Musculoskeletal System 1.Bones 2.Muscles 3.Skin. Bones Bones Bones The skeletal system.
Lesson 3 How Should We Care for Our Bones? · bones to daily activities. They should also...
Transcript of Lesson 3 How Should We Care for Our Bones? · bones to daily activities. They should also...
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Lesson 3How Should We Care for Our Bones?
ObjectivesStudents will
• identifycalciumasthemineralthatstrengthensbones
• identifyexerciseandadietrichincalciumasfactorsthatsupportgoodbonehealth
Vocabularycalcium(KAL-see-uhm)—themineralfromwhichbonesaremade
fracture(FRAK-cher)—abreakinabone
Structuring the CurriculumHavestudentssetupLet’s Find Out: What Happens to Bone When It Is Placed in Vinegar?atleast
twoweeksaheadoftime.
Preparation/MaterialsDemonstration: Bone Properties
√ cleanbone(suchasachickenorturkeydrumstickorahambone)
Let’s Find Out: What Happens to Bone When the Calcium is Removed?
√ cleanchickenbones,oneperteam
√ protectivegloves,onepairperstudent
√ glassjarswithlids,oneperteam
√ vinegar,enoughtocovereachbone
Demonstration: Fracture
√ cleanchickenorturkeydrumstickbone,brokentodemonstrateafracture
Discussion: Calcium
√ milkcontainer
√ samplesofsesameseeds,almonds,freshbroccoli,salmon,and/ormolasses
Activity: Bone Mobile
√ craftsticks,twoperstudent
√ glue
√ constructionpapercutintoeighths,atleastfoureighthsperstudent
√ crayonsormarkers
√ scissors,oneperstudent
√ yarn
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BackgroundBonesarecomposedofmineralsandprotein.Theinnerboneisaproteinmatrixonwhichthemin-
erallayer(primarilycalciumphosphate)isdepositedtoformastrongbone.Collagen,aprotein,isthe
maincomponentincartilage.Aschildrengrow,thecartilageossifies(becomesbone)asmoremineral
isincorporatedintothecartilage.
Dietandexercisearethemainfactorsthatdetermineskeletalhealth.Adietrichincalciumespe-
ciallyfavorsstrongbonedevelopment.VitaminDisessentialforcalciumtobeabsorbedfromfood.
ThebodyproducesvitaminDwhensunshinesontheskin,andmostfluidmilkhasbeenfortifiedwith
vitaminD.Foodshighincalciumincludenotonlydairyproductsbutalsosesameseeds,almonds,
salmon,sardines,oysters,andmanydarkgreenleafyvegetablessuchaskale.Softdrinksaren’t
advisableforgrowingchildren’sdiets—notonlydotheyoftensubstituteformilk,butphosphoricacid
alsocompetesdirectlywithdietarycalciumandinhibitsstrongbonemineraldevelopment.
Maximumskeletalstrengthisreachedduringadolescence.Thereafter,apersoncanmaintainskel-
etalstrength,butit’sgenerallynotpossibletoexceedthestrengththathasbeengainedatthatpoint.
Therefore,it’simportantforchildrentohavewell-balanceddietsandalifestylethatincorporatesregu-
larweight-bearingexercise.
Bonesbecomemorebrittlewithage.Olderpeoples’bonesbreakmoreeasily.Osteoporosisisa
conditionthatdevelopsinolderpeople,especiallypost-menopausalwomen.Thespongybonetissue
becomeslessdenseandmorebrittle.Weight-bearingexercise,inwhichskeletalmusclepullsagainst
thebone,strengthensandincreasesbonedensity.
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Discover1. Demonstration: Bone Properties.Holdupacleanbone,suchasaturkeyorchickendrum-
stickboneorahambone.BrainstormalistofpropertiesthatGodgivesbonesthatmakethem
functionalinourbodies.(Answerswillvarybutmayincludetheirhardness,length,howtheyfit
together,thefactthattheycontainmarrowtomakebloodcells,andsoon.)
2. Holduponeofthejarswithavinegar-coveredbonefromLet’s Find Out: What Happens to
Bone When the Calcium Is Removed?Havestudentspredicthowthebonewillbechanged.
(Makesurethatstudentswearglovesduringthisactivity.)Discussthepropertiesofthebone
thattheyputinthere(hard,white,etc.).Havestudentsfinishtheactivity.Discusshowthe
hardnesshaschanged.Explainthatthevinegarisamildacidthatdissolvedthehardlayerof
calcium.
8. What does it feel like? (It’s soft and rubbery.)
10. What would happen if all the bones in your body were like the bones in the vinegar? (We
couldn’t stand up straight, we couldn’t lift heavy things, and we couldn’t support ourselves.)
Havestudentswashtheirhandsthoroughlyafterthisactivity.
3. Havestudentsdemonstrate(mime)whattheirmovementswouldbelikeiftheirboneswere
rubbery.Discusswhatwouldbeharder(walking,sitting,chewingfood,etc.),andwhatwould
beeasierormoreadvantageous(fewerbonebreaks,curlingintosmallerspaces)iftheirbones
weren’thard.
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Develop1. Demonstration: Fracture.Holdupabrokenchickenorturkeybone.Discusswhathappens
whenabonebreaks.Introducethewordfracturetomeanabreakinabone.Havestudents
sharetheirexperienceswithbrokenbones.
2. Discussthedifferencebetweenacompoundfractureandasimplefracture.(Inasimplefrac-
tureabreakinthebonedoesn’tbreaktheskin;inacompoundfracturethebrokenbone
breaksthroughtheskin.)Discusstheimportanceofkeepingthebreakareastillandseeing
adoctorpromptly.Askwhatmighthappenifboneisn’tsetbyadoctor.(Althoughthebone
willhealandgrowbacktogether,itmightnotgrowbacktogetherasitshould.Itmightstay
crooked.)MarveltogetherthatGodgivesbonestheabilitytomendtogether.
3. Students’experienceswithbrokenbonesmaybelimitedtosituationscausedbyfallsoracci-
dents.Discussthatwhiletheimpactofafallcanbreakeventhestrongestofbones,notall
boneshavethesamestrength;weakerbonesbreakmoreeasily.
4. Askthefollowingquestions.
• Whatcouldmakesomebonesstrongerorweakerthanothers?(Answerswillvarybutmay
includebonesize,boneage,andhowthickthe“hard”bonelayeris.)
• HoldupandbendarubberybonefromtheLet’sFindOutactivity.Doyouthinkthatit’s
importanttohaveasolidlayerofmineralinyourbones?(Yes.)
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5. Discussion: Calcium.Askthefollowingquestions.
• Wheredoyouthinkyourbodygetsthemineralstomakeyourboneshard?(Wegetthese
mineralsfromfood.)Tellstudentsthatmostofthehardlayeroftheboneisamineralcalled
calcium.Eatingfoodswithlotsofcalciumhelpsyourbodymakestrongbones.
• Whichfoodsdoyouthinkhavelotsofcalcium?(Milkandfoodsmadefrommilkhavelots
ofcalcium.)Holdupamilkcontainer.
• Whatfoodsaremadefrommilk?(Yogurt,cheese,andicecreamaremadefrommilk.)
• Doyouthinkotherfoodshavecalcium,too?(Answerswillvary.)Holdupsamplesofses-
ameseeds,almonds,broccoli,salmon,and/ormolassesasexamplesoffoodsthathave
calcium.
6. Toestablishtheimportanceofexerciseindevelopingandmaintainingstrongbones,leadstu-
dentsthroughtheseinstructions.
• There’ssomethingelseyoucandotomakeandkeepyourbonesstrong.Thinkaboutwhat
thatmightbe.
• Standupanddotenjumpingjacks.
• That’sexercise!Exercisehelpsyourbonesstaystrongandhealthy.
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Reinforce/Assess1. Asaclass,readBone Care(page42)inthestudenttext,andanswertheThink Backques-
tions(page46).
1. What mineral makes bones strong and hard? (Calcium makes bones strong and hard.)
2. What can you do to keep your bones strong? (We can exercise and eat foods high in cal-
cium.)
3. Why are strong bones important? (Strong bones don’t fracture easily.)
2. Askstudentswhywekeepourboneshealthy.Studentsshouldunderstandtheimportanceof
bonestodailyactivities.TheyshouldalsounderstandthatbonesareagiftfromGodthatwe
havearesponsibilitytocarefor.
3. Activity: Bone Mobile.HavestudentsgluetwocraftstickstogetherintheshapeofanX.Have
themdraworwriteonconstructionpaperpieceswaystokeepboneshealthy.Havethemuse
yarntohangthesepiecesfromthesticks.(Savethemobilesforstudentstoaddtoduring
Lesson7.)
Extend Havestudentsresearchtheuseofseatbeltsinpreventingbrokenbones.Startaclassscrap-
bookofnewspaperclippingsaboutcaraccidents,notingwhetherthevictimswerewearing
seatbelts.Assignonestudenttobethe“accidentclerk.”Thatstudentshouldkeepthescrap-
bookandreportadditionstotheclass.
Haveinterestedstudentsfindoutaboutx-rays.Howdox-rayswork?Whatdotheyshow?
Howaretheyhelpful?Cantheybeharmful?
Havestudentsmakeamealplanforadaythatincludesfoodshighincalcium.
Havestudentsdevelopanexerciseprogramforthemselves.Evenmoderateexercisecanben-
efitbones.Havethemplantowalk,run,jumprope,ordosomeotherweight-bearingactivity
twoorthreetimesaweek.
Havestudentslistsafetyrulesforexercising.Discusstheserulesandtheimportanceofexer-
cisesafety.
Demonstratetheneedforwearingbicyclehelmets.Dropaveryripemelononafloorcovered
withprotectiveplasticornewspaper.Themelonwillshatterlikeanunprotectedskull.Repeat
theactivitywithanothermelonprotectedinsideabicyclehelmet.
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Your bones are very important. They are part of God’s plan for your body. You can take care of your bones by eating the right foods and exer-cising.
Minerals in the bone make the bones strong. The mineral from which bones are made is called calcium (KAL-see-uhm). Milk and foods made from milk have lots of calcium.
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Bone Care
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You can also get calcium by eat-ing some kinds of fish. Broccoli has a lot of
calcium. So do sesame seeds and
almonds.
Exercise also makes bones strong. When you walk, run, and jump, your bones get stronger.
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What Happens to Bone When the Calcium is Removed?
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You will need√ clean chicken bone√ protective gloves, one pair per student√ glass jar with a lid√ vinegar
Do this1. Put on the gloves.2. Feel the bone. What does it feel like? 3. Try to bend it. 4. Write down what the bone is like.5. Put the bone in the jar. Pour vinegar over it. Put the lid on the jar.6. Guess what the bone will be like in two weeks.7. Write your ideas down in your science journal.8. After two weeks, take the bone out of the jar. 9. What does it feel like? Try to bend it. 10. Write your observations in your science journal. 11. What would happen if all the bones in your body were like the bone in the vinegar?
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Exercise that puts weight on your bones makes them stronger, too.
Old people’s bones can get weak. Weak bones break more easily. Even bones that aren’t weak can break, though. A break in a bone is called a fracture (FRAK-cher).
Do you know someone who has had a fracture?
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Think Back1. What mineral makes bones strong and
hard?2. What can you do to keep your bones
strong?3. Why are strong bones important?
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FractureA bone with a fracture can heal
itself. But it must stay still a long time.
To make sure it heals right, a doctor sets the bone in position. Then you get a cast or splint on it.
In simple fractures the broken bone stays inside the skin. In compound fractures the broken bone pokes through the skin.