Lesson 12 WW II – Paths to Global War. Lesson Objectives Be able to recount the chains of events...

Lesson 12

WW II – Paths to Global War

Lesson Objectives

• Be able to recount the chains of events in the 1930's that led to the opening of hostilities in Europe and Asia .

• Understand the genesis and significant features of the strategies of each major combatant: • Germany and Japan • Britain, France, Soviet Union, U.S.

• Be able to recount and discuss the major events in World War II through the end of 1941.

• Understand the role of the advances in military technology since the end of The Great War on the events of the first two years of World War II.

The Path to Global War

History doesn’t repeat itself, but it rhymes. Attributed to Samuel Clements (1835-1910)

A

Note the repetitive patterns in this lesson:

“strife”

“… and the Western allies [or League] did nothing … “

(Remember this?)

Events

September 8, 1926 Germany joins League of Nations

August 27, 1928 Germany signs Kellogg-Briand Pact

Events



Signatories promise not to use war to resolve disputes

(Treaty still in force!)

Events



Hitler becomes chancellorJanuary 30, 1933

October 19, 1933 Germany withdraws from League

January 26, 1934 Germany signs 10 yr non-aggression pact with Poland

August 2, 1934 President Hindenburg dies; Hitler declares himself Führer

Events

March 16, 1935 Germany announces conscription, formation of new army units, navy ships and an air force

German rearmament now out in the open!

Hitler Assumes Power

"The Circle of Modern War" and logo© Thomas D. Pilsch 2007-2013

(4:09 -9:26)

Rearmament Propaganda

Caption:

"With an insufficient military, Germany can be blockaded both by land and sea."

Source

Hans Riegler, Heer, Flotte und Luftwaffe. Wehrpolitisches Taschenbuch * (Berlin: Verlag für vaterländische Literatur, 1935)

* Army, Navy and Air Force. Military Political Paperback

Rearmament Propaganda

Caption:

"Germany's industrial areas, unlike those of France, are defenseless in defortified or even demilitarized

border zones."

Source

Hans Riegler, Heer, Flotte und Luftwaffe. Wehrpolitisches Taschenbuch * (Berlin: Verlag für vaterländische Literatur, 1935)

* Army, Navy and Air Force. Military Political Paperback

Hauptindustriegebiete = main industrial areas

Events

March 16, 1935 Germany announces conscription, formation of new army units, navy ships and an air force

Germany occupies Rhineland, successfully challenging France

March 7, 1936

Italy invades Ethiopia; League of Nations imposes economic sanctions

October 3, 1935

RhinelandRe-occupied by Germany – March 7, 1936

Events

October 25, 1936 Germany & Italy form Berlin-Rome Axis

November 1936 Germany & Japan sign Anti-Comintern Pact

Attempt by Germany & Japan to isolate Soviet Union

Events

October 25, 1936 Germany & Italy form Berlin-Rome Axis

November 1936 Germany & Japan sign Anti-Comintern Pact

Hitler renounces Versailles TreatyJanuary 17, 1937

July 7, 1937 Sino-Japanese War begins

Hitler discusses secret plan for Lebensraum (“living space”)

November 5, 1937

March 12, 1938 Germany annexes Austria (Anschluss)

Events

May 20, 1938 Czechoslovakia mobilizes over German pressure against Sudetenland

Events

September 29, 1938 Munich Conference

Peace In Our Timehttp://homepage.eircom.net/~finnegam/war/peace.htm

Chamberlain, Léger, Hitler, Mussolini Britain France Germany Italy

Events

September 30, 1938 Chamberlain: “Peace for our time”

Peace For Our Timehttp://library.byu.edu/~rdh/eurodocs/uk/peace.html

"My good friends, for the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has returned from Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time... Go home and get a nice quiet sleep."

Hitler Emboldened


( 9:27 – 10:35 )

Man of the Year - 1938

January 2, 1939

Baron Rudolph Charles von Ripper Click for source

Events

October 1, 1938 Germany acquires Sedetenland

March 10, 1939 Germany occupies Czechoslovakia

Hitler: Opportunist or Strategist?

Why did Hitler invade Czechoslovakia?

Remember This?

Hitler: Eye on Russia


Why did Hitler invade Czechoslovakia?⌃

else

LA Times, March 18, 1938


Why did Hitler invade Czechoslovakia?⌃

else

Skoda Works -Pilsen, Czechoslovakiac 1938

Skoda T-21 Tank

War in Europe Erupts


(40:14 - 50:45)

Hitler’s Pre-War Expansion

Germany occupies Rhineland, successfully challenging France

March 7, 1936

Summary

March 12, 1938 Germany annexes Austria (Anschluss)

Sept 29, 1938 Munich Conference

Chamberlain: “Peace for our time”Sept 30, 1938

October 1, 1938 Germany acquires Sedetenland

March 10, 1939 Germany occupies Czechoslovakia

Events

August 23, 1939 Hitler negotiates non-aggression pact with Soviet Union (Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)

Holocaust Encyclopedia

Germany invades PolandSeptember 1, 1939

.. and the 20 year armistice was ended

Events

September 27, 1940 Axis Tripartite Pact

Previously….In the Western Pacific

Japan had been at war in China since 1931

Japanese ExpansionEmpire of Japan - 1910

Conquest of Korea1910

Second Sino-Japanese War

Japan had been at war with China since 1931

1937 - 1945

Conquest of ManchuriaSeptember 1931

Second Sino-Japanese War

Japan had been t war with China since 1931

1937 - 1945

Japanese Conquest1937-1941

Nanking MassacreDecember 1937

“The Rape of Nanking”

Over 300,000 people butchered

Red Sun Rising


(10:47-20:37)

Yangtze River PatrolBackground

US Navy had a presence on Yangtze River 1856-1941• Fallout from the “Unequal Treaties” negotiated by Western powers after the Opium Wars (1839-1842 & 1856-1860)

Yangtze Patrol began 1922 as part of US Asiatic Squadron• Protected US interests (shipping) along the river

Attack on USS PanayDecember 12, 1937

USS Panay sinking - 12 Dec 1937

Attack on USS PanayDecember 12, 1937

Attack on ShipPreliminary Events Sinking of Ship

2:15

Thesis

The grand scope of World War II was determined by a battle you never heard of fought before the war in Europe began.

Japan’s Next StepAfter China

Two factions in Japanese government

• “Northern” Faction (Northern Strike Group)

• Led by Army

• Favored move north into USSR

• “Southern” Faction (Southern Strike Group)

• Led by Navy

• Favored move south into Dutch East Indies

Events

July-August 1939 Battle of Khalkin Gol (Nomonhan)

The most significant battle you’ve never heard of!

A

Events

July-August 1939 Battle of Khalkin Gol (Nomonhan)

• Japan abandoned northern strategy

Reader’s Companion to Military History: Khalkin Gol

Soviet victory

Significance:

• Turned south • Set up confrontation with US

• USSR able to divert resources toward the west and Germany

• Established Gen. Georgi Zhukov as armor commander

Japan’s Path to WarIncrease in Militarism in Japanese society

Japan’s Path to War

Increase in Militarism in Japanese society

US moves Pacific Fleet to Hawaii (May 1940)

US embargos iron & steel exports to Japan (Sep 1940)

Vichy government accedes to Japanese request for bases in southern Indochina (July 1941)

Great East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere declared (Aug 1940)

Move into northern French Indochina (Sep 1940)

Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis formed (Tripartite Pact, Sep 1940)

Japan’s Oil Lifeline1941

.Cam Ranh Bay(major anchorage)

Japan Occupies Southern Indochina

Japan’s Path to War

Increase in Militarism in Japanese society

US moves Pacific Fleet to Hawaii (May 1940)

US embargos iron & steel exports to Japan (Sep 1940)

Vichy government accedes to Japanese request for bases in southern Indochina (July 1941)

US embargos shipments of oil to Japan (Jul 1941)

Great East-Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere declared (Aug 1940)

Move into northern French Indochina (Sep 1940)

Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis formed (Tripartite Pact, Sep 1940)

Events

December 7, 1941 US Pacific Fleet attacked at Pearl Harbor

Japanese Decision to War

Calculated risk?

Risky calculation?

or

Instruments of National Power

Diplomacy

Information

Military

Economic Power

Resolve

What did the Japanese miss?


Allied and Axis GDPhttp://www.onwar.com/articles/f0302.htm

Economic Power

Economic Power

Wikipedia


Diplomacy

Information

Military

Economic Power

Resolve

What else did the Japanese miss?


Diplomacy

Information

Military

Economic Power

Resolve

What else did the Japanese miss?

Resolve

Japanese Decision to War

"One can search military history in vain for an operation more fatal to the aggressor."

Samuel Eliot Morison, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, Vol. III, The Rising Sun in the Pacific

To be continued …

The Path to Global War

History doesn’t repeat itself, but it rhymes. Attributed to Samuel Clements (1835-1910)

Note the repetitive patterns in this lesson:

“strife”

“… and the Western allies [or League] did nothing … “

(Remember this?)

What patterns do we see here?

The Gathering Storm


Much of the video in this lecture is fromEpisode 1: The Gathering Storm

Lesson 13

WW II – 1940: Fall of France & Battle of Britain

Lesson Objectives

• Describe the sequence and implications of events from the invasion of Poland to the fall of France.

• Be able to describe and analyze the German strategy in the Battle of Britain.

• Describe the impact of new technology on the Battle of Britain.

• Begin to understand the implications of strategic air warfare in World War II.

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Lesson 12 WW II – Paths to Global War. Lesson Objectives Be able to recount the chains of events...

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Transcript of Lesson 12 WW II – Paths to Global War. Lesson Objectives Be able to recount the chains of events...