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  • AnIntroduc+ontoClassicalArabic:LanguageandGrammarApplied

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    AnIntroductiontoClassicalArabicLesson4:Thedualandsoundplural

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    Recapandtodayslesson

    Thefeminineending

    Typesoffeminineword

    Exercises

    TodaysLesson

    Declensionofnouns:Thethreecases

    Preposi+onsinArabic

    ExercisesandVocabulary

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    DeclensioninArabic

    TherearethreecasesinArabic.Theseareindicatedbythechangingofthevowelofthefinalconsonantexceptinthecaseofthe:

    DualandsoundMasculine

    Whatwemeanbycasesisthatthevowelofthefinalconsonantofnounsandverbscanchangebasedongramma+calposi+oningandthiscanchangeinthreeways.

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    Revisitingthenominalsentence

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    Predicate Subject

    Arrajuluhdirun

    TheManispresent

    Thisisthesubjectofthesentence,i.e.Thepersonbeingdiscussed

    Thisisthepredicateofthesentence,i.e.Thenewsorinforma+onregardingthesubject

    DefiniteIndefinite

    Vowelending

    Vowelending

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    Thereare3casesorvowelendinginArabic.

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    (1)Nomina+ve

    Inarabicthisiscalled(raf)

    (2)Accusa+ve

    Inarabicthisiscalled(nasb)

    (3)Geni+ve

    Inarabicthisiscalled(jar)

    Recognisingcases

    Raf

    Theoriginalsignrepresen+ngrafistheDhamma

    Nasb

    Theoriginalsignrepresen+ngnasbistheFatha

    Jar

    Theoriginalsignrepresen+ngjaristhekasra

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    Casesarerecognisedbysigns.Thesesignsarethevowelendings.Generallythecaseisrepresentedbyashortvowelasshownbelow,wecallthistheoriginalsign

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    Recognisingcases

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    Raf

    Oneofthesecondarysignsrepresen+ngrafisthewworalif

    Nasb

    Oneofthesecondarysignsrepresen+ngnasbisthey

    Jar

    Oneofthesecondarysignsrepresen+ngjaristhey

    Some+mesthecaseisrepresentedbyalongvowelasshownbelow,wecallthesesecondarysigns,thisoccursonlyonspecificword.(secondarysignsarerestrictedtowhatismen+onedbelow)

    Recognisingcases

    Belowarebasicexampleofchange

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    Raf

    Nasb

    Jar

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    Workingwithcases

    TheArabscalldeclension Howdoweknowwhenawordisnomina5ve,accusa5ve

    orgeni5ve

    Casesarerecognisedbasedontheposi+onofawordinasentence,sodependingonwherethewordisposi+oned(gramma+cally)thecasewillchange.

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    Basicrules

    Somebasicrulesonemustknow: Subjectsandpredicatesarealwaysnomina5ve

    TOBECOVEREDINLATERLESSONS Objectsarealwaysaccusa5ve Wordsthatfollowapreposi+onarealwaysgeni5ve

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    TheDual

    TherearethreenumbersintheArabicLanguage Singular Dual Plural

    Thedualendingis forthenomina5vecase

    And fortheaccusa5veandgeni5vecase(tobecoverednextweek)

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    ...

    ...

    Examples

    Twobooks Twoapples TwoDeserts

    Twoeyes

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    Dualsandadjectives

    Adjec5vesagreeinnumberwithnounstheyqualofyandinthedualtheyhavethesameending.

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    Twoopenbooks Twotastyapples

    Twobigeyes

    Dualsandsentences

    Similarlythesubjectandpredicatewillhavethesameending.

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    Theci+esaregreat

    Thetwoteachersareold


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