Lecture Notes- Particulate Pollutants
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1 PARTICULATE POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Prof. Ir. Dr. Wan Ramli Wan Daud Department of Chemical & Process Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 1. Overview Of Particulate Control Technology Particles in industrial tail or flue gases could be removed by means of a variety of particle control technologies. Most of these technologies could remove particles of a certain range of sizes peculiar to the particular technology. The most common particle control technologies are: 1. Gravity settling chamber Particles are separated from a rapidly slowing gas by settling under gravity in a chamber that is long enough to settle the particles 2. Wet scrubber Particles are separated by impact on larger droplets of atomised liquid which is then removed 3. Centrifugal separator (Cyclone) Particles are separated by the action of centrifugal forces on the particles, generated by the spiral motion of the gas in the cyclone, compelling the particles to impact on the outer surface of the cyclone and get collected 4. Electrostatic precipitator Particles are separated by charging them in a transverse electric field and impacting them on the collecting electrode 5. Fabric collector Particles are separated by impact on flat and cylindrical targets of the fabric. The size range of the particles in the flue gas is usually used to select the most suitable particle control equipment. For very large particles of size ranging from 1 mm to 10 mm, gravity settling chambers are sufficient. For large particles of size ranging from 0.1 mm to 1 mm, centrifugal separators such as cyclones could also be used, in addition to gravity settling chambers. A greater range of equipment is available for small particles of sizes ranging from 10 µm to 0.1 mm that also include wet scrubbers, fabric collectors and electrostatic precipitators in addition to gravity settling chamber and centrifugal separators. Fine particles of size less than 10 µm could be removed by wet scrubbers, fabric collectors and electrostatic precipitators. The selection process is shown in Figure 1.
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