a bit like a military operation. You've got to get in, do the job, get out, not get caught, you know. It's SAS I suppose. Who dares wins. I'm a little bit worried about some of the beliefs I hear going around. Some of the stuff is a bit apocalyptic.

NARRATOR: At times, Matthew is disturbed by some ofthe beliefs about crop circles. He thinks that some people are using the circles to push their own unusual theories. In his years of making crop circles, Matthew's never seen any evidence that aliens made them. In his opinion, crop circles are definitely not signs of intelligent life in outer space; but perhaps opinions like Matthew's are a sign of one kind of intelligent life-intelligent life on Earth!

UNIT 11 VIDEO JOURNAL BUTLER

NARRATOR: Long ago, England was a land of cou ntry houses, palaces, gardens, and afternoon tea. Every real had servants, especially a butler. Just 70 years ago, there were tens of thousands of butlers in England, now there are only a few. So where does one find a good butler nowadays?The Ivor Spencer International School for Butler Administrators-of course!

BUTLER 1: Good evening, sir. My name is Michael. I'm your butler.

BUTLER 2: My name is Jose.

BUTLER 3: I'm your butler.

BUTLER 4: Can I bring you some refreshments, sir?

BUTLER 3: I'm you r butler.

BUTLER 5: Good evening, sir.

NARRATOR: It's the first day of class and the students are

learning how to introduce themselves to their gentleman or

lady. A proper butler must also learn to carry himself correctly.

VOICE: There goes Mr. Windings.

IVOR SPENCER, SCHOOL OWNER: Your champagne, my lady.

BUTLERS: Your champagne, my lady.

SPENCER: No problem, sir.

BUTLERS: No problem, sir.

TAXI DRIVER: Butlers? I haven't seen a butler for a long time.

NARRATOR: Seventy years ago, there were an estimated 30,000 butlers. Today there are fewer than 200. But iflvor Spencer has anything to say about it, that's going to change!

BUTLERS: It's a pleasure, sir!"

SPENCER:"No problem, sir!"

BUTLERS: "No problem, sirl"

SPENCER: "I'll fetch it immediately, sir:'

BUTLERS:'I'II fetch it immediately, sir.'

NARRATOR: Ivor Spencer wants to use his school to bring back

the butler to this land of tradition.

SPENCER: "Good morning, everybody. Welcome to the Ivor Spencer School. We know you've come from all over the world and we appreciate you being here.n

BUTLERS: "Good morning your Excellency:'

NARRATOR: Future butlers must learn how to use the correct titles to refer to ambassadors, kings, queens, and lords! Over the next five weeks, 13 international students will have 86 lessons in the art of being a butler. If they succeed, they may work for a businessman, an important leader, or even a king. But, first, they have to graduate. Mr. Spencer says that some people can't even last longer than the first few days.

SPENCER: "On every course there are about two people that don't make it past the first two days."

NARRATOR: This may come true for one student in the new group, David Marceau.

DAVID MARCEAU, BUTLER STUDENT: Good morning, the Lee residence.

MARCEAU: Practice makes perfect so hopefully, with a lot of practice, I'll be just as good as any other butler out there.

DAVID SUTER, BUTLER STUDENT: I just hope I'm going to be right for the job and hope I can do it.

NARRATOR: It's important for students to keep their hopes up and practice, practice, practice!

BUTLERS: It's a pleasure, sir.

NARRATOR: The word butler comes from the French word bouteiJIer, which means bottle carrier. For new butlers, this can be difficult.

SPENCER: No problem, sir.

BUTLERS: No problem, sir.

BUTLERS: It's a pleasure, sir.

SPENCER: No problem, sir.

BUTLERS: No problem, sir.

SPENCER: Your champagne, my lady.

BUTLERS: Your champagne, my lady.

NARRATOR: Things go better for everyone this time. It seems

that all the practice is showing some results. Even David

Marceau is showing improvement.

BUTLER 1: Your champagne, my lord.

MARCEAU: It's on the noor, my lord.

BUTLER 1: Good evening, sir.

BUTLER 2: Good evening, sir.

SUTER: Good evening, sir.

NARRATOR: By the third week, students start to find out if they

really can become butlers or not.

BUTLER: I'm your butler.

BUTLERS: Good evening, sir.

SPENCER: Go back.

MARCEAU: It's very difficult here. It's very difficult. The course

isn't easy at all.

Good evening, sir. My name is David. And I am your butler. May

I offer you some ... May I offer you some ..

SPENCER: Do that again, David.

MARCEAU: I have some problems and I have to deal with

them. Good evening, sir. My name is David and I am your butler.

NARRATOR: David is not just having difficulty with the course;

he also misses his friends and family back home.

MARCEAU: I miss my girlfriend very much. She's giving me

support on the phone. I just talked to her last night. Things are

okay and everything. Yes, I wish I was there right now.

NARRATOR: There are a lot of secrets to being a good butler.

For example, did you know that you can iron a newspaper

to make it look nice and avoid leaving ink everywhere? Ivor

Spencer does, and he teaches the class how to do it

SPENCER: "That's probably the only time the butler has ... to

read the newspaper. If you see a burnt newspaper, you know

the butler's been very interested:'

NARRATOR: Sometimes butlers need other unusual skills. For

example, they might need to deal with unwelcome guests.

These butlers will be ready.

Butlers must also learn how to recognize quality products, or

the finer things in life. From the best tobacco pi pes.

TOBACCO EXPERT: It's not just a piece of wood. It is a piece of

art

NARRATOR: ... to expensive shoes ... to, ofcourse ...

SHOPKEEPER: Welcome to the house of Moet et Chandon.

NARRATOR: ... champagne.

CHAMPAGNE EXPERT: Sante! To champagne.

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NARRATOR: Graduation day arrives.

SPENCER: David, you've come a long way. We appreciate it.

NARRATOR: Everyone gets their certificates-even David. After, the students have a small party.

SPENCER: Good health, everybody.

SUTER: I did it!

NARRATOR: Before they came here, these young men and women drove buses, worked with computers, or worked in restaurants or stores. Now they are part of a very old English tradition. The Ivor Spencer School for Butler Administrators has done its job well!

UNIT 12 VIDEO JOURNAL COMET WATCHERS

NARRATOR: The Islands of Hawaii have become a familiar paradise, but ancient Polynesians had to use the stars to find them, and it is the stars that bring a new breed of explorers here now.

The highest point of these tropical islands is a frigid Alpine desert which may be the best astronomical site in the world. The Earth's highest volcano, Mauna Kea, stands above city lights and industrial pollution. So, other worldly, astronauts trained here to walk on the moon!

Professional astronomers conSider this mountain their Mecca. This month's star attraction: Comet Halley, a lofty cloud of ice and dust some nine miles long.

DALE CRUIKSHANK, UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII'S COMET SPECIALIST: I think the amateur astronomers and the professional astronomers share a lot of the same enthusiasm over something as exciting as a comet, and in particular, a comet as famous as this one. We all enjoy looking at it, taking pictures of it. trying to understand more about it, and enjoying the whole nighttime sky that we'l! soon have available to us here in a few minutes.

NARRATOR: Minutes are inconsequential measures against the 76 year wait between Halley's appearances or the comet's four billion year past. As a once-in-a-lifetime novelty, it creates a special excitement.

WOMEN: Oh, this is ... These are heavy binoculars.

AMATEUR ASTRONOMER: It's something that you want to be able to experience. Even for those of us who don't do much in comet watching or star gazing. I have trouble, (sit) finding the Big Dipper in the sky. But I just love the idea of being able to see something that I ... you know, once.

INFRARED SPECIALIST: I think that people do expect to be able to walk out and see thi.;; big bright object in the sky and without searching very hard. I think people expect to see the

T·172 Video Script5

comet in the sky and see it moving. The pictures that you see published show a big long tall which makes it look like it's flying through the atmosphere and spewing off this tail. And although that's what it looks like, the object is really millions of miles away. The tail is being caused by the solar wind.

NARRATOR: Renowned astronomers come here, willing to endure the cold and the thin air for what they call "the best seeing in the world:'

The top of Mauna Kea reaches halfvvay to outer space. Its gigantic multi-million dollar eyes take astronomers the rest of the way there. These telescopes require intenSive care. Refrigerated domes keep temperatures constant inside and out. Any variation distorts the images.

With its tin can housing, the 24-inch telescope is less sophisticated than its state-of-the-art neighbors, but as the eye for a special camera it makes an important contribution.

CRUIKSHANK: We have to insure that the telescope tracks very accurately on the comet during this half-hour exposure. It's hard to imagine anything much more exciting than a comet that makes a quick pass through the solar system. What this camera, with its photographic film does is take a very wide-a ngle picture of the sky. We have electronic detectors that make excellent images of small spots in the sky, but when you want to study something that's very large, such as the comet tail. then the photography is still really the best way to do it.

NARRATOR: Making several half-hour exposures a night, Cruikshank observes changes in the comet's tail, a luminous streamer stretching ten million miles from the core, the equivalent of a toy marble leaVing a ten-mile trail

While most of us consider star-gazing a night time activity, at two of Mauna Kea's telescopes, observations continue 24 hours a day. At NASA's infrared facility, astronomers can collect data from wavelengths unseen by the human eye. In the infrared, it's possible to tell the temperatures of distant objects and to identify their composition. Aimed at Halley, this telescope's data suggest that the comet is made of many things which make up our own atmosphere: water, methane, carbon, oxygen, and ammonia.

Relentless scrutiny by earthbound telescopes has given scientists a great deal of information about what they call the cosmic refrigerator. But to confirm their theories, astronomers have taken their vision to space.

Two Japanese spacecraft took pictures of the glowing hydrogen atoms surrounding the comet and measured solar winds. Both traveled at least 89,000 miles from the core.

The Soviets sent Vega I and II within 5100 miles of Halley. Though both were damaged by clouds of dust smashing them at 150,000 miles an hOl!r, they successfully recorded the closest glimpses of the (omet ever, confirming that it has a solid Core and that it is some nine miles across.

A few dubbed the probe, which ventured within 350 miles of the nucleus, Kamikaze, but Giotto survived and revealed some startling facts. burst with unexplained force from conical vents on the comet, and its surface is a velvet black.

It is certain that scientists will learn more from this appearance of the comet than in all previous observations combined.

CRUIKSHANK: There's a lot of romance and even drama standing here in the cold lookina at the stars. Either through a telescope like

I'm doing now or just whenever there are a few extra moments --just looking at the star field outside the dome.The stars that most people never get to see, because they're glued to their TV sets and their nice well-lit rooms and in their well-lit cities, are aconstant source of beauty -a source of beauty that most of us miss these days. It's a kind of communion with nature. And I think that. that always helps us understand more about ourselves as well as the world we live in.

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