EEE3112Introduction to Multimedia Application & Technology

Chapter 3: Video Development

by Muhazam Mustapha, October 2012

Learning Outcome

• By the end of this chapter, students are expected to be ready to demonstrate the required skills for CO3:– Basic Theory on Digital Video– Basic Theory on Digital Video Format– Basic Theory on Digital Video Media– Develop Digital Video on a Given Platform

Chapter Content

• Digital Video

• Formats

• Media

• Adobe Premiere CS4– Workspace– Editing Concepts– Video transition

Digital Video

Video• Video is the technology of capturing, recording,

processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion of timeline

• In the old times the process is more optical, but now it is more electronics

• This technology has evolved considerably in the late 19th century throughout 20th century in term of its media and transmission– Late 19th century: Film reel– Mid 20th century: Video tape– Late 20th century: Optical discs

Analog Video• Film is a sequence of

optically captured frames over a fixed time interval– It is the most fundamental

kind of analog video where the frames are stored as a whole

• Next inline is the VHS (Video Home System) that also stored video information in analog format

Video Transmission• Tele-video or tele-vision is the process of

viewing the video from a remote location• Later the word just becomes television or TV• Television, in term of process, is the way the

information of pixels in video frames are transmitted line-by-line– Later VHS and optical discs use the same

transmission scheme to store the video information

• In the of device, television is the hardware that provides remote viewing of video information

Analog Video Waveform

Horizontal Scanning

Vertical Sync

Horizontal Sync

Analog to Digital Transition• Chronology

Time TechnologyLate 19th century Silent movie - Film

Early Mid 20th century

Sound movie – Film and TV

Mid 20th century Color Film & TV

Late 20th century CD/DVD media & satellite transmission

21st century IPTV, Internet streaming, 3D movies

Analog

Digital

Analog to Digital Transition• Format and Media

Media FormatFilm No strong

standardization – only by physical dimension

VHS, Television, Laser Discs (LD)

PAL, NTSC, SECAM, etc

VCD MPEG 1

DVD, Blu-ray, satellite TV

MPEG 2, MPEG 4

IPTV, Internet streaming MPEG 4

Analog

Digital

Formats

Digital Video Format• There are 2 competing groups• MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) –

standardized formats under ISO/IEC– MPEG 1 – ISO/IEC 11172– MPEG 2 – ISO/IEC 13818– MPEG 4 – ISO/IEC 14496

• VCEG (Visual Coding Experts Group) – under ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication)– H.26x: H.261, H.263, H.264 – producing standards

similar to (overlapping with) MPEG

MPEG 1• ISO/IEC 11172 Standard• Meant for VHS quality video• Only 2-channel audio (stereo)• Transmission rate up 1.5MBit/s• Video compression up to 26:1• Audio compression up to 6:1• The format for Video CD (compact disc) is

mostly in MPEG 1• File format: .MPG (.DAT for VCD)

MPEG 2• ISO/IEC 13818 Standard• Meant for TV and HDTV quality video• Support all that of MPEG1 and more

– Support multiple video angles– Support stereo, 5.1 surround sound and more, and

multiple sound track– Support for interlaced video – alternate odd & even

line scanning– Support for menu, subtitle and chaptering

• The common format for DVD video and satellite TV

• File format: .VOB (DVD video)

MPEG 4• ISO/IEC 14496 Standard• Meant for streaming: internet, IPTV, mobile• Support all that of MPEG1 & 2, with much better

compression – as well as 3D movies• The most common format for Blu-ray video

internet streaming• Most of current commercial video formats

support up to MPEG 4: .MP4, .MOV, QuickTime, DIVX, XVID, .MKV, .FLV, etc

Digital Video File Player• For our class, you are expected to explore

yourselves the numerous players available for playing various video formats

• The most common of them are:– Windows Media Player, DivX Player, QuickTime,

RealPlayer, VLC, etc

• Please Google for yourselves these keywords and explore:– “List of video file player”, or others

Video Format Converter• Digital video formats, being 1-s and 0-s, are

easily converted to each other• For our class, you are also expected to explore

yourselves the numerous converters available for converting between various formats

• Most video editors can export to many formats:– Adobe has Premiere and After Effect that can export

to many formats, while also has a standalone converter called Media Encoder

• Please Google for yourselves these keywords and explore:– “List of video converter”, or others

Media

Digital Tape & Laser Disc• Even though VHS is analog, digital video

(DV) tape was the first to store video information in digital format– It was used in some digital video camera

• Even though optical in nature, laser disc (LD) however, is not digital but analog– Data in it is kept as analog format like NTSC,

SECAM, PAL, etc

• Being bulky in size, LD has almost been phased out completely, while DV tape is still in use due to its robustness and small in size

Compact Disc (CD)• Video stored in CD is called video CD (VCD) –

mostly MPEG1 – SVCD is MPEG2 in CD• Average movie length would require 2 CD-s to

store the entire movie• Data size: 650~700 Mbytes• Read/Write-ability:

– CD-ROM – factory writable– CD-R – one time writable– CD-RW – erasable and ReWritable

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)• The first optical medium that is big enough to

contain entire movie with multiple sound track, menus and subtitle

• Data size ranges 1.5~17GByte, but the most common are 4.7GByte (single layer, SL) and 8.5GByte (dual layer, DL)

• Read/Write-ability:– DVD-ROM SL/DL – factory writable– DVD±R SL/DL – one time writable, different in material– DVD±RW SL/DL – erasable and ReWritable– DVD-RAM – DVD media on concentric structure like harddisk

(not spiral like other optical media)

Blu-ray Disc (BD)• The first optical medium that is big

enough to contain an entire 3D and HD movie

• Higher density (at least 4×) is possible due to blue laser that is around half shorter in wavelength

• Data size 25GByte (SL) and 50GByte (DL)

• Read/Write-ability similar to CD and DVD:– BD (factory), BDR (one time), BDRE

(recordable and erasable)

MPEG 4• ISO/IEC 14496 Standard• Meant for streaming: internet, IPTV, mobile• Support all that of MPEG1 & 2, with much better

compression• The most common format for Blu-ray video

internet streaming• Most of current commercial video formats

support up to MPEG 4: .MP4, QuickTime, DIVX, XVID, .MKV, etc