Leadership and Managementواإلدارة القيادة

What is Leadership ? The process by which a person exerts influence over other

people and inspires, motivates and directs their activities to help achieve group or organizational goals.

ي التي خاللها ُمارس العملية على شخص من آخرين التأثيرنحو أنشطتهم وتوجيه وتشجيعهم بإلهامهم ويقوم

. المنظمة أو المجموعة أهداف تحقيق

Leadership is mobilizing the actions and efforts of others to achieve common goals.

تحقيق القيادة نحو اآلخرين وجهود أفعال حشد تعني . مشتركة أهداف

What traits do you look for in a leader? التي الصفات هي ماالقائد؟ في عنها تبحث

• Has previous leadership successes القيادة لديه في سابقة القيادة نجاحات في سابقة نجاحات

• Enjoys working with people الناس مع بالعمل يتمتع• Responsible and self-motivated والدافعية بالمسئولية شعور لديه• Accountable and open to suggestions المسائلة حس ومنفتح ومنفتح عنده لالقتراحاتلالقتراحات

• “Big picture” thinking لألشياء الكلية أو األكبر الصورة في 3فكر ي• Thinks “outside the box” الصندوق خارج 3فكر ي• Wants others to succeed لآلخرين النجاح يريد• Has realistic opinion واقعي بشكل يفكر• Good listener and observer جيد ومالحظ مستمع

• Positive attitude ايجابية اتجاهات لديه

Characteristics of a successful leadership القيادة خصائص الناجحة

1. Choose to lead يقود أن يختار2. Be the person others choose to follow قيادته اآلخرون يختار أن

لهم3. Provide a vision for the future للمستقبل رؤية يقدم4. Provide inspiration االخرين 3لهم ي5. Make others feel important and appreciated اآلخرين 3شعر ي

وم3قدرون م3همون بأنهم6. Live his or her values لها يدعو التي القيم يعيش أن7. Set the pace األشياء وتيرة يضبط8. Continuously improve باستمرار يتطور9. Provide opportunities for growth والتطور للنمو فرص يوفر10. Care and act with compassion بحنان يتصرف و اآلخرين يراعي11. Develop as a leader كقائد نفسه يطور

Successful leadership skills الناجحة القيادة مهاراتSuccessful leaders are able to القادرون هم الناجحون القادة : على

• Communicate التواصل • Motivate التشجيع • Build Teamwork العمل فريق بناء• Solve Problems المشاكل حل• Resolve Conflicts الصراعات حل• Manage Change التغيير ادارة• Promote Creativity االبداع تعزيز

Leadership Styles القيادة أنواع• 1. Autocratic: االستبدادي أو االوتوقراطي القائد

Leader makes decisions without reference to anyone else القائدآخر شخص أي إلى الرجوع دون القرارات يتخذ

There is high degree of dependency on the leader درجةالزعيم على االعتماد من عالية

Leader can create de-motivation and alienation of staff واالغتراب الدافعية عدم من حالة خلق الى يؤدي

الموظفين عند It may be valuable in some types of business where decisions

need to be made quickly and decisively في مفيدة تكون ربماسريعة قرارات اتخاذ الى تحتاج التي األعمال أنواع بعض .وحاسمة

It uses a one-way communication system, top-down approach, from leader to subordinates. من واحد اتجاه ذو االتصال نظام

األتباع الى القائد من أسفل الى .أعلى

Leader

Autocratic Leader القائد االستبدادي

Subordinates

Paternalistic Leadership األبوية القيادةThis is a leadership style which is quite dictatorial, yet decisions are taken in the best interests of the employees. يعتبر القيادة من النوع دكتاتوريادكتاتورياهذا

الموظفين مصلحة في تُتخذ القرارات لكن تماما،•Leader acts as a ‘father figure’ يشغل القائد

األب شخصية•Paternalistic leader makes decision but may consult with others يتخذ األبوي القائدمع يتشاور قد لكنه بنفسه القرارات االخرين

•Leader believes in the need to support staff يؤمنالموظفين لدعم بالحاجة

Bureaucratic Leadership البيروقراطية القيادةThe manager manages "by the book¨ Everything must be done according to procedure or policy.

حسب مديرال «. يدير انجازه التعليمات» يجب شيء كل . والسياسات االجراءات حسب

If it isn't covered by the book, the manager refers to the next level above him or her.

لم األمر إذا المدير يرفع التعليمات، كتاب في موجودة تكون. منه األعلى التالي المستوى إلى

This manager is really more of a police officer than a leader. He or she enforces the rules.

هو المدير شرطة اضبمثابة هذا . بط هناك فهو قائدا من أكثر . القواعد لتطبيق

Democratic Leader الديموقراطي القائد

•Leader encourages decision making from different perspectives – leadership may be emphasised throughout the organisation

نظر وجهات من القرارات اتخاذ على يشجع – جميع في القيادة على التأكيد يتم مختلفة

المؤسسة مستويات Consultative: process of consultation before

decisions are taken. اتخاذ: تسبق التشاور عملية تشاوري

القرارات Persuasive: Leader takes decision and tries to

persuade others that the decision is correct. القرار: يتخذ القائد اقناع اقناعي ويحاول

القرار االخرين بصواب

Democratic Leader الديموقراطي القائد Leader helps motivation and involvement

واالنخراط الدافعية على يساعد Leader improves the sharing of ideas and experiences within the organization من يطور

والتجارب االفكار في داخل المشاركة المنظمة There is a two-way communication between senior and junior employees.

ذو هو والصغار الكبار الموظفين بين االتصال اتجاهين

Leader Leader

Transactional leadership التعاقدية القيادة Leaders motivate subordinates by rewarding them for high

performance and punishing and reprimanding them for low performance

مكافأتهم طريق عن المرؤوسين يحفزون القادةاالداء على وتوبيخهم عقابهم أو العالي األداء على

المنخفض.

To influence behaviour, the leader actively monitors work performed and actively uses corrective methods to ensure work is completed to an acceptable standard.

عن القائد يراقب االخرين، سلوك في يؤثر لكيليضمن تصحيحية طرق ويستخدم العمل أداء قرب

. مقبول مستوى الى العمل وصول

Transformational leadership التحويلية القيادة

• Leading & developing others يقوداالخرين ويطور

• Showing genuine concern اهتمام يظهرحقيقي

• Enablingتمكيني • Is accessible يمكن

اليه الوصول• Encouraging change على يشجع التغيير

• Qualities شخصية خصائص

honestاألمانة Act with integrity العمل باستقامة

Decisiveالحسم Inspires others and resolves complex problems لآلخرين ملهمالمشاكل ويحل المعقدة

The leader inspires loyalty, enthusiasm, and high levels of performance. وبث االخرين الهام على يقوم القادة من نوع

االداء من عالية مستويات وتحقيق الحماس Charismatic leaders are able through their personal vision

and energy inspire followers and have major impact on an organization. خالل من قادرون الكاريزميون رؤيتهم القادة

الشخصية كبير وطاقتهم بشكل والتأثير االخرين الهام علىالمؤسسة على

An enthusiastic, self-confident transformational leader who is able to clearly communicate his or her vision of how good things could be. قائد من تحويلي متحمسهو واثق

على نفسه القدرة بوضوح لديه رؤيته تواصل تكون لكيفحولنحو على جيداألمور .

Charismatic Leadership الكاريزمية القيادةCharismatic Leader العظيم القائد

Laissez-Faire Leadership التفويضية القيادة

The leader provides little or no direction and gives employees as much freedom as possible.

بدرجة بالتوجيه يقوم ويعطي القائد معدومة، أو ضئيلةممكن قدر أكبر الحرية الموظفين .من

All authority is given to the employees and they must determine goals, make decisions, and resolve problems on their own.

كل ويجب التعطى للموظفين تحديد سلطة عليهمالمشاكل وحل القرارات، واتخاذ .بأنفسهماألهداف،

‘Let it be’ – leadership responsibilities are shared by all. ' قبل- فليكن' من القيادية المسؤوليات تقاسم يجري

الجميع.

Laissez-Faire Leadership التفويضية القيادة

Can be highly motivational, as people have control over their working life. تكون أن أن للغاية، تحفيزيةيمكن حيث

العملية حياتهم على السيطرة لديهم .الناس

Can make coordination and decision making time-consuming and lacking in overall direction التنسيق تجعل أن يمكن

طويال يأخذ القرار واتخاذ إلى وقتا العام وتفتقر التوجيه

Relies on good team work جيد عمل فريق على تعتمد

Relies on good interpersonal relations العالقات على تعتمدالجيدة الشخصية

What Leadership Style to Use? يمكن قيادة نمط أية استخدامه؟

• While the proper leadership style depends on the situation, there are three other factors that also influence which leadership style to use.

عوامل ثالثة هناك الموقف، على يتوقف السليمة القيادة أسلوب أن حين في . استخدامه يمكن الذي القيادة نمط على أيضا تؤثر أخرى

1. The manager's personal background: What personality, knowledge, values, ethics, and experiences does the manager have.

للمدير الشخصية والتجارب هي ما. الخلفية واألخالقيات والقيم المعرفة و الشخصية . المدير يمتلكها التي

1. The Employees are individuals with different personalities and backgrounds. The leadership style managers use will vary depending upon the individual employee and what he or she will respond best to.

. الموظفون أسلوب استخدام فإن مختلفة وخلفيات شخصيات لديهم أفراد همأو يستجيب الذي األسلوب هو وما الفرد للموظف تبعا يختلف القيادة

. له تستجيب3. The Organization: The traditions, values, philosophy, and concerns of the

company or organization will influence how a manager acts.

الخاصة والمخاوف والفلسفة والقيم المنظمة بالشركةالتقاليد والتي أو . المدير عمل على تؤثر أن يمكن

Activities 51. TRUE / FALSE: Indicate whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F):  

1. ( ) Paternalistic leadership is a kind of democratic leader whereby decisions are made in

the best interest of the subordinates.

2. ( ) A Laissez-faire leader is a leader who has full control over the members and decision-

making process is shared with a small group of subordinates.

3. ( ) A main trait of good leaders is that they want others to succeed and provide a vision for

the organization.

4. ( ) The personal background of the leader is not important for successful leadership of the

situation.

5. ( ) Charismatic leaders provide opportunities for positive change through their

vision and personal energy.

6. ( ) A transactional leader manages the organization by the "book" where

everything is done according to procedure or policies.

7. ( ) Being able to persuade and consult with others is a main trait of the

autocratic leadership.

8. ( ) Leadership involves organizing the actions and efforts of the leader to

achieve his or her goals.

2)- Provide a term for the following definitions:

1. ………………………………………….: It uses a one-way communication system, top-

down approach, from leader to subordinates.

2. ………………………………………….: He is an enthusiastic, self-confident leader who is

able to clearly communicate his or her vision of how good things could be.

3. ………………………………………….: The process by which a person exerts influence

over other people and directs their activities to help achieve organizational goals.

4. ………………………………………….: The leader actively monitors work performed and

actively uses corrective methods to ensure work is completed to an acceptable standard.

5. ………………………………………….: It involves a two-way communication between

leaders and subordinates.

3 -(Complete the sentences below with a word from the list:

personal – accessible – father – communicate – direction – creativity 

1. A successful leader is able to ………………………………. with others on how best they can all

achieve common goals.

2. The………………………………. background of the leader is an important factor in the style of

leadership that can be used.

3. A paternalistic leader plays the role of the ……………………………. figure which is a form of

dictatorial leadership.

4. Good leadership must promote ………………………………. and provide opportunities for growth.

5. A democratic leader is ………………………………. to his or her employees and consults with them

regularly.

4 -Match a word in list (A) with a word in list (B):

 

1.Paternalistic ______ a. acts as a policeman

2.Leadership ______ b. a top-down approach

3.Laissez-faire ______ c. two-way communication

4.Change ______ d. Personal vision and energy

5. Bureaucratic ______ e. complete freedom for employees

6.Democratic _____ f. transformation

7.Autocratic ______ g. father figure

8.Charismatic ______ h. motivating to achieve common goals

5 -(Translate the following :

يمكن. 1 الذي القيادة نمط في مهما دورا وفلسفتها المنظمة أهداف تلعب

اتباعه.

.……………………………….……………………………….………………………………

……………………………………………………………….………………………………

المشكالت. 2 حل على بالقدرة ويتمتع ونزيها حاسما الناجح القائد يكون أن يجب

المعقدة.

.……………………………….……………………………….………………………………

……………………………….……………………………….………………………………

5=Internet Chaos in Asia

The Internet in Asia is still experiencing ___________ following the earthquake off southern Taiwan last week. Although the quake caused little damage to ____________ and roads, it broke six out of seven undersea Internet cables. As a result, millions of people in the Asia-Pacific region could not ___________ the Internet. The damaged cables linked countries in North and Southeast Asia to each other, and to North America and ___________. The powerful magnitude 6.7 quake showed how easily Mother Nature can bring chaos to international __________________. Banking services across the region were badly hit and millions of people could not even use an ATM to withdraw ____________. Financial markets escaped serious damage as many traders were on ____________ ahead of the New Year.

Several ____________ are now on their way to repair the cables. One damaged cable is the North Asian Loop – a 38,000 kilometre __________ that stretches from South Korea around India to Holland. Repairing it could be a very difficult _________ because the ends of the cables may be buried or washed away. Earthquakes can create a lot of damage on the _____________. They can cause things to move long distances under the sea. Taiwanese officials have warned it could take several _________ or even a week to fix the problems. This means Internet access across most of Asia will not return to normal for a ___________ or so. The cost of repairs for Asian telecommunication companies could be half a ______________ dollars. They are using more expensive satellite ________________ to make sure as many people as possible are connected.

Questions 5

1. TRUE / FALSE: Indicate whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F):

1. ( ) A volcano damaged Internet connections for people in Asia.

2. ( ) Six out of seven underwater Internet cables broke.

3. ( ) Mother Nature helped people around the world to communicate.

4. ( ) International financial markets suffered a lot of serious damage.

5. ( ) One of the damaged Internet cables links South Korea with Europe.

6. ( ) It is not an easy job to fix underwater Internet cables.

7. ( ) Many people in Asia will be without the Internet for up to a week.

8. ( ) Using satellite technology is cheaper for telecom

companies

2- PHRASE MATCH: Match the following phrases from the article

1. still experiencing ______ a. Nature2. it broke six out of _____ b. to normal3. Mother _____ c. their way to repair the cables 4. people could not even use an ATM ____ d. seven undersea Internet cables

5. markets escaped serious damage as _____ e. or washed away 6. Several ships are now on ______ f. problems7. the ends of the cables may be buried ______ g. to withdraw cash 8. move long _____ h. as possible are connected 9. Return _____i. many traders were on holidays10.make sure as many people_____ j. distances under the sea

3- Match the following synonyms from the article:1.experiencing ______ a. mess2.following ______ b. go back3.linked ______ c. area4.chaos ______ d. facing5.region ______ e. costly 6.repair ______ f. extends7.stretches _____ g. joined8.cause ______ h. fix9.return ______ i. after10.expensive ______ j. make

4- Choose the correct words from a – d below and write them in the article.The Internet in Asia is (1) _______ experiencing problems following the earthquake off southern Taiwan last week. Although the quake caused(2) _________ damage to buildings and roads, it broke six out of seven undersea Internet cables. As a (3) _________, millions of people in the Asia-Pacific region could not use the Internet. The damaged cables linked countries in North and Southeast Asia to each other, and to North America and Australia. The powerful (4) _________ 6.7 quake showed how easily Mother Nature can bring (5) __________ to international communication. Banking services across the region were badly hit and millions of people could not (6) _________ use an ATM to withdraw cash. Financial markets escaped serious damage as many traders were on holidays ahead of the New Year.

Several ships are now on their (7) ___________ to repair the cables. One damaged cable is the North Asian Loop – a 38,000 kilometre link that (8) __________ from South Korea around India to Holland. Repairing it could be a very difficult job because the ends of the cables may be buried or washed (9) _________. Earthquakes can create a lot of damage on the seabed. They can cause things to move long distances under the sea. Taiwanese officials have warned it could take several days or even a week to fix the problems. This means Internet access across most of Asia will not (10) ________ to normal for a week or (11) __________. The cost of repairs for Asian telecommunication companies could be half a billion dollars. They are using more expensive satellite technology to (12) __________ sure as many people as possible are connected.

1. (a) yet (b) still (c) ago (d) gone

2. (a) tiny (b ) few (c) little (d) small

3. (a) rest (b) resulting (c) results (d) result4.

3. (a) magnitude (b) magnify (c) magic (d) magnificent

5. (a) chaos (b) chase (c) chaotic (d) cha-cha-cha

6. (a) odd (b) even (c) flat (d) just

7. (a) wax (b) was (c) war (d) way

8. (a) stretcher (b) stretches (c) stretch (d) stretching

9. (a) a-to-z (b) about (c) away (d) around

10. (a) returns (b) return (c) returned (d) returning

11. (a) so (b) as (c) because (d) then

12. (a) make (b) create (c) cause (d) effect

5- Translate the following:

1. اسيا في المالية األسواق نتيجة أ واجهت صعبة األرضية وقات الهزة

البحر تحت الموجودة االنترنت كوابل كسرت .التي

_________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

وتم . 2 محدودا كان الضرر ولكن اسيا منطقة في االنترنت اتصاالت تأثرت

االنترنت كوابل .اصالح

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

Best Wishes

2015