Lesson 11 - Parenting
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Transcript of Lesson 11 - Parenting
Lesson 11 - Parenting Robert Wonser
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Parenting
Parenting is the process of nurturing, caring for, socializing, and preparing one's children for their eventual adult roles.
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Socialization
Socialization is the process by which people learn characteristics of their group’s norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.
From the first moments of life, children begin a process of socialization wherein parents, family, and friends establish an infant’s social construction of reality which is what people define as real because of their background assumptions and life experiences with others.
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An average U.S. child’s social construction of reality includes knowledge that he or she belongs, can depend on others to meet their needs, and has privileges and obligations that accompany membership in their family and community.
Primary socialization includes all the ways the newborn is molded into a social being, capable oaf interacting in and meeting the expectations of society. Most primary socialization is facilitated by the family, friends, school, and various forms of media.
Annette Lareau’s ‘Unequal Childhoods’Concerted cultivation vs accomplishment of natural
growthWhat are the different outcomes?Notice how one’s position in society affects how one
rears children.
SOCIAL CLASS AND PARENTING
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Childhood DependenceIndividuation is the process of separating oneself, one’s identity, and one’s dependence on others, especially on parents.
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Children's Independence and Their Ability to Nurture Others Over Certain
Life Course Stages
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The trick is to find a balance between control and freedom
The model on the next slide leads to an ideal outcome of having raised children who are independent co-adults.
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An Ideal Parenting Approach for the First 20 Years of Life
Enmeshment between parents and children occurs when they weave their identities so tightly around one another that it renders them both incapable of functioning independently.
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Behaviorism and the Cognitive Model
Behaviorism is a theory of learning that simply states that children will repeat behaviors that they perceive to bring a desired reward while ceasing behaviors that they perceive bring punishments.
Cognitive model of parenting is an approach that applies reason and clarification to the child in a persuasive effort to get them to understand why they should behave a certain way.
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Examples of Rewards and Punishments for Children
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Types of ParentingRescue parents are constantly interfering with their children’s activities
Dominating Parents over control and coerce their children.
Mentoring Parents tend to negotiate and share control with their children.
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Co-AdulthoodCo-adulthood is the status children attain when they are independent, capable of fulfilling responsibilities and roles, and confident in their own identities as emerging adults.
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Infant Mortality (IM) and Life Expectancy (LE), 2007
Country IM LE
Albania 20.0 77.6
Angola 184.4 37.6
Australia 4.6 80.6
Austria 4.5 79.2
Bangladesh 59.1 62.8
Brazil 27.6 72.2
Canada 4.6 80.3
China 22.1 72.9
Costa Rica 9.5 77.2
France 4.2 79.9
Germany 4.1 79.0
Greece 5.3 79.4
Guatemala 29.8 69.7
Iran 38.1 70.6
Country IM LE
Japan 3.2 81.4
Mozambique 109.9 40.9
South Africa 59.4 42.5
Spain 4.3 79.8
Sri Lanka 19.5 74.8
Sweden 2.8 80.6
Switzerland 4.3 80.6
United Kingdom 5.0 78.7
United States 6.4 78.0
Venezuela 20.9 74.8
Zimbabwe 51.1 39.5
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How active is your young child?18 month old Alyssa24 hours4,652 separate activities221 behavioral categories
Watches/looks at something 643Manipulates an object 96Cries 62Screams 17Sings 22Falls down 9Walks 299
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PreschoolersPractice gross and fine motor skills
move and investigate their world pour milk
age-appropriateLimitsChores
Trash Clean room Change sheets Sweep Vacuum Dishwasher Fold laundry Feed pets Yard work Clean bathrooms
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Parents Parent Differently
Most mothers spend more time in childcare and housework activities than fathers
In less than 15% of married-couple families do the father and mother share equally in HW and CCMothers take careFathers play
In less than 2% of married-couple families are the fathers the full-time homemaker
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Parenting StylesAuthoritative/Democratic StyleAuthoritative/Democratic StyleAuthoritarian StyleAuthoritarian StylePermissive StylePermissive StyleRejecting Style Rejecting Style Uninvolved StyleUninvolved Style
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Parental Alliance Respect each others’ differencesRespect each others’ differences
Parents are a parenting alliance -- Parents are a parenting alliance -- present united front to childrenpresent united front to children
Marital conflict can affect parenting Marital conflict can affect parenting alliancealliance
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Effects of Life StressStress decreases ability to:
Be patient or relaxMeet children’s needsBe emotionally responsiveShow affectionGive praise
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Effects of Life StressStress increases tendency to:
Be strict and criticizePunish and spank
Sources of stress?
Coping strategies?
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Children Affect ParentingSome children’s needs are more Some children’s needs are more
difficult to meetdifficult to meet
What works for one child may not What works for one child may not work for anotherwork for another
Some children have special needsSome children have special needs
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Effective Discipline
Purpose of disciplinePurpose of disciplinelearn self-controllearn self-controldevelop consciencedevelop conscience
Children respond best in the context Children respond best in the context of loving, trusting relationship of loving, trusting relationship
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Effective Discipline
ConsistentPositive (rewards) rather than negative (punishments)Catch them being good
Behavioral expectations clearDevelopmentally appropriateSevere punishment is counterproductive
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Conscious ParentingHow children are socialized if often not thought about consciously.
What types of things are we likely to reproduce in our children if we don’t actively focus on what we do?
ExamplesCinderella ate my daughter!Troublesome aspects of masculinity
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Looking for quality childcareDo the kids look happy?Is there a “good feeling” there?LicensedAdequate space for indoor and outdoor playIs food appetizing?Staff training and adequate numberTV/video gamesActivity plan
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Your neighbor has a child with special needs, what theory could you use to help understand the challenges of this family?
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