Le Corbusier

Charles - Édouard Jeanneret “Le Corbusier”

By Musab Badahdah Dr. Filippo Beltrami

LE CORBUSIER

• Why Le Corbusier??

• Brief Life History.

• Early life and Education.

• Pseudonym Adopted.

• Personal Relationships.

• Ideas.

• Five Points of Architecture.

• The Modular.

• Furniture.

• Criticism.

• Death

• Works

• Major Built works.

• Villas.

• Memorials.

• Others.

• Major Written Works.

• Toward an Architecture.

• Le Modular.

• Poem of the Right Angle.

• Athens Charter.

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret “Le Corbusier”:

• The most powerful and eloquent architect if the twentieth century.

• was a Swiss architect, designer, urbanist, writer, sculptor, painter and modern furniture designer, famous for being one of the pioneers of what now is called Modern Architecture or the International Style.

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret “Le Corbusier” 1920:

• He was a pioneer in studies of modern high design and was dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded cities.

Early Life and education, 1887 - 1913 :

• Was born in small city called Neuchatel in north-western Switzerland, just 5 km across the border from France.

• He was attracted to Visual arts, studied at La-Chaux-de-Fonds Art School under Charles L’Epttenier.

• His architecture teacher in the art school was the

architect Rene Chapallaz, who had large influence

on Le Corbusier’s earliest villas.

• He was escaping the provincial atmosphere

of his hometown by travelling around Europe.

Early Life and education, 1887 - 1913 :

• In 1907 he found work in the office of Auguste Perret, The French pioneer of reinforced concrete.

• In 1908 he studied architecture in Vienna with Josef Hoffmann.

• Between 1910 and 1911 he worked near Berlin for the architect Peter Behrens, where he might met Ludwing Mies Van der Rohe and Walter Gropius.

• Late 1911 he journeyed to the Balkans and visited Greece and Turkey, filling sketchbooks with rendering of what he saw.

Pseudonym adopted 1920:

• He adopted the Le Corbusier in the first journal in 1920 that altered from of his maternal grandfather’s name “Lecorbesier” as a pseudonym reflecting his belief that anyone could reinvent themselves.

• The name was “Le Corbusier” is registered

Trademark owned y the Foundation

Le Corbusier and licensed for the production

of designs created by Charles Jeanneret.

Personal Relationships:

• While returning from south America in 1929 to Europe, he met entertainer Josephine Baker on board. He did several nude sketches of her.

• Soon after he returned he got married to a

dressmaker and fashion model Yvonne Gallis,

but she died in 1957.

• He also had a long extramarital affair with

Swedish-American heiress Marguerite

Tiader Harris.

IDEAS

Five points of architecture:

"So we designed a structural system, a frame, completely independent of the functions of the plan of the house: this frame simply supports the flooring and the staircase…“

This was the pioneering moment in the use of reinforced concrete, the one which from the outset was designed in the broadest perspective of architecture and town-planning. From his repeated efforts to introduce the standardized house and standardized house features


1. Piloting, raising the house from the ground - to introduce more light and to free the ground space for parking or a garden.


2. A roof garden for private exterior space.


3. The free plan, facilitated by the skeleton structure, allowing independent interior partitions.


4. Ribbon windows to improve lighting.


5. The free facade, free in the structural sense from the basic skeleton.

Summarize


IDEAS

The Modular:

• Le Corbusier explicitly used the golden in his modular system for the scale of architectural proportion. He saw this system as a continuation of the long tradition of Vitruvius ,Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Vitruvius man", the work of Leon Battista Alberti, and others who used the proportions of the human body to improve the appearance and function of architecture. In addition to the golden ratio, Le Corbusier based the system on human measurements, Fibonacci numbers, and the double unit.

The Modular:

IDEAS

Furniture:

Corbusier said: "Chairs are architecture, sofas are bourgose."

Le Corbusier began experimenting with furniture design in 1928 after inviting the architect, Charlet perriend, to join his studio. His cousin, Pierre Jennert, also collaborated on many of the designs. Before the arrival of Perriand, Le Corbusier relied on ready-made furniture to furnish his projects, such as the simple pieces manufactured by Thonet, the company that manufactured his

designs in the 1930s.

Furniture:

IDEAS

Furniture:

Le Corbusier

Plan Voisin


Plan Voisin

• Le Corbusier exhibited his "Plan Voisin," sponsored by a famous automobile manufacturer, in 1925.

• In it, he proposed to bulldoze most of central Paris north of the Seine, and replace it with his sixty-story cruciform towers from the Contemporary city, placed in an orthogonal street grid and park-like green space.

• His scheme was met with criticism and scorn from French politicians and industrialists, although they were favorable to the ideas of Taylorism and Fordism underlying Le Corbusier designs.

• Nonetheless, it did provoke discussion concerning how to deal with the cramped, dirty conditions that enveloped much of the city.

• Despite its criticism, the architecture of Plan Voisin left its impact on many of the sky scrappers.

• Effects of Plan Voisin


Plan Voisin

Le Corbusier

Plan Voisin

Yes, It is the End

“Le Corbusier”

August 27, 1965

Fondation Le Corbusier:

The Fondation Le Corbusier was established in 1968. It now owns Maison La Roche and Maison Jeanneret (which form the foundation's headquarters), as well as the apartment occupied by Le Corbusier from 1933-1965 at rue Nungesser et Coli in Paris 16e, and the "Small House" he built for his parents in Corseaux on the shores of Lac Leman (1924).

Death

• Against his doctor's orders, on August 27, 1965, Le Corbusier went for a swim in the Mediterranean sea.

• His body was found by bathers and he was pronounced dea.

• It was assumed that he suffered a heart attack, at the age of seventy-seven.

• His death rites took place at the courtyard of the Louvre Palace on September 1, 1965 under the direction of writer and thinker André Malraux, who was at the time France's Minister of Culture

• He was buried alongside his wife in the grave he had designated at Roquebrune.

Death

• Le Corbusier's death had a strong impact on the cultural and political world.

• Homages were paid worldwide and even some of Le Corbusier's worst artistic enemies.

• The President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson said: "His influence was universal and his works are invested with a permanent quality possessed by those of very few artists in our history".

• The Soviet Union added, "Modern architecture has lost its greatest master".

• Japanese TV channels decided to broadcast, simultaneously to the ceremony.

Works:

Major Built Works:

• He built about 60 buildings through his life.

• The two major designs were:

• The Villas.

• Churches and large residential.

Villa Savoye: Paris, France 1929

Villa Savoye

Paris, France 1929

Unité d'Habitation

Marseille, France 1947-1952

Philips Pavilion 1955

The National Museum of Western Art

Tokyo 1887-1965

Centre Le Corbusier

Lake Zürich 1960

Notre Dame du Haut

Haute-Saône, France 1954

A governmental building

Chandigarh, India

Works:

Major Written Works:

• He has about 15 written work in different subjects.

Vers une Architecture.

It is a book translated into English as Toward an Architecture and commonly known as Towards a New Architecture is collection of essays written by Le Corbusier (Charles-Edouard Jeanneret), advocating for and exploring the concept of modern architecture. The book has had an undeniable lasting effect on the architectural profession, serving as the manifesto for a generation of architects, a subject of hatred for others, and unquestionably a critical piece of architectural theory. The architectural historian reyner Banham once claimed that its influence was unquestionably "beyond that of any other architectural work published in this [20th] century to date", and that unparalleled influence has continued, unabated, into the 21st century.

Vers une Architecture

Contents

1.1 Aesthetic of the Engineer, Architecture

1.2 Three Reminders to Architects

1.2.1 Volume

1.2.2 Surface

1.2.3 Plan

1.3 Regulating Lines

1.4 Eyes That Do Not See

1.4.1 Liners

1.4.2 Airplanes

1.4.3 Automobiles

1.5 Architecture

1.5.1 The Lesson of Rome

1.5.2 The Illusion of the Plan

1.5.3 Pure Creation of the Mind

1.6 Mass-Production Housing

1.7 Architecture or Revolution

Vers une Architecture.

Le Modular:

It is a The Modular is an anthropometric scale of proportions devised by the Swiss-born French architect Le Corbusier (1887–1965).It was developed as a visual bridge between two incompatible scales, the Imperial system and the Metric system. It is based on the height of an English man with his arm raised.

Le Modular:

A picture of the Modular appears on the eighth banknote series on the 10 CHF Swiss banknote dedicated to Le Corbusier.

Poem of the Right Angle:

The Poem of the Right Angle (Le Poeme de l'Angle Droit) is a series of 19 paintings and corresponding writings composed by the influential Swiss architect Le Corbusier. Aside from his seminal manifesto Toward an Architecture, The Poem of the Right Angle is considered to be his most lucid synthesis of personal maxims.

Thank You

By Musab Badahdah Dr. Filippo Beltrami

Theory of Architecture I

Le Corbusier

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