Learning outcomes for today Define a population and describe the attributes that make up that...
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![Page 1: Learning outcomes for today Define a population and describe the attributes that make up that population Describe the 3 types of population distribution.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062802/56649e8a5503460f94b90432/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Population
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Learning outcomes for today
• Define a population and describe the attributes that make up that population
• Describe the 3 types of population distribution• Work in a pair to learn about survivorship
curves and age structure
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Definition
• A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species that live in a particular area at a defined time.
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Natality
• Number of births per 1000 people per year
births per yearcrude birth rate = total population X 1000
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Mortality
• Number of deaths per 1000 people per year
deaths per yearCrude death rate = total population
X 1000
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Density
• Number of individuals of a population per unit area of habitat at a specific time.
– E.g. Pine trees per hectare of the Urewera forest in 2007
– E.g. Diatoms per cubic metre of sea water taken of Raglan beach in 2006
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Low Density• Only a few animals per
unit area• Highly territorial,
solitary animals
High Density• Individuals crowded
together• Colonial organisms
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Distribution
• How individuals are spaced in an area• 3 types of distribution
1. Random2. Clumped3. Uniform
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Distribution - Random• Presence of one individual does not directly
affect the location of another individual. • Uncommon in animals • Often seen in plants
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Distribution - Clumped
• Individuals are grouped in patches, sometimes around a resource
• The presence of one individual increases the probability of finding
another• E.g. Herding or highly social species (buffalo)
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Distribution - Uniform
• Individuals are evenly spaced• Presence of one individual decreases the
probability of finding another close by
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Pair Share Class
1. Describe why some organisms may exhibit a clumped distribution because of
a. Resources in the environmentb. A group social behaviour
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Pair Share Class
2.Describe a social behaviour found in some animals that may encourage a uniform distribution
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Pair Share Class
3. Describe the type of environment that would encourage uniform distribution
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Pair Share Class
4. Give an example of each of the following types of distribution patterns
a. Clumpedb. Randomc. Uniform
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Age structure and Survivorship Curves
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Survivorship• There are three types of survivorship curves– Type I
• Mortality is very low in the infant and juvenile years, and throughout most of adult life. Mortality increases rapidly in old age.
– Type II• Mortality is relatively constant through all life stages (no one age is
more susceptible than another)
– Type III• Mortality is very high during early life stages, followed by a very
low death rate for the few individuals reaching adulthood.
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Survivorship
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Your Task:
Biozone exerciseSurvivorship curves
286
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Population Age Structure• The age structure of a population refers to the
relative proportion of individuals in each age group in the population.
• The population is usually divided into three groups– Pre-reproductive– Reproductive– Post-reproductive
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Population Age Structure
• This is usually shown as a age pyramid. The shape of the pyramid show different things
– True pyramid – an expanding population– Bell shaped – a stable population– Urn shaped – a diminishing population
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An Expanding Population
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A Stable Population
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A Diminishing Population