Lesson 12Prepositions

Prepositions

1. Prepositions are used with gen., dat., or acc. case (“oblique” cases).

2. They help define the case, make it more specific (# 74).

3. Some prepositions have different meanings depending on case of the noun (cf. u`po, # 57( para, # 74).

Prepositions

4. Prepositions ending in a vowel drop the vowel before a word beginning with a vowel (elision):a. avpo. avrch/j becomes avp v avrch/j)b. para. auvtw/n becomes parV auvtw/n)c. Exceptions: pro, and peri, do not elide.

5. Before words beginning with a vowel, evk changes to evx (volatilization).• evk Aivgu,ptou becomes evx Aivgu,ptou)• Before rough breathing t becomes q and p becomes f)

Compound Verbs

1. Many verbs are formed by prefixing a preposition to a simple verb.

2. The resulting meaning may be totally predictable – or not (# 75).a. evk ! ba,llw = evkba,llw = I throw out.

b. sun ! a,gw = suna,gw = I gather together.

c. para ! lamba,nw = paralamba,nw = I take, receive.

3. Before verbs beginning with a vowel, prepositions ending in a vowel drop the vowel; evk changes to evx (# 76).

a. para, ! e;cw = pare,cw = I cause, bring about, offer.

b. evk ! evballon = evxe,ballon = I was throwing out.

Compound Verbs

4. To augment a compound verb (# 76):a. First remove the preposition.b. Augment the verb part as usual (syllabic or temporal).c. Then put the preposition back on (“internal” augment).

d. Elision or volatilization may occur: vowel at end of prep. will drop (except pro, and peri,); k changes to x.

e. Impf. of paralamba,nw = para ! ela,mbanon = parela,mbanon)

f. Impf. of suna,gw = sun ! h/gon = sunh/gon) (Accent is correct. Though verb accent is recessive, in compounds the accent never precedes the augment.)

g. Impf. of avposte,llw = avpo ! e,stellon = avpe,stellon $o elides%)

h. Impf. of evkba,llw = evk ! e,ballon = evxe,ballon (k volatilizes).

Homework

• Study Lesson 12, including vocabulary.

• Conjugate avposte,llw in all tenses we’ve had (be careful with impf.).

• Exercises # 77.

• Read Lesson 13.