Late 20th Century Late 20th Century Immigration and Immigration and The Graying of The Graying of

AmericaAmerica

1965 Immigration and 1965 Immigration and Nationality ActNationality Act

In 1965, Congress amended the In 1965, Congress amended the Immigration and Nationality Act. Immigration and Nationality Act. abolished the national origins abolished the national origins

quota systemquota system capped immigration from Western capped immigration from Western

Hemisphere Hemisphere raised the limit on immigration raised the limit on immigration

from rest of the world from rest of the world 10% of each quota for those with 10% of each quota for those with

desirable ability desirable ability 6% of each quota for those 6% of each quota for those

escaping persecution.escaping persecution. 84% of each quota for people with 84% of each quota for people with

family ties to citizens. family ties to citizens. immediate relatives, former immediate relatives, former

Americans, and ministers enter in Americans, and ministers enter in unlimited numbers. unlimited numbers.

President Lyndon B. President Lyndon B. Johnson,Johnson,

Remarks at Signing of the Remarks at Signing of the Immigration Bill (1965)Immigration Bill (1965)

“…those wishing to immigrate to America shall be admitted on the basis of their skills and their close relationship to those already here. …”

“…the fact is that for over four decades the immigration policy of the United States has been twisted and has been distorted by the harsh injustice of the national origins quota system. …”

“It has been un-American in the highest sense, because it has been untrue to the faith that brought thousands to these shores even before we were a country. …”

“We can now believe that it will never again shadow the gate to the American Nation with the twin barriers of prejudice and privilege. …”

1986 Immigration Reform 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act and Control Act

In 1986, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control ActIn 1986, Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act temporary resident status to illegal aliens in the U.S. since before temporary resident status to illegal aliens in the U.S. since before

January 1, 1982. January 1, 1982. temporary residents could become permanent residents after 18 temporary residents could become permanent residents after 18

months. months. illegal aliens who in the U.S. for 3 years and worked 90 days annually illegal aliens who in the U.S. for 3 years and worked 90 days annually

agriculture could claim temporary resident status and could become agriculture could claim temporary resident status and could become permanent residents 3 yearspermanent residents 3 years

1986 Immigration Reform 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Actand Control Act

$400 million per year for 2 years to the Immigration and $400 million per year for 2 years to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) Naturalization Service (INS)

strengthened penalties for hiring illegal immigrantsstrengthened penalties for hiring illegal immigrants strengthened penalties for smuggling illegal immigrants strengthened penalties for smuggling illegal immigrants reduced notice an employer must give to apply for a permit to hire reduced notice an employer must give to apply for a permit to hire

foreign workers to decrease the need for illegal hiring. foreign workers to decrease the need for illegal hiring.

1990 Immigration Act1990 Immigration Act In 1990, Congress passed the In 1990, Congress passed the

Immigration Act, approving a Immigration Act, approving a substantial increase in substantial increase in immigration. immigration. 700,000 new immigrants 700,000 new immigrants

annually, up from 500,000 annually, up from 500,000 continued to favor people with continued to favor people with

family members in the U.S. family members in the U.S. 55,000 "diversity visas" for 55,000 "diversity visas" for

countries from which few countries from which few were emigrating were emigrating

40,000 permanent job-related 40,000 permanent job-related visas visas

65,000 temporary worker 65,000 temporary worker visasvisas

strengthened Border Patrol strengthened Border Patrol removed AIDS from illnesses removed AIDS from illnesses

making immigrant ineligible to making immigrant ineligible to enter enter

The Rustbelt and the The Rustbelt and the SunbeltSunbelt

Manufacturing Belt became known as the Rust Belt by the 1970's, as Manufacturing Belt became known as the Rust Belt by the 1970's, as manufacturing and heavy industry declined. manufacturing and heavy industry declined.

Cities in the Rust belt were subject to unemployment, underemployment, Cities in the Rust belt were subject to unemployment, underemployment, and general out migration as jobs moved south and abroad.and general out migration as jobs moved south and abroad.

Sunbelt states the South profited from a booming agribusiness industry Sunbelt states the South profited from a booming agribusiness industry and California's Silicon Valley became the hub of the technology industry. and California's Silicon Valley became the hub of the technology industry.

As population in the Sunbelt increased, so did the region's political As population in the Sunbelt increased, so did the region's political influence. influence.

DemographicsDemographics

What were the largest age groups in 2000? What is this generation often called?

DemographicsDemographics

What are the implications of a rapidly increasing elderly population?

Immigration: Statistics Immigration: Statistics

Hispanic Population: Hispanic Population: StatisticsStatistics

CitationsSlide 2: http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/infousa/facts/factover/liberty2.jpgSlide 3: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/Johnson/archives.hom/speeches.hom/651003.aspSlide 4: http://www.myflorida.com/eog/notary_educate/refman/Notary/html/Resident%20alien%20license2.GIFSlide 5: http://lilt.ilstu.edu/gmklass/COW/archive/images/Mar3101.gifSlide 6: http://www.state.gov/cms_images/fy2005pah_perf_sg3_2a.jpgSlide 7: http://wps.ablongman.com/wps/media/objects/31/32716/figures/DIVI712.jpgSlide 8: http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-12.pdfSlide 9: http://aging.state.ny.us/news/gifs/Slide2.JPG Slide 10: http://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/dynamic/RACEHO.pdf

Slide 11: http://www.census.gov/population/pop-profile/dynamic/RACEHO.pdfSlide 12: http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/JAG/03-PS11-10~Diversity-Posters.jpg