LEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANTARIKSA NASIONALLEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANTARIKSA NASIONALINDONESIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACEINDONESIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

Orbita RoswintiartiOrbita RoswintiartiNatural Resources and Environmental Monitoring DivisionNatural Resources and Environmental Monitoring DivisionIndonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and SpaceIndonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Spacehttp://www.rs.lapan.go.id/SIMBAhttp://www.rs.lapan.go.id/SIMBA

““FireWatch Indonesia:FireWatch Indonesia:Information and Communication Technology Information and Communication Technology

Collaboration Plan”Collaboration Plan”

Presented at the “Presented at the “Inter-Agency Collaboration for Improved Use of ICTInter-Agency Collaboration for Improved Use of ICTfor Strategic and Effective Forest Fire Fighting in Indonesia” Workshopfor Strategic and Effective Forest Fire Fighting in Indonesia” Workshop

Jakarta, 3 September 2007Jakarta, 3 September 2007

Land/Forest Fire vs ENSOLand/Forest Fire vs ENSO

The land/forest fires in Indonesia occur every year, while the severe The land/forest fires in Indonesia occur every year, while the severe fires often associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) fires often associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.events.

SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY AT NINO 3.4 REGION (5°N-5°S; 170°-120°W)

-3.0

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Nino

3.4

SST

A

1982/83

1986/87 1991/92

1994/95

1997/98

2002

2006

1984/85

1988/89

1998/2000

SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALY AT NINO 3.4 REGION (5°N-5°S; 170°-120°W)

-3.0

-2.5

-2.0

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Year

Nino

3.4

SST

A

1982/83

1986/87 1991/92

1994/95

1997/98

2002

2006

1984/85

1988/89

1998/2000

ENSO vs Global WarmingENSO vs Global Warming

El Niño events have El Niño events have become become more more frequentfrequent as the as the global temperature global temperature anomalies associated anomalies associated with each El Niño with each El Niño continue to increase. continue to increase.

The warmer The warmer conditions have been conditions have been linked to linked to higher higher concentrations of concentrations of atmospheric atmospheric greenhouse gasesgreenhouse gases. . Source: NCDC/NOAA

Impacts of the Land/Forest FireImpacts of the Land/Forest Fire Economic impact:Economic impact:

Damage and decline in the quality Damage and decline in the quality of forest growing stockof forest growing stock

Reduced landscape stabilityReduced landscape stability Increased proneness to pest and Increased proneness to pest and

diseasesdiseases Reduced availability of forest-Reduced availability of forest-

based raw material suppliesbased raw material supplies Loss of material goods and Loss of material goods and

servicesservices Affected agricultural productivity Affected agricultural productivity

and tourismand tourism etc.etc.

Environmental impact:Environmental impact: Contribute to global climate Contribute to global climate

change and warmingchange and warming Haze: Reduced visibility, transport Haze: Reduced visibility, transport

disruption, and health hazardsdisruption, and health hazards etc.etc.

Ecological impact:Ecological impact: Degradation of vegetation qualityDegradation of vegetation quality Erosion of biodiversityErosion of biodiversity Damage to the health of the forest Damage to the health of the forest

ecosystemecosystem Plant mortalityPlant mortality Loss of wildlife habitat and wildlifeLoss of wildlife habitat and wildlife Pollution in rivers and estuariesPollution in rivers and estuaries etc.etc.

Social impact:Social impact: Displacement of communitiesDisplacement of communities Loss of income sourcesLoss of income sources Dwindling livelihood opportunitiesDwindling livelihood opportunities etc.etc.

Source: Fire, Smoke and Haze –The ASEAN Response Strategy (2001)

Prevention - Information and CommunicationPrevention - Information and Communication

Prevention Prevention is the easiest and cheapest way to suppress a is the easiest and cheapest way to suppress a fire before it starts.fire before it starts.

One of the Prevention components is providing the One of the Prevention components is providing the early early warning and monitoring warning and monitoring of weather, vegetation of weather, vegetation greenness, fire danger, fire spotting, air quality conditions, greenness, fire danger, fire spotting, air quality conditions, etc.etc.

The occurrence of the land/forest fire could not be The occurrence of the land/forest fire could not be avoided, but its impacts could be lessened. This is avoided, but its impacts could be lessened. This is because the Prevention information could be because the Prevention information could be measuredmeasured, , therefore the land/forest fire could be therefore the land/forest fire could be managedmanaged..

For effective Prevention, For effective Prevention, information on fire and haze information on fire and haze forecasting and monitoring forecasting and monitoring should be deliveredshould be delivered through through reliable and fast communication system and facilityreliable and fast communication system and facility..

Current ProblemsCurrent Problems

Most of the satellite data receivers in Indonesia Most of the satellite data receivers in Indonesia do not operate optimal. do not operate optimal.

Most of the data processing are done manually.Most of the data processing are done manually. Different fire detection algorithms resulted Different fire detection algorithms resulted

different information. different information. Although data and information are spread among Although data and information are spread among

various institutions (inside and outside various institutions (inside and outside Indonesia), they often cannot be communicated in Indonesia), they often cannot be communicated in time when needed. time when needed.

Existing Fire-related InformationExisting Fire-related Information

LAPAN: LAPAN: http://www.rs.lapan.go.id/SIMBAhttp://www.rs.lapan.go.id/SIMBA

Ministry of Forestry (MoF): Ministry of Forestry (MoF): http://ewds-ffpmp2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/http://ewds-ffpmp2.hp.infoseek.co.jp/ewds/menu/eindex.htmewds/menu/eindex.htm

• Meteorological and Geophysical Meteorological and Geophysical Agency (BMG): Agency (BMG): http://www.bmg.go.idhttp://www.bmg.go.id

Existing Fire-related InformationExisting Fire-related Information

Malaysian Meteorological Service Malaysian Meteorological Service (MMS):(MMS):http://www.kjc.gov.my/htdocs3/english/http://www.kjc.gov.my/htdocs3/english/service/climate/fdrs1_x.htmlservice/climate/fdrs1_x.html

ASEAN Specialized Meteorological ASEAN Specialized Meteorological Centre (ASMC):Centre (ASMC):http://intranet.mssinet.gov.sg/asmc/http://intranet.mssinet.gov.sg/asmc/asmc.htmlasmc.html

ASEAN Secretariat: ASEAN Secretariat: http://www.haze-http://www.haze-online.or.idonline.or.id

Existing Fire-related InformationExisting Fire-related Information

Sentinel Asia: Sentinel Asia: http://dmss.tksc.jaxa.jp/sentinel/http://dmss.tksc.jaxa.jp/sentinel/

NASA Fire Information for Resource NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS): Management System (FIRMS): http://maps.geog.umd.edu/firmshttp://maps.geog.umd.edu/firms

Global Fire Monitoring Center: Global Fire Monitoring Center: http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/http://www.fire.uni-freiburg.de/

Objective of FWIObjective of FWI

FireWatch Indonesia (FWI)FireWatch Indonesia (FWI) is designed as the is designed as the online web online web delivery system of fire-related information, which its objective delivery system of fire-related information, which its objective is to is to strengthen the land/forest fire managementstrengthen the land/forest fire management in in Indonesia.Indonesia.Roles of the collaborating agencies are:Roles of the collaborating agencies are:

Providers of Providers of satellite information productssatellite information products (LAPAN, MoF, MoE) (LAPAN, MoF, MoE) Providers of Providers of spatial and meteorological dataspatial and meteorological data (Bakosurtanal, BMG, LAPAN) (Bakosurtanal, BMG, LAPAN) Users for Users for Fire Fighting or Environmental AssessmentFire Fighting or Environmental Assessment (MoE, MoF, DoA) (MoE, MoF, DoA) Users for Users for Emergency ManagementEmergency Management (Bakornas PB) (Bakornas PB) Policy formulationPolicy formulation (MoE and MoF) (MoE and MoF) Legal servicesLegal services to counter illegal burning and clearing (MoE) to counter illegal burning and clearing (MoE) Technologies for improvement of bandwidth and internet accessTechnologies for improvement of bandwidth and internet access (UPN, ITB, (UPN, ITB,

Min. of Comm. and Info, Min. of Research and Tech.)Min. of Comm. and Info, Min. of Research and Tech.) Training SupportTraining Support (Landgate, UPN, each Collaborating Agency) (Landgate, UPN, each Collaborating Agency)

Proposed FWI ProductsProposed FWI Products

Daily and monthly information of different scale levels:Daily and monthly information of different scale levels: Fire Danger Rating SystemFire Danger Rating System Greenness Vegetation Cover Greenness Vegetation Cover Fire HotspotFire Hotspot Smoke DispersionSmoke Dispersion Burnt Scar AreaBurnt Scar Area True Color ImageryTrue Color Imagery Forest/Land Cover ChangeForest/Land Cover Change Others:Others:

• Meteorological dataMeteorological data• DEM SRTM (90 m, 30 m)DEM SRTM (90 m, 30 m)• Administrative: cities, province/regency boundaries, etc.Administrative: cities, province/regency boundaries, etc.• Infrastructure: roads, rivers, etc.Infrastructure: roads, rivers, etc.

Proposed FWI SystemProposed FWI System

FWI will adopt FireWatch FWI will adopt FireWatch Australia, especially in:Australia, especially in:

Open Source/Low-cost software Open Source/Low-cost software usage.usage.

Fully automatic for 24 hours x 7 Fully automatic for 24 hours x 7 days operation.days operation.

Automatic email, fax, and sms Automatic email, fax, and sms delivery options.delivery options.

Basis of the Collaboration PlanBasis of the Collaboration Plan

A.A. Spatial Information:Spatial Information: Basic Maps:Basic Maps:

Topographic maps: roads, settlements, and infrastructureTopographic maps: roads, settlements, and infrastructure Thematic maps: land use/coverThematic maps: land use/cover etc.etc.

Near real-time maps:Near real-time maps: Hotspot: NOAA AVHRR, Terra/Aqua MODIS, MTSAT-1RHotspot: NOAA AVHRR, Terra/Aqua MODIS, MTSAT-1R Burnt scar area: NOAA AVHRR, Terra/Aqua MODISBurnt scar area: NOAA AVHRR, Terra/Aqua MODIS Smoke dispersionSmoke dispersion Vegetation IndexVegetation Index False color imagesFalse color images Cloud coverCloud cover Meteorological data: rainfall, wind speed/direction, temperatureMeteorological data: rainfall, wind speed/direction, temperature etc.etc.

Basis of the Collaboration Plan – Cont.Basis of the Collaboration Plan – Cont.

B.B. Organization of the Spatial Information:Organization of the Spatial Information: Each Collaborating Agency (CA) may operates its own Each Collaborating Agency (CA) may operates its own

internet delivery.internet delivery. Each CA may use the delivery options (email, fax, sms) Each CA may use the delivery options (email, fax, sms)

provided by FWI.provided by FWI. Each CA will provide internet or digital access to such of Each CA will provide internet or digital access to such of

its own spatial data deemed necessary for FWI and the its own spatial data deemed necessary for FWI and the reverse.reverse.

Each CA will have internet access to the spatial data Each CA will have internet access to the spatial data held by the FWI for their own sites.held by the FWI for their own sites.

Proposed FWI Communication SystemProposed FWI Communication System

RF: Receiving and Processing FacilityRF: Receiving and Processing FacilityCA: Collaborating AgencyCA: Collaborating Agency : High–speed internet access: High–speed internet access

CA-1CA-1 FWI FWI ServerServer

CA-nCA-n

CA-3CA-3

CA-2CA-2 CA-4CA-4

RF-1RF-1 RF-2RF-2

Remote Sensing DataRemote Sensing Data(from various sources)(from various sources)

RF-nRF-n

Benefit from CollaborationBenefit from Collaboration

Free exchange of dataFree exchange of data between Indonesian Agencies via between Indonesian Agencies via internet and other ICT. internet and other ICT.

Enhanced bandwidth and regional internet accessEnhanced bandwidth and regional internet access through new technologies.through new technologies.

Automation of processing and deliveryAutomation of processing and delivery for 24 x 7 for 24 x 7 operation.operation.

Exchange of ideas, expertise and researchExchange of ideas, expertise and research results. results. Increased skillsIncreased skills for web development and services. for web development and services. Access to Access to better and new sourcesbetter and new sources of Spatial Information. of Spatial Information. Access toAccess to Indonesian Fire Hotspot algorithms Indonesian Fire Hotspot algorithms and and

Smoke Dispersion Model Smoke Dispersion Model output.output. etc.etc.

Training to support FWITraining to support FWI Training courses for AusAID PSPL2 in 2007 including web development Training courses for AusAID PSPL2 in 2007 including web development

(MoF, MoE, and LAPAN).(MoF, MoE, and LAPAN). Training through AusAID Fellowships over 2008, 2009, 2010 covering:Training through AusAID Fellowships over 2008, 2009, 2010 covering:

Fire Monitoring - Generating Fire Hot Spot Maps to Pinpoint Forest Fires Training Fire Monitoring - Generating Fire Hot Spot Maps to Pinpoint Forest Fires Training Automatic Delivery of Fire Hot Spot Maps to Remote Locations Training Automatic Delivery of Fire Hot Spot Maps to Remote Locations Training Strategic Fire Fighting Using Fire Hot Spot Maps Training Strategic Fire Fighting Using Fire Hot Spot Maps Training Forest Monitoring – Developing Forest Status Maps to Detect Forest Change and Forest Monitoring – Developing Forest Status Maps to Detect Forest Change and

Pinpoint Areas of Deforestation Training Pinpoint Areas of Deforestation Training Early Warning System using Satellite Monitoring to Detect Illegal Logging / Forest Early Warning System using Satellite Monitoring to Detect Illegal Logging / Forest

Clearing Training.Clearing Training. New Training and development opportunities for:New Training and development opportunities for:

Satellite monitoring for Flood and Food Security for paddy fields.Satellite monitoring for Flood and Food Security for paddy fields. Landslides and Earthquakes.Landslides and Earthquakes.

AusAID Scholarships to study for MSc and PhD at Curtin University, AusAID Scholarships to study for MSc and PhD at Curtin University, University of Western Australia or Murdoch University.University of Western Australia or Murdoch University.

Development of FWI training by Landgate, Universitas Pembangunan Development of FWI training by Landgate, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional, each Collaborating Agency.Nasional, each Collaborating Agency.