Lesson 3: PILI* Verbal Reasoning - 12minprep...Deductive Reasoning •Requires more training hours...

Lesson 3: PILI* Verbal Reasoning

SECTION BREAKDOWN, SAMPLE QUESTIONS, TIPS

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Verbal Reasoning Question Types on PILI

1. General vocabulary: Antonyms (low priority for practice)

2. Analogies

3. Syllogisms / Drawing conclusions


Antonyms and Synonyms

Which of the following is the opposite of the word quixotic:

• Pragmatic

• Pristine

• Anxious

• Slow


Antonyms and Synonyms

Which of the following is the opposite of the word quixotic:

• Pragmatic

• Pristine

• Anxious

• Slow

Quixotic: extremely idealistic; unrealistic and impractical.


Word Analogies

• Format: X is to Y as Z is to_____ (complete one word)

• Build a sentence that describes the relationship between the two words

• Look for the same relationship, in the same direction.

• Some popular types of relationships in analogies are:

• Word meanings, degree/intensity, whole/part, hierarchy, category, function, order,

transformation, creator/creation, purpose.


Word Analogies – Sample Question

Young : Elder is like

1. Alive: Dead

2. Concept: Fact

3. Intern: Professional

4. Healthy: Sick


Word Analogies

Young : Elder is like

1. Alive: Dead

2. Concept: Fact

3. Intern: Professional

4. Healthy: SickYoung has less years than elder

(From left to right)

Describe the relationship. Mind the direction!


Word Analogies – Sample Question 2

Language is to dialect as food is to

1. cuisine

2. love

3. drink

4. bake


Word Analogies – Sample Question 2

Language is to dialect as food is to

1. cuisine

2. love

3. drink

4. bake

Dialect is a language that is characteristic of a certain place. Cuisine is food that

characterises a certain area/culture (From right to left )

Describe the relationship. Mind the direction!


Deductive Reasoning

• Requires more training hours than most topics in PILI

• Review and memorize the basic thumb rules that apply for this question style

• Experiment with a few solving strategies

• Make sure to have a pencil and scrap paper to jot down the steps on the way to

the correct answer!


Syllogisms – Sample Question

Statement: Some X are Y

Statement: No Z are X

Proposed conclusion: Some Y are not Z

What can be said about the proposed conclusion:

• Correct

• Incorrect

• Cannot determine whether it’s correct or not


Syllogisms – Sample Question

Statement: Some X are Y

Statement: No Z are X

Proposed conclusion: Some Y are not Z.

What can be said about the proposed conclusion:

• Correct

• Incorrect

• Cannot determine whether it’s correct or not


• Statement: Some X are Y

• Statement: No Z are X

• Proposed conclusion: Some Y are not Z

Syllogisms – Sample Question 1 Explained

Z X

X Y


Syllogisms – Sample Question 2

Statement A: John is a lawyer

Statement B: All lawyers wear suits

Statement C: All suit wearers are not grumpy

Which of the above statements are required to arrive at the conclusion that John is not grumpy?

• A+C

• A+B+C

• B+C

• A+B


Syllogisms – Sample Question 2 Explained

Not Grumpy

Wear Suits

Lawyers

John → lawyer

Lawyers →wear suits

Suit wearers → not grumpy


Syllogisms –Memorize Basic Rules

• A is B = all A is B = not all B is A = If not B then not A

• Only A is B = All B is A

• If A then B = If Not B then Not A

• None but A is B = Only A is B = All B is A


Deductive Reasoning – Sample Question 3

Statement: Typists always type a novel faster than they type a legal contract.

Statement: Legal contracts are always faster to type in English than in French.

Conclusion: A French typist types a French legal contract faster than she types an

English novel.

• Correct

• Incorrect

• Cannot Determine


Deductive Reasoning – Solution

S: Novel → faster than contract

S: Legal contracts → faster in English than in French

Conclusion: Novels are still faster to write than contracts, no matter the language…

Therefore, the proposed conclusion is incorrect.


• Note: Grab the PDF with a list of curated Verbal Reasoning practice resources.

End of Lesson 3

On to Lesson 4!


Lesson 3: PILI* Verbal Reasoning - 12minprep...Deductive Reasoning •Requires more training hours...

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