Leaf Identification Topic 2014A and 2014 D Amanda Trutsch.
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Transcript of Leaf Identification Topic 2014A and 2014 D Amanda Trutsch.
Leaf Identification
Topic 2014A and 2014 D
Amanda Trutsch
Characteristics of:
MonocotEmbryo with single
cotyledon Flower parts in
multiples of three Major leaf veins
parallel
DicotsEmbryo with two
cotyledons Flower parts in
multiples of four or five
Major leaf veins reticulated (net venation)
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/monocot_flower.gifhttp://www.ipm.iastate.edu/images/plantpath/corn/grayleafspot/0093.8grayleafspot.gif
Monocot
http://www.birdhybrids.com/resources/cornSeed.jpg
Dicot
http://gecko.gc.maricopa.edu/~lsola/Flower/hibisc.jpg
http://web.vet.cornell.edu/
http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr6/dicot6.jpg
Types of Leaves
Broadleaf Broad, flat leaf Also called hardwoods Many are decidious Ex: maple, oak, birch
Conifer Needle-shaped or
scale-like leaves Also called softwood Ex: White pine,
juniper, yew
Broadleaf Conifer
http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/gen-ed/lower-plants-gifs/23f-conifer-parts.JPGhttp://www.istockphoto.com
Broadleaves
Leaf Parts to Look At:
(apex)
Characteristics to look for:
Leaf arrangement Leaf composition Overall shape Leaf tip Leaf margin Leaf base
Leaf Arrangement on Stem
Alternate Opposite Whorled
One leaf attached to a node Two leaves attached to the same node
Three or more leaves attached to a single node http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Leaf Composition Simple Compound
A leaf with only one leaf blade area
A leaf with more than one leaf blade area
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Types of Compound LeavesPinnate Compound Palmate
Compound
A leaf with multiple leaf blade areas where the leafletsare attached to a common point
Leaflets arranged along a central axis like a feather
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Types of Compound Leaves, cont.Bipinnate Compound Trifoliate
A compound pinnate leaf. The leaflets of a pinnate leaf are themselves compound.
Three leaflets. The leaflets of a trifoliate leaf appear to be attached to a single location but maybe a reduced pinnate compound leaf. http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Some Leaf Shapes:
Linear:very long and narrow, slightly
wider at the lower half
Ovate:egg-shaped, about twice as long as it is wide, with the widest part below the center
Obcordate:heart-shaped leaf attachedat the narrow end (the opposite of cordate)
Elliptical:a narrow oval with the widest part in the middle of the leaf
Obovate:egg-shaped, with the widest part of the leaf above the center
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Leaf Margins
Entire:not toothed or notched
Serrulate:margins with small forward-facing teeth
Serrate:forward-facing teeth
Doubly Serrate:forward-facing teeth that have smaller teeth
Crenate:rounded teeth perpendicular to the margin
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Leaf Margins, cont.
Dentate:teeth pointing perpendicular to the margin of the leaf
Sinuate:with a strongly wavy margin
Incised:cut by sharp, irregular incisions
Lobed:margins with rounded teeth nearly halfway to the midrib
Undulate:margins wavy, up and down
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Leaf Tips
Acuminate:Terminating into a long drawn out point.
Acute:Tip with sides having an angle of less than 90 degrees.
Truncate:Cut off flat at the tip, may sometimes beslightly indented.
Obcordate:Heart-shaped tip.
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Leaf Tips, cont.
Mucronate:Tipped with a short, sharp point.
Obtuse:Sides with an angle greater than 90 degrees
Rounded:Apex rounded.
Emarginate:With a small notch at the apex.
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Leaf Bases
Cuneate:narrow wedge shaped
Auriculate:ear lobe like base
Rounded:round base
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Leaf Bases, cont.
Cordate:heart shaped
Truncate:cut off at the base
Oblique:unequal base sides
http://users.scc.spokane.edu/PShaw/morph/tippick.htm
Conifers
Needle Types
Needles in bundles or clusters Two or more needles
joined at base Ex. White pine, jack
pine, larch
http://www.isaontario.com/media/news_letter/spec_focus/JackPine.jpg http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/trees/images/leaves/28.jpg
Needle Types
Needles in Singles Each needle growing
singly on a twig Ex. Douglas fur,
hemlock, blue spruce
http://ridge.icu.ac.jp/gen-ed/lower-plants-gifs/23f-conifer-parts.JPG
Needle Types
Overlapping scales Leaves shaped like
overlapping plates (like fish scales)
Ex. Juniper, cedar, cypress
http://preservedgardens.com/images/pressed-foliage/Juniper.JPG http://www.buenavistatownship.org/Photos/Atlantic%20white%20cedar%20leaf.jpg