On Talishi Oblique Case 3

8/3/2019 On Talishi Oblique Case 3

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ON TALISHI OBLIQUE CASE :

A CASE OF SYNCRITISM

SHADI DAVARI, PH.D STUDENT OF GENERAL

LINGUISTICS, AZAD UNIVERSITY,TEHRAN

SCIENCE & RESEARCH BRANCH


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OVERVIEW Old Iranian Languages had a rich case system lost by

better-known stages of Middle Persian and Parthian ,however, various modern WI languages,such as Tlishi stillretain the inherited two-term case system, direct versusoblique,of very earliest stages of Middle period.

Talishi oblique case is a syncretic case representing formerdistinct semantic roles merging into one.

The first aim of this presentation is to determine Talishicase syncretism type and the second is accounting itsoblique case a polysemic category having the expresssion of

the possessor as the core function and the other attestedfunctions as metaphorical extension from the nuclearmeaning of the possessor.

The bulk of the data comes from Naghzguye kohan(1994)field work at dehestan e Taskuh, a major area belonging toMasal, southern Talish.


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CASE SYNCRETISM

By the term case syncretism we understand thecombination of multiple distinct case values in a

single form. Distinct case values are determined on a

language-specific basis,so that case syncretism bythis definition involves an observable asymmetrybetween paradigms within a language.

In the most obvious pattern,multiple case formsin one paradigm correspond to a single case formin another.


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POSSIBLE INTERPRETATIONS 0N THESYNCRETISM ENCODING APPROACH

1. Morphologic: treating syncretism as a purelymorphological phenomenon: case forms arestipulated as being identical,without reference to

their function.On this interpretation,syncretismdemonstrates the independence of morphologystructure.

2. Typologic: treating syncretism from a boardercross-linguistic perspective and considering it

being motivated by a shared meaning or function.This interpretation enables us to predict whichcases should be syncretic with each other andfind these repeated across languages.


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FRAMEWORK This study builds upon Baerman`s case

syncretism classificationframework(2009)dividing case syncretism intofour types cross-linguistically,numbered in

decreasing order of their cross-linguisticfrequencies: Type1:syncretism of the core cases. Type2:syncretism of a core case with some non-

core case. Type3:syncretism between non-core cases. Type4: case syncretism compounded with some

other features,such as number (displayingtype1or 2 as well.


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CASE SYSTEM IN TALISHI

Present Tense Past Tense

Nominative-Accusative Double- Oblique


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CONCEPTUAL SPACE FOR PARTICIPANT ROLES INTRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE SITUATIONS

intransitive event transitive event

A

S

P


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SEMANTIC MAPS OF SYNTACTIC ROLESDEFINED BY CASE MARKING IN TALISHI

Nominative-Accusative Double-Oblique

A

S

P

SS A


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CASE MARKERS IN TALISHI SPLIT CASESYSTEM

Nominative-Accusative Double - Oblique

SG PL SG PL

A ,S :

P: - i,

A,S: -en

P :-un,-an

S:

A ,P: -i

S: -en

A ,P: -un


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EXAMPLES

Nominative-Accusative System 1.ftv sman-i ku barma Sun-S3SG sky-OBL 3SG PO shine-PRES3SG Sun shines in the sky.

2.maryam esmal-i evar-i kora derza maryam-S3SG esmal-OBL3SG trousers-

OBL3SG AUX mend-PRES 3SG Maryam sews Esmail`s trousers.


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Double Oblique System

maryam-i xalw-unutea

maryam-OBL3SG cloth-OBL3PL wash-PAST3SG

Maryam washed the clothes.


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TALISHI POSTPOSITIONS AS CASEASSIGNERS

Talishi postpositions function as heads governingtheir noun phrase dependent and assigning theoblique case which is a polysemy of differentsemantic roles.

1.ku xar- i ekam-i ku sumbur

daika donkey- OBL3SG belly-OBL PO leech hang on-

PRES3SG

allativelocativeessiveablative


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2.rallativebenefactive

3.nainstrumental

comitative


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GRAMMATICAL CASES REPRESENTED BYTALISHI OBLIQUE CASE

1. nominative 2.accusative 3.genitive 4.ablative 5.allative 6.essive 7.benefactive 8. commitative 9.locative 10.instrumental


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DIFFERENT POSSESSORCLASSIFICATION

1. Prospective Possessor(croft

1991)2. Retrospective Possessor


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METAPHORICAL EXTENSIONS OF TALISHI

SEMANTIC ROLE OF POSSESSOR

POSSESSORA. Nominative: refering to the subject of the

verb,is conceived as the possessor of the action.B. Genitive: is perceived as the possessor of

another noun.C. Essive & Locative: are conceptualized as the

possessors of the time and location of the action.

D. Instrumental: is conceived as the possessor ofthe performance of the action.E. Commitative:is conceptualized as the

integretive part of the subject(possessor) orobject(prospective possessor)


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PROSPECTIVE POSSESSOR

A. ALLATIVE is conceived as theprospective Possessor of somethingthat is transferred from a person toanother;

B. PATIENT is perceived as theprospective Possessor of any effect ofa transitive verb.

C. BENEFACTIVE is represented as

the prospective Possessor of thepositive or negative effects of a givenaction.

Pagina 17

Possessor

Possession

Prospective

Possessor

Possession


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RETROSPETIVE POSSESSOR

ABLLATIVE: is perceived as the retrospectivepossessor of a noun ( indicating the movementfrom something or someone to something orsomeone else)or a cause.


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CONCLUSION According to this study: 1.case syncretism may represent either of two things : ( i)

an underlying semantic or functional unity ,( ii) amorphologically defined identity of form. Clear examples of( i) may be taken to demonstrate interrelationships

between the semantic or functional components ofcase,while clear examples of (ii) may be taken todemonstrate theautonomy of morphology.

2. Based on typologic classification of Baerman(2009),Talishi was regarded as the fourth type of case syncretismwhich showed this phenomenon in both core and non-corecases .

3. Considering Talishi oblique case as a syncretic case or apolysemic category, expression of the possessor wasregarded as the core function and other function untypicalof the possessor could be best be interpreted asmetaphorical extensions from the nuclear meaning of thepossessor.


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On Talishi Oblique Case 3

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