Learning

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Learning Learning A relatively permanent A relatively permanent change in behavior change in behavior brought about by brought about by experience. experience.

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Learning. A relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience. Classical Conditioning. Ivan Pavlov Russian Physiologist Pavlovian Psychology Father of Classical Conditioning Studied the principles of conditioning for over 30 years. Classical Conditioning. Ivan Pavlov - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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LearningLearning

A relatively permanent A relatively permanent change in behavior change in behavior brought about by brought about by experience.experience.

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov Russian PhysiologistRussian Physiologist Pavlovian PsychologyPavlovian Psychology Father of Classical ConditioningFather of Classical Conditioning Studied the principles of conditioning Studied the principles of conditioning

for over 30 yearsfor over 30 years

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Ivan PavlovIvan Pavlov 1849-19361849-1936 Russian Russian

physician/ physician/ neurophysiologistneurophysiologist

Nobel Prize in Nobel Prize in 19041904

studied digestive studied digestive secretionssecretions

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

PavlovPavlov’’s s device for device for recording recording salivationsalivation

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning organism comes to associate two organism comes to associate two

stimulistimuli a neutral stimulus that signals an a neutral stimulus that signals an

unconditioned stimulus begins to unconditioned stimulus begins to produce a response that produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulusunconditioned stimulus

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Powerful Unconditioned Stimulus = Food

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Unconditioned Response to the presentation of food = Salivation

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

UCS = Food UCR = Salivation

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

N S = Tuning Fork (Bell)

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

Neutral Stimulus

Associated With Unconditioned

Stimulus

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning

C S = Tuning Fork

C R = Salivation

Elicits

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Classical ConditioningClassical ConditioningUCSUCS UCRUCR

FoodFood SalivationSalivation

NSNS

Tuning ForkTuning Fork

CSCS CR CR

Tuning ForkTuning Fork SalivationSalivation

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning 1. While you were taking your 1. While you were taking your

first shower in the dorms, first shower in the dorms, someone flushed a nearby toilet. someone flushed a nearby toilet. Now, whenever you hear a flush Now, whenever you hear a flush while you are showing, you jump while you are showing, you jump out of the way.out of the way.

UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___CR___

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning 2. People receiving 2. People receiving

chemotherapy often vomit during chemotherapy often vomit during or shortly after the procedure. or shortly after the procedure. After several chemotherapy After several chemotherapy sessions, they begin feeling sick sessions, they begin feeling sick as soon as they enter the as soon as they enter the treatment room.treatment room.

UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning 3. Eating Mom3. Eating Mom’’s wonderful cookies s wonderful cookies

always makes your mouth water. To always makes your mouth water. To guarantee you do get to eat the guarantee you do get to eat the cookies, you hide them in your cookies, you hide them in your zippered duffle bag in your closet. zippered duffle bag in your closet. Now just the sound of unzipping the Now just the sound of unzipping the duffle makes your mouth water.duffle makes your mouth water.

UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning 4. No-so-clever Margo drank many 4. No-so-clever Margo drank many

shots of Rootbeer Schnapps and the shots of Rootbeer Schnapps and the alcohol made her really sick. The alcohol made her really sick. The next day she popped a rootbeer next day she popped a rootbeer candy in her mouth, but immediately candy in her mouth, but immediately had to spit out because it made her had to spit out because it made her feel so nauseated.feel so nauseated.

UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning 5. You5. You’’re involved in a passionate re involved in a passionate

relationship. Whenever you and relationship. Whenever you and your your ““matemate”” make-out (and get make-out (and get turned on), you play your special turned on), you play your special CD. Now just hearing that music CD. Now just hearing that music makes you get aroused.makes you get aroused.

UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

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Classical ConditioningClassical Conditioning 6. Mikey cried after receiving a 6. Mikey cried after receiving a

painful vaccination from a nurse in a painful vaccination from a nurse in a white jacket. The next week his white jacket. The next week his mother couldnmother couldn’’t understand why t understand why Mikey burst out in tears when the Mikey burst out in tears when the barber (in white jacket) welcomed barber (in white jacket) welcomed them to his shop.them to his shop.

UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___UCS ___ UCR___NS___ CS___ CR___

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Classical ConditioningClassical ConditioningUCS(passionate kiss) UCR

(sexualarousal)

CS(onionbreath)

CS(onion breath) CR

(sexualarousal)

UCS(passionate Kiss) UCR

(sexualarousal)

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Expanding PavlovExpanding Pavlov’’s Researchs Research– GeneralizationGeneralization

• 2 or more stimuli responded to in similar 2 or more stimuli responded to in similar wayway

– example = whistle, bell , beardsexample = whistle, bell , beards

– DiscriminationDiscrimination• making distinctions between 2 stimulimaking distinctions between 2 stimuli

– ExtinctionExtinction• response weakens or disappearsresponse weakens or disappears

– Spontaneous RecoverySpontaneous Recovery•Revival of an extinguished Revival of an extinguished

responseresponse

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BehaviorismBehaviorism John B. WatsonJohn B. Watson

viewed psychology as viewed psychology as objective scienceobjective science generally agreed-upon generally agreed-upon

consensus todayconsensus today recommended study of recommended study of

behavior without behavior without reference to reference to unobservable mental unobservable mental processesprocesses not universally accepted not universally accepted

by all schools of thought by all schools of thought todaytoday

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JB WatsonJB Watson‘‘Baby Albert ExperimentBaby Albert Experiment’’

Radical BehaviorismRadical Behaviorism Turn of CenturyTurn of Century Watson argued that humans do not act Watson argued that humans do not act

on their own. Humans wait to be on their own. Humans wait to be stimulated like mechanical toys. stimulated like mechanical toys. Watson believed that the role of Watson believed that the role of psychology was to figure out how the psychology was to figure out how the human machine worked. human machine worked.

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Radical BehaviorismRadical Behaviorism Watson..... Watson..... – ““Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-

formed, and my own specified world to formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in, and Ibring them up in, and I’’ll guarentee to ll guarentee to take any one at random and train him take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I to become any type of specialist I select -- doctor, lawer, artist, beggar-select -- doctor, lawer, artist, beggar-man and their, regardless of his man and their, regardless of his talents, tendencies, abilities, talents, tendencies, abilities, vocations.vocations.

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Baby AlbertBaby Albert

unconditioned stimulus

unconditioned response

Loud Noise

Fear

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Baby AlbertBaby Albert

Neutral Stimulus

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Baby AlbertBaby Albert

Conditioned stimulus elicits the Conditioned Response

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Baby AlbertBaby Albert

Watson and Baby Albert


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