A Lesson-Tour “Ukraine-Britain” Prepared by Iryna Hrechkosiy.
Lesson 2-History of Britain Part 2
-
Upload
patrickwolak -
Category
Spiritual
-
view
1.044 -
download
4
Transcript of Lesson 2-History of Britain Part 2
Part 2
Growth of CapitalismLand marketCloth industry (wool)Enclosure movement
Peasants were forced from the landPeople forced into cities
The accumulation of capital and the supply of cheap labor paved the way for the development of capitalism
Foreign Trade and the ColoniesBy the 15th century, cloth became the bulk of
Britain’s tradeNeeded to find new trading routesJohn Hawkins (1532-1595)-started slave
trade in the second part of the 16th centuryFrancis Drake (1545-1595)Chartered Companies
East India CompanyEastland Company (Mediterranean)Moscow Company (Russia and Central Asia)
Strengthening of the governmentHenry VII (1457-1509)
1) Put down revolts
2) Strengthened the law courts
3) Increased the income of the government
England was relatively peaceful during this time
ReformationDiscontent over the Catholic Church in Rome
Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wifeAsked the Pope for permission but was denied1534 “Act of Supremacy”- Henry VIII declared
head of the English Church
Henry VIII took land formerly owned by the church and sold them or gave them to his favorite subjects
Struggle between the English Church and Catholicism
The English RenaissanceSir Thomas More
William Shakespeare
John Milton
Francis Bacon
The Bourgeois Revolution (Background)Capitalist mode of production needs two
basic conditionsA large number of employed workers and
domestic marketsA large amount of capital
Early 17th century was a period of class struggleBourgeoisie and the feudalistsPeasants against the enclosure movementPoor people wanted higher wages
Civil WarJames I – insisted on the “Divine Right of Kings”Charles I – conflict between the King and
ParliamentTried to arrest members of ParliamentCivil war begins January 5th, 1642
RoyalistsSupported King (feudal nobles)
Roundheads Supported Parliament (bourgeoisie, plebes, and
peasants)
The CommonwealthMay 1649 – England declared a “commonwealth”
IrelandScotland1653 – Cromwell is proclaimed “Lord Protector”
Bourgeoisie wanted restoration of monarchy1660 Charles II proclaimed King of England
William and Mary and “The Glorious Revolution”1689 – The Bill of Rights – limited powers of the
crown
Britain after the revolutionForeign affairs
Britain becomes a stronger sea and colonial power
13 Colonies in AmericaSeven Years (1756-1763) War with France in
America and India Treaty of Paris
House of Hanover and increasing power of Parliament
Economy
More RevolutionsThe American Revolution
Treaty of Paris 1783 – Recognizes America’s independence
The French Revolution - 17891815 – Congress of Vienna
The Industrial RevolutionJames Watt 1769 – The steam engineGeorge Stephenson 1814- Steam locomotive