Lecture 1ab v2
Transcript of Lecture 1ab v2
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Computers &Computers &
InformationInformationTechnologyTechnology
Introduction to Information TechnologyIntroduction to Information Technology
By³:By³: JinAd JinAd
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What is Information Technology?
I nformation Technology is a
general term which refers to thehardware and software that
accepts data, process these
data, and release information.
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Purposes of IT:
to inform
to educate
to entertain
to control
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the most versatile
form of IT.
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Predecessors of the
Predecessors of theModern ComputerModern Computer
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Pascals Calculator
Blaise Pascal
French philosopher,mathematician, and physicist,
considered one of the greatminds in Western intellectual
history
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Analytical EngineCharles Babbage
British mathematician andinventor, who designed and
built mechanical computingmachines on principles thatanticipated the modernelectronic computer and thusregarded as the ³Father of the
Computer.́
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American inventor, who
devised a system of encodingdata on cards through a seriesof punched holes. This system
proved useful in statisticalwork and was important in the
development of the digital
computer. Hollerith's machine,used in the 1890 U.S. census
Herman Hollerith
Electric Tabulating Machine
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ENIAC Electronic
Numerator,Integrator
and
Computer
Vacuum tube
Punched cards
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Transistors and Diodes
John Bardeen
Walter Brattain
William Shockley
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Integrated circuit
Microprocessor
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Classification ofClassification ofComputers (Capacity)Computers (Capacity)
When we say capacity, it refers to the volume
of work one computer can handle. Before, thecapacity was determined by the size of thecomputer. But because of the modernminiaturization of some computer components,capacity now refers to the measure of thenumber of jobs (or program) it can run rather than by volume of data it can process.
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Super Computers
CM-5 Supercomputer
Cray Supercomputer
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Large-Scale Computers mainframes
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Components of a TypicalComponents of a Typical
Computer SystemComputer System
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A typical personal computer has components to displayand print information (monitor and laser printer); input commands and data (keyboard and mouse); retrieve
and store information (CD-ROM and disk drives); andcommunicate with other computers (modem).
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A reas of Computer Use A reas of Computer Use
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Graphics
Architecture: uses computer animated graphics toexperiment with possible exteriors, to give clients a visual
walk-through of proposed buildings, and to subject
buildings to hypothetical earthquakes.
Medicine: brain-scan computers produce color-enhanced maps to help diagnose mental illness.
Business: executives can utilize computer graphics too,
by making bar graphs and pie charts out of tedious figures
andusing color to convey information with far moreimpacts than what numbers can do alone.
Arts: uses computers to create cartoon animation,
landscapes, television logos, and still life.
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Commerc e
Zebra-stripped bar codes that can read by scanners at
supermarket checkout stands to determine price.
Modern-day warehousing and inventory management
can not exist without computers.
En ergy
Energy companies use computers to locate oil, coal,
natural gas, and uranium.
Electric companies use computers to monitor vast
power networks. Meter readers use handheld computers
to record how much energy is used each month in homes
and businesses.
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T ran sportati on
Computers are used to r un rapid transit systems, load
containerships, track railroad cars across the country,
safeguard airport takeoffs and landings, monitor air traffic,
and schedule travel.
They are also used in cars and motorcycles to monitor
fluid levels, temperatures, and electrical systems and
even improve f uel mileage.
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P aperwork
Using a computer and word processing software for
typing and editing paperwork/ reports before printing the
final copy.
Sending e-mail instead of writing yo
ur letter onstationery and mailing it in the post office.
Newspaper and magazines now have their electronic
editions.
Computerized bookkeeping, record keeping, anddocument sending have made paperwork more efficient.
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Mon ey
Computers speed up record
keeping and allow banks to offer
same-day services, do-it-yourself
banking over the phone, and
remote transactions via an ATM.
Computers have helped f uel thecashless economy, enabling the
widespread use of credit cards and
instantaneous credit checks by
banks, department stores, andother retailers.
Some oil companies even use
activated credit card and self-
service gasoline pumps.
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G ov er n men t
Computers are used for social security services,
medical services, and tax collection.
Computers are also used for forecasting weather,
servicing parks, processing immigrants, meting justice,
and tallying the votes during election time.
In tracking suspected criminals.
In record keeping (birth certificates, land titles, marriage
contracts, business permits, etc.)
For census.
For military and intelligence purposes.
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Educati on
In the classroom, as a tool for teaching.
In the libraries, for easy access to more information
through the Internet.
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T he H ome
As an education tool for children.
To keep records, write letters, prepare budget, draw
pictures, prepare newsletters, and connect with other
computers and information services via the telephone.
To control heating and air conditioning, answer
telephone calls, safeguard the house during vacations,
and so on,
For entertainment - playing games.
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Robotics
To take over many of the jobs that place human life at
risk.
Cost-sensitive jobs are also targeted for robots (ex.
pattern-cutting robots)
Robots are used for military purposes when they
perform underwater missions to search out mines, handle
surveillance for installations, and do pinpoint targeting.
Robots are also used to patrol jail corridors at night andreport any persons encountered.
Robots do tedious jobs better than what humans do -
jobs such as welding or paint spraying in new car plants.
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S ci en c e
For scientific research.
Can simulate environments, emulates physical
characteristics, and generally allow us to replicate studies
and provide proofs in a cost-effective manner.
To generate models of DNA, the molecules that housethe genetic instr uctions that determine the specific
characteristics of organisms.
To test experimental airplanes wherein aerospace
engineers use computers to simulate wind tunnelexperiments.
For contacting alien beings in outer space.
For studying the universe.
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T rai n i n g
Computers are being used as
a training device in industry and
in the government.
Computerized, interactive
training gives a new dimension
to simulations, allowing the use
of f ull-motion video to put live
participants in situations that can
be changed quickly.