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Temi elaborato Esame di Stato 2020

1.

Il/la candidato/a rifletta sull'argomento assegnato attingendo da quanto studiato e soprattutto da

letture/interessi/esperienze personali.

In “The value of Science” (1854), the French philosopher Jules Henri Poincarè wrote: “The

fear of Science comes especially from the awareness it can’t give us any happiness”. Discuss.

A finales del siglo XIX y a principio del siglo XX, frente al gran desarrollo cient ífico, los

poetas y los intelectuales empezaron a percibir nuevas inquietudes y reaccionar con nuevas

formas. Comenta.

2.



As Nelson Mandela said, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the

world.” Reflect and discuss about this statement.

En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX la educación volvió a ser dominada por la Iglesia (Constitución

de 1876) pero algunos intelectuales fundaron la Istitución de Libre Enseñanza. ¿Cuál es la

imprtancia y el rol de esta institución?

3.



Monsters, witches, outcasts, “uncivilized” non-western people, savages… are all symbols of the

figure of the “other” that produces a convenient division between “us” (the good ones) and “them”

(the bad ones). Reflect and discuss about the standardization to common values and the fact to be

considered “different”.

Incluso dentro del mismo País se producen fracturas que llegan a ser drámaticas: en España esta

fractura produjo dos actitudes, dos mundos que han llegado a odiarse y considerarse “buenos” y

“malos”, según el punto de vista. Comenta el nacimiento y el desarrollo de “las dos Españas”.

4.



“Femme fatale” or “angel of the house”? Reflect about the different roles and “labels” attributed to

women.

El papel de la mujer: reflexiona acerca de los cambios de mentalidad a lo largo del siglo XX.

5.



A “Revolution” is not only a political, social, historical event but it may also assume other

metaphorical meanings and shades. Consider and discuss the concepts of “revolution” and

“rebellion”.

Los personajes “rebeldes” de la literatura y/o de la historia española.

6.



Heroes and anti-heroes: from myth to demythicization.

A lo largo de los últimos dos siglos la idea de “héroe” ha ido evolucionando. Reflexiona y comenta.

7.



Has the TIME always existed? According to St. Augustine it was born together with the human

being and it exists only for us. Nowadays time is getting more and more precious because it flows

very quickly while we should use it in order to become wiser, more mature, more “perfect”. How

may this be possible if it is flying away? Discuss.

La percepción del tiempo puede variar de manera impactante: a veces los cambios se producen con

rapidez, a veces todo parece conservarse durante siglos. Reflexiona y comenta.

8.



According to Robin Yong, a popular Australian photographer, “We travel not to escape life, but for

life not to escape us.” Reflect on this statement considering different perspectives.

El viaje se acompaña a menudo al crecimiento, a los cambios. Reflexiona sobre tus estudios y

experiencias y comenta.

9.



Oscar Wilde said: “To live is the rarest thing in the world. Most people exist, that is all.” Reflect

and discuss on life as a work of art.

Para fugarse de la insatisfacción y de la tristeza el individuo sensible, a veces, construye lugares

perfectos en medio de la imperfección. ¿Qué opinas acerca de este tema?

10.



It is a truism that we must remember the past or else be condemned to repeat it. Nevertheless,

human beings often make the same mistakes. Consider how the memory of a historical past and the

faith in the future progress may coexist or be doomed to be eternally in contrast.

“Olvido” y “memoria” en la evolución histórica y política de España.

11.



In his book “Walden; or, Life in the Woods”, Henry David Thoreau, an American writer of the XIX

century, wrote: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential

facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover

that I had not lived.” Consider Thoreau’s words regarding “the woods”, i.e. the role of Nature in

human beings’ life.

Naturaleza triste y perfecta, naturaleza violenta o acogedora. Reflexiona acerca de las diferentes

caras de la naturaleza que has encontrado en tus estudios y experiencias.

12.



It is commonly said that our age is still “ a child to Romanticism”, since Romanticism contributed

to forge the perception of the world we have. To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Se suele decir que algunos valores, perspectivas y experiencias novedosas han llegado a nuestra

época del Romanticismo. ¿Estás de acuerdo?

13.



The present sanitary emergency due to COVID-19 has provoked a sudden and unexpected increase

of smart-working and use of IT in every aspect of human life, from school lessons to leisure and

shopping for food. Some people are enthusiastic of this news in which they see an anticipation of

the future. On the contrary, some other people warn about the dangers of such a technological

development which could deeply affect our lives, transforming us into robots or automatons

incapable of human relationships. Isolation, alienation and the risk of becoming slaves of

technologies are just a few of the dangers waiting for us. Consider and discuss both points of views.

Sobre todo en esta época se ha vuelto necesario reflexionar sobre la relación entre individuos y

desarrollo tecnológico o sea sobre ventajas y desventajas de los cambios que, en nuestra

modernidad, nos afectan. Opina acerca de este tema.

14.



Painting, poetry, novel-writing, music… all artistic forms could be a mere hobby but also an

important part of education since they favour the development of sensitivity and sympathy.

Sometimes, however, they may also represent the means through which each and every one of us is

looking for their own truest self. Do you agree?

La relación entre las diferentes formas de arte y expresión de la identidad y la relación entre arte y

educación libre. Reflexiona y comenta.

15.



“An art whose medium is language will always show a high degree of critical creativeness, for

speech is itself a critique of life: it names, it characterizes, it passes judgment, in that it creates.”

(Thomas Mann) Human society is highly-developed thanks to communication. However, is

language actually a resource or is it a limit?

La lengua es el medio por el que, principalmente, los individuos comunicamos. ¿Para ti nuestra

lengua es un “rebelde, mezquino idioma” (G.A.Bécquer) o un recurso sin límites?

16.



“Opinions cannot survive if one has no chance to fight for them.” (Thomas Mann) Is it possible to

die for an ideal?

Los ideales y la libertad individual para expresarlos:¿qué importancia tienen para el ser humano?

17.



Still nowadays it is possible to detect a certain taste for dark and gloomy atmospheres, cemeteries,

death in novels, horror films and even computer games. Consider these elements and the importance

of the setting in the English and Spanish literature studied.

Hasta hoy en día se puede reconocer cierto gusto para las atmósferas lóbregas y sombrías,

cementerios y conventos en novelas, videojuegos etc. Considera estos elementos y su importancia

en el marco literario que conoces.

18.



“Nowadays people know the price of everything and the value of nothing” (from “The Picture of

Dorian Gray”, Oscar Wilde). This quotation reminds us that economic and utilitarian values are

only one type of value and many things we value may be impossible to put a price on. Discuss this

issue considering different types of value and implications of judging things by economic value

alone.

“Que es mi barco mi tesoro”, con estas palabras Espronceda expresa el rechazo para los bienes

materiales y, tal vez, para los ideales de una civilización que aprecia estos bienes por encima de

todo. Reflexiona y comenta.

19.



“It is a strange fact that freedom and equality, the two basic ideas of democracy, are to some extent

contradictory.” Do you agree with this statement? Consider how the principles of equality and

democracy are presented in the literary texts you have studied and how they affect your life, choices

and readings.

Alcanzar la democracia puede ser un pasaje complejo y con un precio para pagar. Reflexiona y

comenta.

20.



Environmental pollution, healthy life-style, diets are main concerns of contemporary society. How

have these topics changed if you compare the present with the past as outlined in the literary texts

you have studied?

El desarrollo económico se ha producido paralelamente a cambios en la vida diaria y en las

relaciones y, tal vez, con la pérdida de algo. Relaciona estos temas con tus conocimientos literarios

y tu experiencia personal.

21.



In the past Death was an integral part of Life: people dressed in mourning clothes, went on

pilgrimages to shrines and cemeteries and worshipped past memories. On the contrary, Death has

now become “the Unutterable” : everything takes place and human beings behave as if they were

immortal. Do you agree with this idea? In which ways are Life and Death present in the literary

texts you have studied?

En el pasado, la muerte era una parte integral de la vida: las personas vestidas con ropa de luto,

peregrinaban a santuarios y cementerios y adoraban recuerdos pasados. Por el contrario, hoy la

Muerte se ha convertido en "lo Indecible": todo tiene lugar y los seres humanos se comportan como

si fueran inmortales. ¿Estás de acuerdo con esta idea? ¿De qué maneras están presentes Vida y

Muerte en los textos literarios que has estudiado?

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