RATIFICATION PAGE

Complete report of Basic Biology with title “Lazarro Spallanzani Experient” which made by :

Name : FitriantiReg. Numb : 141 344 0022Class : ICP Chemistry BGroup : IIIHas been checked by Assistant and Assistant Coordinator, So this report is accepted.

Makassar, Desember 2014Assistant Coordinator, Assistant

Muhammad Riswan Ramli S.Pd Anugerah Lestari

Known,Lecturer of Responsibility

Dr. Ir. Muhammad Junda M,SiNip. 1962 11 08 1991 03 1 002

CHAPTER IINTRODUCTION

A. BackgroundAlthough today we understand that living things arise from other living thing,

the idea of spontaneous generation was entrenched in the minds of man throughout most of history. From the time of the ancient Romans, through the Middle Ages, and untill the late nineteenth century, it was generally accepted that some life forms arose spontaneosly from non-living matter. Such “spontaneous generation” appeared to occur primarily in decaying matter. It had been common to believe that although most large organism could arise spontaneosly from mud or organic matter. Some folklore suggested that larger orgnism decomposed into smaller ones when they died, and there were even common legends that magical transitions could change a living member of one species into another (for example, werevolves). About 300 years ago, Van Helmont (1577-1644) offered a classic expression of spontaneous generation: if you press a piece of underwear soiled with sweat together with some wheat in an open mouth jar, after about 21 days the odor changes and the ferment, coming out of the underwear and penetrating through the husk of wheat, changes the wheat into mice. But what is more remarkable is that mice born naturally from parents. But what is even more remarkable is that the mice which come out of the wheat and underwear are not small mice, not even miniature adults or aborted mice, but adult mice emerge. Although such a concept may seen laughable today, it is consistent with the other widely held cultural and religious beliefs of the time.

Abiogenesis theory was accepted for some years by scientists of the time, but later many scientists from biology. Chemistry, doctor another scientists was not agree with that theory. One of them is Lazarro Spallanzani. So, we did this experiment to know more about it.

B. The Experiment PurposeThe purpose of this practicum is to give a change to students to follow the way

of idea and steps that had been ever done by scientists in solved biology problem, especially to answer a question “Where is life from?”

C. The Experiment BenefitStudents know to explain where life is from and know the experiments that had

been ever done by scientists

CHAPTER IIPREVIEW OF LITERATURE

CHAPTER IIIMETHOD OF EXPERIMENT

A. Time and PlaceDay/Date : Tuesday / December 15th 2014Time : 01.00 am – 02.40 amPlace : Green House Laboratory Biology FMIPA UNM

B. Tools and Materials1. 3 pieces of test tube2. 1 piece of test tube rack3. 2 pieces of cork / rubber suit4. 1 pieces of light spirits5. 1 piece of wood clamps6. 30 ml of liquid broth7. 1 piece of wax

C. Work Procedure1. Filled there test tubes with broth 10 ml diluted broth respectively2. The first tube, stopper with cocrk/rubber and wax used as drops of liquid

interposed between the mouth of the tube with a lid3. The second tube, broth simmer over low heat for 2 minutes spirits light, leave it

open (without)4. The third tube, broth simmer over low heat for 2 minutes spirits light,

immediately cover with cork and wax used as drops of liquid interposed between the mouth of the tube with a lid

5. Put all of test tubes rack and keep on top your desk, try to avoid interference from animals, direct sunlight and another heat source

6. Observed and recorded every day, for 5 days

CHAPTER IVRESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Observation ResultThe pictures of the Tubes after and before

The tube before observed :

1st TUBE 2nd TUBE 3rd TUBE

The Tube after observed (the last day) 1st TUBE 2nd TUBE 3rd TUBE

Result :

Day Ke - n

Tube I Tube II Tube III

C S O C S O C S O

1

2

3

4

5

Notes :Tube I : Closed and unheatedTube II : Opened and heatedTube III : Closed and heated(+) : Slightly clody/little/rather smelly(++) : Turbid/moderate/slight odor(+++) : very turbid/ a lot/ very smelly

B. Discussion1. The first tube that heated and not closed

When filled the broth there was nothing happened, and the abserved was beginning. The first day, broth was still transparent and had not bad aroma. The second, third and fourth day broth there are changes

2. The second tube that not heated and closedWhen filled the broth there was nothing happened, and the abserved was

beginning. The first day, the second day and the third day, broth was still transparent and had not bad aroma. The fourth day and the fifth day, broth had sediment and not bad aroma. It was happened because the tube was not heated and closed

3. The third tube that heated and closedWhen filled the broth there was nothing happened, and the absorved was

beginning. It was done to make it sterile. The first day, the second day, and the third day, broth was still transparent and not bad aroma. After it was saved in five days, there was no life in that tube. It was happened because the tube was heated and closed. So, microorganism could not enter into the tube.

CHAPTER VCONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. ConclusionBased the purpose, collegian should know where is the origin of life come

from. Not just know the heory of Lazarro Spallanzani, but also know the experiment

B. SuggestionThe suggestion of this experiment are :

1. Suggest for laboratory : I hope tools that use in practicum better2. Suggest for assistant : I hope can guide the students with excellent3. Suggest for students : I hope the next practicum will more careful in use

tools that used in practicum

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonymous, 2012. Microscope. http://homepages.gac.edu/~cellab. Accessed on December 12th 2014

Hyun Gyu-Lee, 2013. Journal of Microscopy. Journal Citation : 2013Ross Andrew, 2011. The Microscope. Chris Curnow, Matthew Wheaton and the

Online Distributed Proofreading : 2011Champbell, 2008. Biology Eighth Edition. Erlangga : 2008Drs. Djamhur,1999. Biologi Umum. Universitas Terbuka : 1999

ATTACHEMENT

ENCLOSURE

Question1. Write the name of the optical parts of the microscope ?

Answer :1. Mirror2. Objective lens3. Lens ocular4. Condenser5. Diaphragm

2. Write the name of the mechanical parts of the microscope ?Answer :

Non optical components (mechanical) consisting of knop locomotion that part of optics consisting of knop locomotion rugged (macrometer) and knop locomotion smooth (micrometer), table this stuff and revolcer.

3. If the image in the field of view is shifted ? why it can be ?Answer :

Because when a shadow in the field of view will be shifted to the left front of his glass, then it should be moved to right back due to the shadow in the microscope is always opposite to the direction of the observed objects (upside down).

4. Write a negative effect on the microscopes Answer :

The negative effect of the microscope when rubbed with coarse fabric or plain paper is a reflection of the observed in the microscope will not be clearly visible , as a result of the lens will be scratched.