Lesson 2 the attkinson-shiffrin's multi-store model 2012 sh

Lesson 2 - The Attkinson -Shiffrin’s Multi Store Model

Friday, 13 April 2012

From Last Lesson.......

The processes of converting information into a form that can be stored is known as______________, whereas_______ is the process of recovering information that has been stored.


From Last Lesson.......

The processes of converting information into a form that can be stored is known as______________, whereas_______ is the process of recovering information that has been stored.

The Answer:The processes of converting information into a form that can be stored is known as Encoding, whereas retrieval is the process of recovering information that has been stored.


What you need to know and be able to do by the end of the lesson• Explain and evaluate the Atkinson-Shiffrin’s multi-store model of

memory, including the capacity and duration of each store• Explain the purpose of maintenance, elaborative rehearsal and

chuncking• Explain the ‘serial position effect’ in terms of evidence for the

Atkinson-Shiffrin’s multi-store model


MULTI-STORE MODEL


Sensory Memory

Refers to the initial, momentary recording of information in our sense organs.

The sensory memory stores an unlimited amount of information for up to a few seconds.

In general we are not aware of what is in our sensory memory.


Sensory Registers

The sensory registers act as a sub system briefly storing specific sensory information

Iconic Echoic


Iconic

The Iconic memory is the memory that deals with visual sensory information.

It is thought that the iconic memory holds exact copies, for 0.3 sec. Its storage capacity it thought to be relatively unlimited.


Echoic

Our Echoic memory is the name applied the sensory memory system that processes auditory information.

It is thought that the echoic memory holds exact copies, for 3-4 seconds. Its storage capacity it thought to be relatively unlimited.


Sperling (1960)

You have 5min to read the pages 241-242 on share with your partner the findings of Sperling’s study


Main Point

Participants could accurately recall the letters in each row, no matter what the tone specified. This means all the letters were momentarily available in sensory memory.


Sensory to Short-Term Memory

The information in sensory memory vanishes unless it captures our attention and enters short-term memory.

Attention is the to the STM


Short-Term Memory (STM)

STM is the stage between sensory and long-term memory. The short term memory is also called working memory. This is because we ‘work with’ or manipulate the information. It is not an exact replica.


STM TEST


Properties of STM

Findings from such tests show that STM has the capacity of 7 +/- 2

The STM retains items for approximately 20 sec


Improving the capacity of STM

Chunking - this involves grouping bits of information into meaningful units (chunks)

This increases the amount of information (i.e capacity) that can be held in STM at one time e.g. combining the digits 3,7,8 into single number 378


Chunking


Improving the duration of STM

Rehearsal: process of actively manipulating information to aid storage and retrievalTwo main types:Maintenance rehearsal - repetition of a sound or image over and over in a rote, mechanical way without adding meaning to itElaborative rehearsal - reorganising new and existing information in a meaningful way to aid storage and retrieval. E.g. Concept maps :)


Long- Term Memory

Capacity: Potentially unlimited

Duration: Anything

up to a lifeti

me


Evidence for the Multi-store Model

The serial

position effe

ct

Patients with Brain Damage


Criticisms of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model

Does not explain interaction between memory stores


Lesson 2 the attkinson-shiffrin's multi-store model 2012 sh

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