Lesson 2 Ppt V6
-
Upload
ipwk -
Category
Technology
-
view
21.291 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Lesson 2 Ppt V6
Hardwares of Personal Computers 1
Hardware of Personal Computers
Topic 4
Hardwares of Personal Computers 2
Part 1: Introduction
Hardwares of Personal Computers 3
What are Basic Hardware of a Personal Computer?
1. Monitor 2. Motherboard 3. CPU (Microprocessor) 4. Primary storage (RAM) 5. Expansion cards 6. Power supply 7. Optical disc drive 8. Secondary storage
(Hard disk) 9. Keyboard 10. Mouse
Figure 1. Basic hardware of a PC. (Wikipedia, 2007a)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 4
What is a Hardware?
• Hardware is the general term that is used to describe physical artifacts of a technology.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 5
Classification of Hardware
Input Devices
1
Processing Unit
2
Storage Devices
3
Output Devices
4
Figure 2. Classification of Hardware.
Key: Data flow
Hardwares of Personal Computers 6
Part 2: Input Devices
Hardwares of Personal Computers 7
What is an Input Device?
• A hardware mechanism that transforms information in the external world for consumption by a computer. (Wikipedia 2007b)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 8
Input Devices
Keyboard for the input of text and characters and also to control the operation of a computer (Wikipedia 2007c)
Mouse a pointing device by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. (Wikipedia 2007d)
Scanner a device that analyzes images, printed text, or handwriting, or an object and converts it to a digital image (Wikipedia 2007e)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 9
Input Devices
Microphone an acoustic to electric transducer or sensor that converts sound into an electrical signal. (Wikipedia, 2007f)
WebCam a real-time camera (usually, though not always, a video camera) whose images can be accessed using the World Wide Web (Wikipedia, 2007g)
Digital Camera
an electronic device used to capture and store photographs electronically in a digital format (Wikipedia, 2007h)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 10
Part 3: Processing Unit
Hardwares of Personal Computers 11
What is a Processing Unit?
• A central processing unit (CPU), is the component in a digital computer that interprets computer program instructions and processes data. (Wikipedia, 2007i)
• There are 2 major CPU manufacturers for personal computers.
Intel http://www.intel.com/
AMDhttp://www.amd.com
Figure 3. Intel Celern 2.66GHz CPU (Front)
Figure 4. Intel Celern 2.66GHz CPU (Back)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 12
How fast is a CPU?
• When you choose a CPU, you should consider its speed.
• The speed of a CPU is determined by 2 main factors.– Clock frequency– Amount of cache
memory• The higher the value, the
faster the CPU will be.
The clock frequency of The clock frequency of a CPUa CPU
Figure 5. The clock frequency of a CPU.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 13
What are Intel CPU Families for Desktop Computers?
There are 3 Intel CPU families for desktop computers:
1.Core Processorhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/index.htm
2.Pentium Processorhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/pentium.htm
3.Celeronhttp://www.intel.com/products/desktop/processors/celeron.htm
Hardwares of Personal Computers 14
What are AMD CPU Families for Desktop Computers?
There are 3 AMD CPU Families for Desktop Computers:
1.Athlon 64 FXhttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9488,00.html
2.Athlon 64 x 2 Dual – Corehttp://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_13041,00.html
3.Athlon 64http://www.amd.com/us-en/Processors/ProductInformation/0,,30_118_9485_9487,00.html
Hardwares of Personal Computers 15
TASK 1 (Individual work)
• You have learnt some searching skills for search engines, now you need to search the basic configurations and prices of the following CPUs.
• Please complete TABLE 1 and post it in the forum.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 16
TASK 1 (TABLE 1)
Intel CPU AMD CPU
CPU Model Core 2 Due E6700
Celeron D356
Athlon 64 FX – 51/940
Athlon 64 ADA 3200-CN
Clock Frequency (GHz)
Cache Memory L2 (MB)
Price (HK$)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 17
TASK 2 (Group Work)
• You are divided into groups of 4.
• Discuss the above CPU models, which are suitable for home PC or office PC used.
• Give brief reasons.
• Please post your group discussion results in the forum.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 18
What is a motherboard?
• A motherboard is the central circuit board making up a personal computer. (Wikipedia, 2007j)
Figure 6. A motherboard.CPU
RAM slot
Hardwares of Personal Computers 19
Motherboard
• A personal computer is built with the CPU, main memory, and other essential components on the motherboard.
• Other components such as external storage, controllers for video display and sound, and peripheral devices are typically attached to the motherboard via edge connectors and cables.
• In modern computers it is increasingly common to integrate these "peripherals" into the motherboard.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 20
What is a Video Card?
A video card is to generate and output images to a display. (Wikipedia, 2007k)
Figure 7. A video card.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 21
A Video Card
• If the video card is integrated in the motherboard, it will use the computer RAM memory (lower throughput). If it is not integrated, the video card will have its own video memory which is called Video RAM or VRAM.
• The VRAM capacity of most modern video cards range from 128 to 2048 MB (workstation graphics cards).
• In 2006, the VRAM was based on DDR technology, standing out DDR2, GDDR3 and GDDR4. The memory clock rate is between 400 MHz and 1.6 GHz.
• A very important element of the video memory is the Z-buffer, which manages the depth coordinates in 3D graphics. (Wikipedia, 2007k)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 22
What is a Sound Card?
A sound card is a computer expansion card that can input and output sound under control of computer programs.
• Many computers have sound capabilities built in on the motherboard, while others require these expansion cards if audio capability is desired. (Wikipedia, 2007l) Figure 8. A sound card.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 23
Part 4: Storage Devices
Hardwares of Personal Computers 24
What are Types of Storage Devices?
Storage DevicesStorage Devices
Primary StoragePrimary Storage Secondary StorageSecondary Storage
Read-Only MemoryRead-Only Memory(ROM)(ROM)
Random-Access MemoryRandom-Access Memory(RAM)(RAM)
Figure 9. Classification of storage devices.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 25
What is Primary Storage?
• Primary storage is computer memory that is directly accessible to the CPU of a computer without the use of computer's input/output channels.
• Primary storage is used to store data that is likely to be in active use. (Wikipedia, 2007m)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 26
What is ROM?
• Read-only memory (ROM) is a class of storage media used in computers.
• Data stored in ROM cannot be modified.
• ROM is a non-volatile storage. Data remains unchanged even after switching off the computer. (Wikipedia, 2007n)
• E.g. EPROM, EEPROM Figure 10. An EPROM. (Wikipedia, 2007n)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 27
What is RAM?
• Random access memory (RAM) is a type of data storage used in computers.
• It takes the form of integrated circuits that allow the stored data to be accessed in any order (random).
• Data stored in RAM can be modified.
• RAM is a volatile storage. Data will lose after switching off the computer. (Wikipedia, 2007o)
• E.g. DDRam, DDR-2 RamFigure 11. Two 512 MB DDRam.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 28
What is Secondary Storage?
• Secondary storage is computer memory that is not directly accessible to the CPU of a computer, requiring the use of computer's input/output channels.
• It is used to store data that is NOT in active use. • It is usually slower than primary storage but it al
ways has higher storage capacity.• It is non-volatile. Data remains unchanged even
after switching off the computer. (Wikipedia, 2007p)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 29
Secondary Storage
3.5” Floppy Disk• Data can be read or w
rite• Data capacity:
1.44 MB (Wikipedia, 2007q)
Figure 12. A floppy disk.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 30
Secondary Storage
Hard Disk• Data can be read or w
rite• Speed of disk rotation
usually 7200 rpm• Data capacity :
80GB, 160GB, 250GB, 300GB etc (Wikipedia, 2007r) Figure 13. A Hard disk.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 31
Secondary Storage
CD-Rom CD-R CD-RW
Data can be
Read only Read but write once
Read & write
Data capacity (MB)
650 650 650
Hardwares of Personal Computers 32
Secondary Storage
DVD DVD-R/DVD+R
DVD-RW/DVD+RW
Data can be
Read only Read but write once
Read & write
Data capacity (GB)
Single layer:
4.7
Double layer:8.5
Single layer:
4.7
Double layer:8.5
Single layer:
4.7
Double layer:8.5
Hardwares of Personal Computers 33
What are the Different Between DVD-R and DVD+R?
• The DVD-R format was developed by Pioneer in the autumn of 1997. It is supported by most DVD players, and is approved by the DVD Forum. (Wikipedia, 2007s)
• DVD+R was developed in 2002. • This format is a competing format to the DVD-R f
ormat, which is developed by the DVD Forum, it has not been approved by the DVD Forum, which claims that the DVD+R format is not an official DVD format. (Wikipedia, 2007t)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 34
Secondary Storage
Figure 14. A C-R disk.
Figure 15. A CD-RW disk.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 35
Secondary Storage
Figure 16. A DVD-R disk.
Figure 17. A DVD+RW disk.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 36
Secondary Storage
USB flash drives • They are flash memory d
ata storage devices integrated with a USB interface.
• They are typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable. (Wikipedia, 2007u)
• Data capacity:512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, etc
Figure 18. An USB flash drive.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 37
Secondary Storage
Memory Cards• e.g. SD card, CF card,
xD card, Microdrive, Memory Stick
• Data can be read or write
• Data capacity: 512 MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB etc
Figure 19. A SD card.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 38
Various Types of Memory Cards
SM Card SD Card CF Card
xD card Memory Stick MicrodriveFigure 20. Various types of memory cards.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 39
Part 5: Output Devices
Hardwares of Personal Computers 40
What is an output device?
• Output devices include any hardware that translate information processed by the computer into a form that humans can understand.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 41
Output Devices
A monitor is a piece of electrical equipment which displays texts and images.
• It generated a temporary record because the record disappear when power off.
• There are 2 major types of monitors: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) (Wikipedia, 2007v)
Figure 21. A 14” LCD monitor.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 42
The performance parameters of a monitor are:
1.Luminance 2.Size, measured diagonally
For CRT the viewable size is one inch smaller then the tube itself.
3.Dot pitch Describes the distance between pixels of the same color. In general, the lower the dot pitch (e.g. 0.24), the sharper the picture will appear.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 43
4. Response time The amount of time a pixel in an LCD monitor takes to go from active (black) to inactive (white) and back to active (black) again. It is measured in milliseconds (ms). Lower numbers mean faster transitions and therefore fewer visible image artifacts.
5. Refresh rate The number of times in a second that a display is illuminated.
6. Power consumption 7. Display resolution
The number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 44
Output Devices
A printer produces a hard copy (permanent human-readable text and/or graphics) of documents stored in electronic form, usually on physical print media such as paper.
• There are 2 major types of printers. They are inject printer and laser printer.
• The resolution of a printer is measured in dots per inch (dpi). The higher the value, the better the quality. (Wikipedia, 2007w)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 45
Output Devices
Inkjet printers operates by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper.
• They are the most common type of computer printer for the general consumer due to their low cost, high quality of output, capability of printing in vivid colour, and ease of use. (Wikipedia, 2007x) Figure 22. An HP Inkjet K5400dn
printer. (HP, 2007a)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 46
Output Devices
Laser printer• Laser printers employ
a xerographic printing process.
• Laser printers are available in both colour and black & white varieties. (Wikipedia, 2007y)
Figure 23. An HP LaserJet 1022 printer. (HP, 2007b)
Hardwares of Personal Computers 47
Task 3 (Group Work)
• You are divided into groups of 4.• Select ONE laser printer and ONE inkjet
printers• Compare the features (print speed, print
volume per month, print resolution, printer price, print cost per page) of the laser printer and the inkjet printer.
• Please post your group discussion results in the forum.
Hardwares of Personal Computers 48
Output Devices
• A loudspeaker is an electromechanical transducer which converts an electrical signal into sound. (Wikipedia, 2007z)
Figure 24. Loudspearkers
Hardwares of Personal Computers 49
References
HP. (2007a). HP Officejet Pro K5400dn. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/hk/zh/sm/WF06b/1090037-1090093-1095469-1095469-12224252-12973294-78107983.html
HP. (2007b). HP Olaser Jet 1022. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://h10010.www1.hp.com/wwpc/hk/zh/ho/WF05a/1090037-1090121-1090401-1090401-1091129-12094322.html
Wikipedia. (2007a). Personal Computer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer
Wikipedia. (2007b). Input Device. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input_device
Wikipedia. (2007c). Computer Keyboard. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_keyboard
Wikipedia. (2007d). Mouse (Computing). Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_%28computing%29
Wikipedia. (2007e). Image Scanner. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_scanner
Wikipedia. (2007f). Microphone. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone
Wikipedia. (2007g). Webcam. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam
Wikipedia. (2007h). Digital Camera. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera
Wikipedia. (2007i). Central Processing Unit. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cpu
Wikipedia. (2007j). Motherboard. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherboard
Wikipedia. (2007k). Video Card. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_card
Wikipedia. (2007l). Sound Card. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_card
Hardwares of Personal Computers 50
ReferencesWikipedia. (2007m). Primary Storage. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_storage
Wikipedia. (2007n). Read-only Memory. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory
Wikipedia. (2007o). Random Access Memory. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM
Wikipedia. (2007p). Secondary Storage. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_storage
Wikipedia. (2007q). Floppy Disk. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk
Wikipedia. (2007r). Hard Disk Drive. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk
Wikipedia. (2007s). DVD-R. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-R
Wikipedia. (2007t). DVD+R. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD%2BR
Wikipedia. (2007u). USB Flash Drive. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usb_flash_drive
Wikipedia. (2007v). Computer Display. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_display
Wikipedia. (2007w). Computer Printer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_printer
Wikipedia. (2007x). Inkject Printer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet_printer
Wikipedia. (2007y). Laser Printer. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_printer
Wikipedia. (2007z). Loudspeaker. Retrieved July 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudspeaker